,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #baee  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #ba1 #bjba,mr4   
,w>nock 7= himself1 ,ms4 ,klobu*>1 ,mr4 
,m]kley1 ,mr4 ,w>n]1 & ,mr4 ,oss(f7     
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,rules
 & ,adm9i/ration  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d   
title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 & !     
,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act ( #bjjb to     
provide increas$ protections = election 
work]s & vot]s 9 elections = ,f$]al     
(fice1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort     
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,prev5t+
 ,election ,subv]sion ,act ( #bjba4  #b4
 ,h>assm5t ( election (ficials prohibit$
  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #bi ( title #ah1  
,unit$ #f ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+
 at ! end ! foll[+ new section3  #fab4  
,h>assm5t ( election-relat$ (ficials    
7a7 ,h>assm5t ( election work]s ,x %all 
be unlawful = any p]son1 :e!r act+ "u   
color ( law or o!rwise1 to intimidate1  
?reat51 co]ce1 h>ass1 or attempt to     
intimidate1 ?reat51 co]ce or h>ass an   

election work] describ$ 9 subsection 7b7
 ) int5t to imp$e1 intimidate1 or       
int]f]e ) su* (ficial :ile engag$ 9 !   
p]=mance ( (ficial duties1 or ) int5t to
 retaliate aga9/ su* (ficial on acc\nt (
 ! p]=mance ( (ficial duties4  7b7      
,election work] describ$ ,an election   
work] z describ$ 9 ?is section is any   
individual :o is an election (ficial1   
poll work]1 or an election volunte] 9   
connection ) an election = a ,f$]al     
(fice4  7c7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o       
violates subsection 7a7 %all be f9$ n m 
?an #ajj1jjj1 imprison$ = n m ?an #e    
ye>s1 or bo?4  4  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t  
,! table ( sections = *apt] #bi ( title 
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new item3  #fab4 
,h>assm5t ( election-relat$ (ficials4  4
  #c4 ,protection ( election work]s     
,p>agraph 7#b7 ( section #aai7;b7 (     
title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is      
am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ or at ! end (     
subp>agraph 7,c72  7#b7 by add+ or at ! 
end ( subp>agraph 7,d72 &  7#c7 by add+ 

at ! end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3  7,e7
 any individual :o is an election       
(ficial1 a poll work]1 or an election   
volunte] 9 connection ) an election = a 
,f$]al (fice2  4  #d4 ,re/rictions on   
removal ( local election adm9i/rators 9 
adm9i/ration ( elections = ,f$]al (fice 
7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress makes ! foll[+     
f9d+s3 7#a7 ,congress has explicit &    
broad au?ority to regulate ! "t1 place1 
& mann] ( ,f$]al elections "u !         
,elections ,clause "u article ,i1       
section #d1 clause #a ( ! ,con/itution1 
includ+ by e/abli%+ /&>ds = ! fair1     
imp>tial1 & uni=m adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al 
elections by ,/ate & local (ficials4    
7#b7 ,! ,elections ,clause 0 und]/ood f 
! fram+ ( ! ,con/itution to conta9 words
 ( great latitude1 grant+ ,congress     
broad p[] ov] ,f$]al elections & a pl5>y
 "r to preempt ,/ate regulation 9 ?is   
area4 ,z made cle> at ! ,con/itutional  
,conv5tion & ! ,/ate ratification       
debates t foll[$1 ?is grant (           
congressional au?ority 0 meant to insure

 free & fair elections1 promote ! uni=m 
adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al elections1 &      
8pres]ve & re/ore to ! p _! equal &     
sacr$ rights ( election404  7#c7 ,9 !   
f\nd+ debates on ! ,elections ,clause1  
_m delegates also argu$ t a broad grant 
( au?ority to ,congress ov] ,f$]al      
elections 0 necess>y to *eck any abuses 
t might be made ( ! discretion>y p[] to 
regulate ! "t1 place1 & mann] (         
elections grant$ ! ,/ates1 includ+      
attempts at p>tisan entr5*m5t1          
malapportionm5t1 & ! exclusion (        
political m9orities4 ,z ! ,supreme ,c\rt
 has recogniz$1 ! ,elections ,clause    
emp[]s ,congress to 8protect ! elections
 on :i* its exi/5ce dep5ds10 ,ex p>te   
,y>br\gh1 #aaj ,u4,s4 #fea1 #feh        
7#ahhd71 & protect ! citiz5 9 ! ex]cise 
( rights conf]r$ by ! ,con/itution ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates ess5tial to ! heal?y      
organization ( ! gov]nm5t itself1 id4 at
 #fff4  7#d7 ,! ,elections ,clause      
grants ,congress pl5>y & p>am\nt        
jurisdiction ov] ! :ole subject ( ,f$]al

 elections1 ,ex p>te ,siebold1 #ajj     
,u4,s4 #cga1 #chh 7#ahgi71 all[+        
,congress to implem5t a complete code = 
congressional elections4 ,smiley v4     
,holm1 #bhe ,u4,s4 #cee1 #cff 7#aicb74  
,! ,elections ,clause1 unlike1 =        
example1 ! ,comm]ce ,clause1 has be5    
f\nd to grant ,congress ! au?ority to   
compel ,/ates to alt] _! regulations z  
to ,f$]al elections1 id4 at id4 at      
#cff-fg1 ev5 if ^! alt]ations w\ld      
impose additional co/s on ! ,/ates to   
execute or en=ce4 ,association (        
,community ,organizations = ,re=m ,n[ v4
 ,mill]1 #abi ,f4#c;d #hcc 7#f? ,cir4   
#aiig74  7#e7 ,! phrase mann] ( hold+   
elections 9 ! ,elections ,clause has be5
 int]pret$ by ! ,supreme ,c\rt to       
au?orize ,congress to regulate all      
aspects ( ! ,f$]al election process1    
includ+ notices1 regi/ration1 sup]vision
 ( vot+1 protection ( vot]s1 prev5tion (
 fraud & corrupt practices1 c\nt+ (     
votes1 duties ( inspectors & canvass]s1 
& ! mak+ & publication ( election       

returns4 ,smiley v4 ,holm1 #bhe ,u4,s4  
#cee1 #cff 7#aicb74  7#f7 ,! ,supreme   
,c\rt has recogniz$ ! broad sub/antive  
scope ( ! ,elections ,clause & upheld   
,f$]al laws promulgat$ !reund] regulat+ 
r$i/rict+1 vot] regi/ration1 campaign   
f9ance1 prim>y elections1 rec\nts1 p>ty 
affiliation rules1 & ballot+4  7#g7 ,!  
au?ority ( ,congress "u ! ,elections    
,clause also entails ! p[] to ensure    
en=cem5t ( its laws regulat+ ,f$]al     
elections4 ,if ,congress has ! p[] to   
make regulations1 x mu/ h ! p[] to en=ce
 !m4 ,ex p>te ,siebold1 #ajj ,u4,s4     
#cga1 #chg 7#ahgi74 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt   
has not$ t !re c be no "q t ,congress   
may impose additional p5alties = (f5ses 
committ$ by ,/ate (fic]s 9 connection ) 
,f$]al elections ev5 if !y diff] f !    
p5alties prescrib$ by ,/ate law = ! same
 acts4 ,id4 at #chg-hh4  7#h7 ,! fair & 
imp>tial adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al elections
 by ,/ate & local (ficials is c5tral to 
! successful work+ ( ?is gov]nm5t1 ,ex  
p>te ,y>br\gh1 #aaj ,u4,s4 #fea1 #fff   

7#ahhd71 & to protect ! act ( vot+ 4 4 4
 & ! election itself f corruption or    
fraud1 id4 at #ffa-fb4  7#i7 ,!         
,elections ,clause ?us grants ,congress 
! au?ority to ensure t ! adm9i/ration ( 
,f$]al elections is free ( political    
bias or discrim9ation & t election      
(ficials are insulat$ f political       
influ5ce or o!r =ms ( co]cion 9 dis*>g+ 
_! duties 9 connection ) ,f$]al         
elections4  7#aj7 ,9 "s ,/ates1 ov]sight
 ( local election adm9i/rators has be5  
allocat$ to ,/ate ,election ,bo>ds1 or  
special commissions =m$ by ^? bo>ds1 t  
are appo9t$ by ! prevail+ political p>ty
 9 a ,/ate1 z oppos$ to nonp>tisan or   
elect$ (fice hold]s4  7#aa7 ,9 c]ta9    
newly enact$ ,/ate policies1 ^! appo9t$ 
/atewide election adm9i/rators h be5    
grant$ wide latitude to susp5d or remove
 local election adm9i/rators 9 cases :]e
 ! /atewide election adm9i/rators       
id5tify :atev] ! ,/ate deems to be a    
violation4 ,!re is no requirem5t t !re  
be a f9d+ ( int5t by ! local election   

adm9i/rator to commit ! violation4      
7#ab7 ,local election adm9i/rators      
across ! c\ntry c be susp5d$ or remov$  
accord+ to diff]5t /&>ds1 pot5tially    
expos+ !m to diff]5t political pressures
 or biases t c\ld result 9 unev5        
adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al elections4  7#ac7 
,! ,elections ,clause grants ,congress !
 ultimate au?ority to ensure t ov]sight 
( ,/ate & local election adm9i/rators is
 fair & imp>tial 9 ord] to ensure       
equitable & uni=m adm9i/ration ( ,f$]al 
elections4  7b7 ,re/riction  7#a7 ,/&>d 
= removal ( a local election adm9i/rator
 ,a /atewide election adm9i/rator may   
only susp5d1 remove1 or relieve ! duties
 ( a local election adm9i/rator 9 !     
,/ate ) respect to ! adm9i/ration ( an  
election = ,f$]al (fice = ineffici5cy1  
neglect ( duty1 or malfeasance 9 (fice4 
7#b7 ,private "r ( action  7,a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,any local election adm9i/rator        
susp5d$1 remov$1 or o!rwise reliev$ (   
duties 9 violation ( p>agraph 7#a7 )    
respect to ! adm9i/ration ( an election 

= ,f$]al (fice or aga9/ :om any proce$+ 
= susp5sion1 removal1 or relief f duty 9
 violation ( p>agraph 7#a7 ) respect to 
! adm9i/ration ( an election = ,f$]al   
(fice may be p5d+1 may br+ an action 9  
an appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates = decl>atory or injunctive relief
 ) respect to ! violation4 ,any su*     
action %all "n z ! def5dant ! /atewide  
election adm9i/rator responsible = !    
adv]se action4 ,! di/rict c\rt %all1 to 
! ext5t practicable1 exp$ite any su*    
proce$+4  7,b7 ,/atute ( limitations    
,any action br\ght "u ?is subsection mu/
 be comm5c$ n lat] ?an "o ye> aft] !    
date ( ! susp5sion1 removal1 relief f   
duties1 or comm5cem5t ( ! proce$+ to    
remove1 susp5d1 or relieve ! duties ( a 
local election adm9i/rator ) respect to 
! adm9i/ration ( an election = ,f$]al   
(fice4  7#c7 ,attorney's fees ,9 any    
action or proce$+ "u ?is subsection1 !  
c\rt may all[ a prevail+ pla9tiff1 o!r  
?an ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 reasonable         
attorney's fees z "p ( ! co/s1 & may    

include exp]t fees z "p ( ! attorney's  
fee4 ,! t]m prevail+ pla9tiff means a   
pla9tiff t sub/antially prevails        
pursuant to a judicial or adm9i/rative  
judgm5t or ord]1 or an en=ceable writt5 
agreem5t4  7#d7 ,removal ( ,/ate        
proce$+s to ,f$]al c\rt ,a local        
election adm9i/rator :o is subject to an
 adm9i/rative or judicial proce$+ =     
susp5sion1 removal1 or relief f duty by 
a /atewide election adm9i/rator )       
respect to ! adm9i/ration ( an election 
= ,f$]al (fice may remove ! proce$+ to  
an appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates4 ,any ord] rem&+ a case to !     
,/ate c\rt or ag5cy f :i* x 0 remov$ "u 
?is subsection %all be reviewable by    
appeal or o!rwise4  7#e7 ,"r ( ,unit$   
,/ates to int]v5e  7,a7 ,notice to      
,attorney ,g5]al ,:5ev] any adm9i/rative
 or judicial proce$+ is br\ght to       
susp5d1 remove1 or relieve ! duties (   
any local election adm9i/rator by a     
/atewide election adm9i/rator ) respect 
to ! adm9i/ration ( an election = ,f$]al

 (fice1 ! /atewide election adm9i/rator 
:o initiat$ su* proce$+ %all deliv] a   
copy ( ! plead+s in/itut+ ! proce$+ to !
 ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al = ! ,civil  
,rights ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,ju/ice4 ,! local election adm9i/rator  
aga9/ :om su* proce$+ is br\ght may also
 deliv] su* plead+s to ! ,assi/ant      
,attorney ,g5]al4  7,b7 ,"r to int]v5e  
,! ,unit$ ,/ates may int]v5e 9 any      
adm9i/rative or judicial proce$+ br\ght 
to susp5d1 remove1 or relieve ! duties (
 any local election adm9i/rator by a    
/atewide election adm9i/rator ) respect 
to ! adm9i/ration ( an election = ,f$]al
 (fice & 9 any action initiat$ pursuant 
to p>agraph 7#b7 or 9 any removal       
pursuant to p>agraph 7#d74  7#f7        
,def9itions ,9 ?is section1 ! foll[+    
def9itions apply3 7,a7 ,election ,! t]m 
election has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9       
section #cja7a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,election    
,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4   
#cjaja7a774  7,b7 ,f$]al (fice ,! t]m   
,f$]al (fice has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9   

section #cja7c7 ( ! ,f$]al ,election    
,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4   
#cjaja7c774  7,c7 ,local election       
adm9i/rator ,! t]m local election       
adm9i/rator means1 ) respect to a local 
jurisdiction 9 a ,/ate1 ! individual or 
entity responsible = ! adm9i/ration (   
elections = ,f$]al (fice 9 ! local      
jurisdiction4  7,d7 ,/atewide election  
adm9i/rator ,! t]m ,/atewide election   
adm9i/rator means1 ) respect to a ,/ate1
 ! individual or entity responsible = ! 
adm9i/ration ( elections = ,f$]al (fice 
9 ! ,/ate on a /atewide basis4  #e4     
,protections = vot]s on ,election ,day  
7a7 ,requirem5t ,subtitle ,a ( title    
,,iii ( ! ,help ,am]ica ,vote ,act (    
#bjjb 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #bajha et seq47 is 
am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #cjc !     
foll[+ new section3  #cjc;,a4 ,vot]     
protection requirem5ts  7a7 ,requirem5ts
 = *all5ges by p]sons o!r ?an election  
(ficials  7#a7 ,requirem5ts = *all5ges  
,no p]son1 o!r ?an a ,/ate or local     
election (ficial1 %all submit a =mal    

*all5ge to an individual's eligibility  
to regi/] to vote 9 an election = ,f$]al
 (fice or to vote 9 an election = ,f$]al
 (fice unless t *all5ge is support$ by  
p]sonal k ) respect to ea* individual   
*all5g$ reg>d+ ! gr\nds = ineligibility 
:i* is-- 7,a7 docum5t$ 9 writ+2 &  7,b7 
subject to an oa? or atte/ation "u      
p5alty ( p]jury t ! *all5g] has a good  
fai? factual basis to believe t !       
individual :o is ! subject ( ! *all5ge  
is ineligible to regi/] to vote or vote 
9 t election1 except a *all5ge :i* is   
bas$ on ! age1 race1 e?nicity1 or       
national orig9 ( ! individual :o is !   
subject ( ! *all5ge may n be consid]$ to
 h a good fai? factual basis = purposes 
( ?is subp>agraph4  7#b7 ,prohibition on
 *all5ges on or ne> date ( election ,no 
p]son1 o!r ?an a ,/ate or local election
 (ficial1 %all be p]mitt$-- 7,a7 to     
*all5ge an individual's eligibility to  
vote 9 an election = ,f$]al (fice on any
 day on :i* ! individual votes 9 p]son  
on gr\nds t c\ld h be5 made 9 advance ( 

su* day1 or  7,b7 to *all5ge an         
individual's eligibility to regi/] to   
vote 9 an election = ,f$]al (fice or to 
vote 9 an election = ,f$]al (fice less  
?an #aj days be=e ! election unless !   
individual regi/]$ to vote less ?an #bj 
days be=e ! election4  7b7 ,buff] rule  
,a p]son :o is s]v+ z a poll obs]v] )   
respect to an election = ,f$]al (fice   
may n come )9 #h feet ( a vot] or ballot
 at a poll+ location dur+ any p]iod (   
vot+ 7includ+ any p]iod ( e>ly vot+7 9  
su* election4  7c7 ,effective date ,?is 
section %all apply ) respect to         
elections = ,f$]al (fice occurr+ on &   
aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjbb4  4  7b7 ,con=m+ 
am5dm5t relat+ to volunt>y guidance     
,section #caa7;b7 ( su* ,act 7#eb       
,u4,s4,c4 #baaja7;b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by
 /rik+ & at ! end ( p>agraph 7#b72  7#b7
 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end ( p>agraph   
7#c7 & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3  7#c7 9 !    
case ( ! recomm5dations ) respect to    
section #cjc;,a1 ,june #cj1 #bjbb4  4   

7c7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t relat+ to en=cem5t  
,section #dja ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 
#baaaa7 is am5d$ by /rik+ & #cjc &      
ins]t+ #cjc1 & #cjc;,a4  7d7 ,cl]ical   
am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts ( su* ,act is
 am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to  
section #cjc ! foll[+3  ,sec4 #cjc;,a4  
,vot] protection requirem5ts4  4