,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bbih  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #bd1 #bjba,mr4   
,blum5?al 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,book]1 &    
,mr4 ,wyd57 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i*
 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee  
on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d     
section #aigg ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes to   
protect equal rights "u law4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,economic ,inclusion ,civil ,rights ,act
 ( #bjba4  #b4 ,equal rights ,section   
#aigg ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #aiha7 is am5d$ to read z     
foll[s3  #aigg4 ,equal rights "u law    
7a7 ,f9d+ ,congress f9ds t ! decisions (
 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9   
,comca/ ,corp4 v4 ,national ,ass'n (    
,african ,am]ican-,own$ ,m$ia1 #adj ,s4 
,ct4 #ajji 7#bjbj71 & ,g5]al ,build+    
,contractors ,ass'n v4 ,p5nsylvania1    
#deh ,u4,s4 #cge 7#aihb71 h weak5$ !    
scope & effectiv5ess ( ,f$]al civil     
rights protections4  7b7 ,purpose &     
au?ority  7#a7 ,au?ority ,?is section is

 an ex]cise ( congressional au?ority "u 
section #e ( ! #ad? ,am5dm5t1 section #b
 ( ! #ac? ,am5dm5t1 & ! ,comm]ce ,clause
 ( section #h ( article ,i1 ( !         
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7   
,purpose ,! purpose ( ?is section is to 
protect civil rights1 includ+ to enact  
into law key portions ( ! concurr+      
op9ion ( ,ju/ice ,g9sburg 9 ,comca/     
,corp4 v4 ,national ,ass'n ( ,african   
,am]ican-,own$ ,m$ia1 #adj ,s4 ,ct4     
#ajji 7#bjbj71 & ! diss5t+ op9ion (     
,ju/ice ,m>%all 9 ,g5]al ,build+        
,contractors ,ass'n v4 ,p5nsylvania1    
#deh ,u4,s4 #cge 7#aihb74  7c7          
,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7        
,demon/rates ,! t]m demon/rates means   
meets ! burd5s ( production & p]suasion4
  7#b7 ,economic activity ,! t]m        
economic activity %all h ! broade/ mean+
 p]missible "u ! ,con/itution1 includ+--
 7,a7 mak+1 p]=m+1 & en=c+ contracts2   
7,b7 produc+1 consum+1 br[s+ =1 %opp+ =1
 or wait+ = goods or s]vices2  7,c7     
solicit+1 select+1 hir+1 or deal+ ) a   

v5dor1 suppli]1 contractor1 or          
subcontractor2  7,d7 deal+ ) or s]v+    
7includ+ refus+ to s]ve7 a %opp]1       
patron1 or cu/om]2  7,e7 access+1       
process+1 or grant+ 7includ+ d5y+7      
access to loans1 cr$it1 bond+1 or       
insurance2 &  7,f7 pur*as+1 leas+1      
sell+1 hold+1 or convey+ real or p]sonal
 prop]ty1  :e!r ! activities describ$ 9 
?is p>agraph occur on ! int]net1 at a   
physical location1 or ?r\gh any o!r     
m$ium4  7#c7 ,full & equal b5efit &     
enjoym5t ( economic activity ,! t]m full
 & equal b5efit & enjoym5t ( economic   
activity means ! b5efit or enjoym5t1    
respectively1 ( ! same b5efits1         
privileges1 advantages1 pref]5ces1      
opportunities1 t]ms1 conditions1 goods1 
s]vices1 facilities1 accommodations1    
s]vice & treatm5t1 employm5t1 & rights  
to make1 en=ce1 p]=m1 modify1 & t]m9ate 
contracts1 & fre$om f intimidation1     
h>assm5t1 & pr(il+ z :ite citiz5s b5efit
 f or enjoy1 respectively4  7#d7        
,includ+ ,! t]m includ+ means includ+1 b

 n limit$ to1 consi/5t ) ! t]m's /&>d   
mean+ 9 ,f$]al law4  7#e7 ,security (   
p]son & prop]ty ,! t]m security1 us$ )  
respect to p]son & prop]ty1 includes    
protection f physical h>m & a ?reat (   
h>m to "o's body or prop]ty1 &          
protection aga9/ exposure to or a       
disproportionate burd5 f ! negative     
human heal? & environm5tal impacts (    
pollution or an environm5tal haz>d4  7d7
 ,/atem5t ( equal rights ,all non,white 
p]sons )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates %all h ! same "r 9 e ,/ate &     
t]ritory z is enjoy$ by ,:ite citiz5s to
 ! full & equal b5efit & enjoym5t (     
economic activity1 to security ( _!     
p]sons & prop]ty1 to make & en=ce       
contracts1 includ+ c>ry+ out ! contract 
=mation process1 & to sue1 be p>ties1 & 
give evid5ce1 & to ! full & equal b5efit
 ( all laws & proce$+s1 & %all be       
subject1 9 comp>ison to ,:ite citiz5s1  
to l puni%m5t1 pa9s1 p5alties1 taxes1   
lic5ses1 & exactions ( e k9d1 & to no   
o!r4  7e7 ,discrim9atory effects also   

prohibit$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no p]son %all 
use a crit]ion1 me?od ( adm9i/ration1   
practice1 or policy t has a disp>ate    
impact 9 violation ( subsection 7d74    
7#b7 ,demon/ration ,a *all5g$ crit]ion1 
me?od ( adm9i/ration1 practice1 or      
policy t has an impact describ$ 9       
p>agraph 7#a7 %all be unju/ifiable      
unless its us] demon/rates t-- 7,a7 !   
use s]ves a legitimate purpose1 :i* is  
bo? requir$ by a sub/antial bus9ess     
necessity & n a pretext = discrim9ation2
 &  7,b7 if ! compla9+ p>ty pr(f]s an   
alt]native1 t t alt]native is ei!r      
inconsi/5t ) sub/antial bus9ess         
necessity or w\ld produce an equal or   
great] disp>ate impact on ! basis ( a   
classification protect$ by subsection   
7d74  7#c7 ,limitation on sub/antial    
bus9ess necessity def5se ,a demon/ration
 t a crit]ion1 me?od ( adm9i/ration1    
practice1 or policy is requir$ by a     
sub/antial bus9ess necessity may n be   
us$ z a def5se aga9/ a claim (          
int5tional discrim9ation "u ?is section4

  7f7 ,protection aga9/ impairm5t ,all  
rights protect$ by ?is section are      
protect$ aga9/ impairm5t by             
nongov]nm5tal discrim9ation & impairm5t 
"u color ( ,/ate law4  7g7 ,burd5 ( pro(
 = discrim9atory treatm5t actions  7#a7 
,protect$ classification ,9 ?is         
subsection1 ! t]m protect$              
classification means a classification   
protect$ by subsection 7d74  7#b7       
,demon/ration ,! equal rights gu>ante$  
"u subsection 7d7 %all be consid]$ to be
 d5i$ :5 ! compla9+ p>ty demon/rates t  
race or a protect$ classification 0 a   
motivat+ factor = ! d5ial ( su* rights  
ev5 ?\gh o!r factors also motivat$ !    
d5ial4 ,a d5ial ( equal rights gu>ante$ 
"u subsection 7d7 may be e/abli%$ )     
comp>ator evid5ce or any o!r evid5ce t  
suffici5tly demon/rates a d5ial ( su*   
rights1 includ+ evid5ce ( conduct t a   
reasonable p]son w\ld f9d racially      
ho/ile4  7h7 ,/&+ ,any p]son suff]+     
injury 9 fact z a result ( ! alleg$     
violation ( ?is section may br+ a claim 

or cause ( action = damages1 or =       
equitable or = decl>atory relief1 "u ?is
 section4 ,/&+ %all n be limit$ to      
victims :o 7 p>ties to1 or ?ird-p>ty    
b5efici>ies (1 a contract ) ! def5dant4 
7i7 ,respondeat sup]ior liability       
,pr9cipals %all be liable = violations (
 ?is section by _! ag5ts1 & local       
gov]nm5ts %all be liable = violations ( 
?is section by _! employees1 act+ )9 !  
scope ( _! duties4  7j7 ,jury trial "r  
,all p]sons )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$
 ,/ates %all h ! "r to en=ce a "r       
provid$ "u ?is section 9 a c\rt ( law & 
be=e a jury ( _! pe]s1 & no jo9t-action 
waiv] or pre-dispute arbitration        
agreem5t %all be valid or en=ceable )   
respect to any alleg$ violation ( ?is   
section4  7k7 ,/atute ( limitations ,all
 causes ( action "u ?is section %all be 
gov]n$ by ! #d-ye> /atute ( limitations 
provid$ by section #afeh7;a7 ( title    
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7l7 ,rem$iat+
 pa/ discrim9ation ,no?+ 9 ?is section  
%all be con/ru$ to prohibit or limit a  

lawful ef=t1 "u a provision o!r ?an ?is 
section1 to rem$y ! effects (           
discrim9ation t has occurr$ or is       
occurr+4  4  #c4 ,application to claims 
,?is ,act1 & ! am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1
 %all apply to all claims ( violations (
 section #aigg ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes t   
are p5d+ on or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( 
?is ,act4  #d4 ,sev]ability ,if any     
provision ( ?is ,act1 an am5dm5t made by
 ?is ,act1 or ! application ( su*       
provision or am5dm5t to any p]son or    
circum/ance is held to be               
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act1 !
 am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 & !         
application ( su* provision or am5dm5t  
to any p]son or circum/ance %all n be   
affect$ !reby4