,,ii #aag? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 #bjci ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,june #ad1 #bjba ,mr4 ,lee 7= himself & ,mr4 ,grassley7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ,a ,,bill ,to improve ! antitru/ laws1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,t\gh] ,en=cem5t ,aga9/ ,monopoli/s ,act or ! ,,team ,act4 #b4 ,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4 #b4 ,table ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #c4 ,def9itions4 ,,title ,i--,"o ag5cy ,sec4 #aja4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4 #ajb4 ,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #ajc4 ,def9itions4 ,sec4 #ajd4 ,transf] ( antitru/ en=cem5t functions f ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4 ,sec4 #aje4 ,removal ( review au?ority f ,f$]al ,communications ,commission & ,/ate entities4 ,sec4 #ajf4 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5ts4 ,sec4 #ajg4 ,effective date4 ,,title ,,ii--,m]g]s ,sec4 #bja4 ,prem]g] notification fil+ fees4 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,m]g] presumptions4 ,sec4 #bjc4 ,m]g] notification requirem5ts4 ,,title ,,iii--,competition policy ,sec4 #cja4 ,competitive impact /atem5t4 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,writt5 explanations ( en=cem5t & non-en=cem5t actions4 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,/udies4 ,sec4 #cjd4 ,monopsony guidel9es4 ,,title ,,iv--,re/or+ bo>d immunity ,sec4 #dja4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4 #djb4 ,/atem5t ( f9d+s & purpose4 ,sec4 #djc4 ,def9itions4 ,sec4 #djd4 ,antitru/ immunity4 ,sec4 #dje4 ,active sup]vision4 ,sec4 #djf4 ,judicial review4 ,,title ,v--,o!r improvem5ts to antitru/ laws ,sec4 #eja4 ,ov]turn+ ,ill9ois ,brick & ,hanov] ,%oe4 ,sec4 #ejb4 ,limitations on impli$ immunity f ! antitru/ laws4 ,sec4 #ejc4 ,prejudgm5t int]e/4 ,sec4 #ejd4 ,safe h>bor = ef=ts to facilitate data portability & int]op]ability4 ,sec4 #eje4 ,/udy ( assign+ all antitru/ cases to c]ta9 di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sec4 #ejf4 ,balanc+ h>m & b5efits4 ,sec4 #ejg4 ,actions on behalf ( consum]s "u ,%]man ,act4 ,sec4 #ejh4 ,civil f9es = kn[+ violations ( ! antitru/ laws4 ,sec4 #eji4 ,direct evid5ce ( int5t to avoid or re/rict competition4 ,sec4 #eaj4 ,limit on contract+4 ,sec4 #eaa4 ,prohibit+ discrim9ation 9 di/ribution4 ,sec4 #eab4 ,au?orizations ( appropriations4 #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,antitru/ laws ,! t]m antitru/ laws means-- 7,a7 ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq472 & 7,b7 ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab et seq474 7#b7 ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al ,! t]m ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al means ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al = ! ,antitru/ ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4 7#c7 ,executive ag5cy ,! t]m ,executive ag5cy has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #aje ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,i ,"o ag5cy #aja4 ,%ort title ,?is title may be cit$ z ! ,"o ,ag5cy ,act4 #ajb4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to promote ! vigor\s1 effective1 & effici5t en=cem5t ( ! antitru/ laws4 7#b7 ,! ov]lapp+ antitru/ en=cem5t jurisdiction ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice & ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission has wa/$ taxpay] res\rces1 hamp]$ en=cem5t ef=ts1 & caus$ unc]ta9ty = bus9esses & consum]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#c7 ,x is pref]able t prim>y ,f$]al responsibility = en=c+ ! antitru/ laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates be giv5 to a s+le ag5cy1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice is be/ suit$ to d s4 #ajc4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is title3 7#a7 ,commission ,! t]m ,commission means ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission4 7#b7 ,effective date ,! t]m effective date means ! date describ$ 9 section #ajg4 7#c7 ,,ftc antitru/ action ,! t]m ,,ftc antitru/ action means any litigation or adm9i/rative proce$+ initiat$ by ! ,commission t-- 7,a7 is sup]vis$ by an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit2 or 7,b7 relates to ! antitru/ laws or section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! effective date4 7#d7 ,,ftc antitru/ assets ,! t]m ,,ftc antitru/ assets-- 7,a7 means all electronic or tangible records & files relat+ to matt]s sup]vis$1 z well z any physical assets or equipm5t own$ & us$ or reta9$1 by an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit2 & 7,b7 does n include any (fice space or leas$ facilities or equipm5t4 7#e7 ,,ftc antitru/ employee ,! t]m ,,ftc antitru/ employee means an individual :o on ! day be=e ! effective date is employ$ by ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & assign$ to an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit4 7#f7 ,,ftc antitru/ function ,! t]m ,,ftc antitru/ function means a function ( ! ,commission relat+ to ! antitru/ laws or unfair me?ods ( competition "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! effective date4 7#g7 ,,ftc antitru/ fund+ ,! t]m ,,ftc antitru/ fund+ means-- 7,a7 all am\nts appropriat$ be=e ! effective date by an ,act ( ,congress to ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission t are designat$1 by ,congress or ! ,commission1 = an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit2 & 7,b7 all fees collect$ by ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission be=e ! effective date "u section #g;,a ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7 & rules issu$ "u t section4 7#h7 ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit ,! t]m ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit means-- 7,a7 ! ,bureau ( ,competition ( ! ,commission2 & 7,b7 ea* division ( ! ,bureau ( ,economics ( ! ,commission t is designat$ to "w on ,,ftc antitru/ actions4 7#i7 ,function ,! t]m function means any duty1 obligation1 p[]1 au?ority1 responsibility1 "r1 privilege1 activity1 or program4 7#aj7 ,transition p]iod ,! t]m transition p]iod means ! p]iod beg9n+ on ! effective date ( ?is title & end+ on ! lat] (-- 7,a7 ! date t is #a ye> aft] ! effective date ( ?is title2 or 7,b7 ! date t is #ahj days aft] ! date describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 :i* may be ext5d$ by ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al once = an additional #ahj days1 if ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al det]m9es t a p]iod long] ?an ! p]iod describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 is necess>y to avoid h>m to ! int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ! effective en=cem5t ( ! antitru/ laws4 #ajd4 ,transf] ( antitru/ en=cem5t functions f ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice 7a7 ,transf] ( functions 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#c77;,d71 !re %all be transf]r$ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice all ,,ftc antitru/ functions1 ,,ftc antitru/ employees1 ,,ftc antitru/ assets1 & ,,ftc antitru/ fund+ on ! e>li] (-- 7,a7 ! date det]m9$ by ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al "u p>agraph 7#b77;,b72 or 7,b7 ! end ( ! transition p]iod4 7#b7 ,requirem5t ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 tak+ c>e to m9imize disruption to ongo+ en=cem5t matt]s & 9 consultation z necess>y ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ! ,(fice ( ,p]sonnel ,managem5t1 ! ,g5]al ,s]vices ,adm9i/ration1 & ! ,*airman ( ! ,commission1 %all-- 7,a7 take all necess>y actions to complete implem5tation ( ?is title be=e ! end ( ! transition p]iod2 & 7,b7 det]m9e ! dates c]ta91 :i* may n be e>li] ?an ! effective date nor lat] ?an ! end ( ! transition p]iod1 on :i* ! transf]s "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all occur4 7#c7 ,p]sonnel 7,a7 ,assignm5t ,an ,,ftc antitru/ employee transf]r$ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice "u ?is title %all be assign$ to ! ,antitru/ ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4 7,b7 ,effect on p]sonnel ,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c71 ! transf] "u ?is title ( an ,,ftc antitru/ employee %all n cause ! employee to be sep>at$ or r$uc$ 9 grade or comp5sation = #a ye> aft] ! transf] date4 7,c7 ,executive s*$ule ,not)/&+ subp>agraph 7,b71 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al may appo9t an ,,ftc antitru/ employee 9 a ,s5ior ,executive ,s]vice position1 z def9$ 9 section #cacb ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to a position )9 ! ,antitru/ ,division rate payable = a position at level #ae1 /ep #aj ( ! ,g5]al ,s*$ule4 7,d7 ,volunt>y nontransf] ( p]sonnel ,not)/&+ p>agraph 7#a71 an ,,ftc antitru/ employee may1 ) ! cons5t ( ! ,*airman ( ! ,commission1 elect to rema9 an employee ( ! ,commission assign$ to a non-,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit4 7,e7 ,(fice space ,^u reque/ f ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 & 9 consultation z necess>y ) ! ,g5]al ,s]vices ,adm9i/ration1 ! ,commission %all all[ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice to use any (fice space or leas$ facilities previ\sly us$ by ,,ftc antitru/ employees until su* "t z ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice may provide its own (fice space or facilities4 ,aft] ! transf] ( ,,ftc antitru/ fund+ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice %all comp5sate ! ,commission = ! co/s ( ! use ( su* (fice space or leas$ facilities4 7,f7 ,re/ructur+ ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al is au?oriz$ to re/ructure ! ,antitru/ ,division be=e ! expiration ( ! transition p]iod1 z ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al det]m9es is appropriate1 to c>ry out ! purposes ( ?is title & accompli% ! effici5t en=cem5t ( ! antitru/ laws4 7#d7 ,antitru/ actions 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,z soon z is reasonably practicable dur+ ! transition p]iod1 all op5 inve/igations1 litigations1 matt]s1 or o!r proce$+s be+ sup]vis$ by an ,,ftc antitru/ unit & relat+ to ! antitru/ laws or unfair me?ods ( competition "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! effective date1 %all be transf]r$ to & assum$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4 7,b7 ,h&l+ ( c]ta9 adm9i/rative proce$+s ,adm9i/rative proce$+s t 7 initiat$ by ! ,commission1 7 unresolv$ z ( ! fir/ day ( ! transition p]iod1 & relate to en=cem5t ( ! antitru/ laws or unfair me?ods ( competition "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! effective date1 %all be treat$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 7i7 ,any su* proce$+ p5d+ be=e an adm9i/rative law judge %all be dismiss$ )\t prejudice & ! matt] %all be ref]r$ to ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al4 7ii7 ,= any su* proce$+ p5d+ on appeal be=e ! ,commission1 ! adm9i/rative appeal %all cease1 ! rul+ ( ! adm9i/rative law judge %all be treat$ z ! f9al decision ( ! ,commission1 & ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ,circuit %all h jurisdiction ov] any appeal !refrom4 7,c7 ,int]v5tion 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any ,,ftc antitru/ action be=e a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ( ! fir/ day ( ! transition p]iod1 ! c\rt %all all[ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice to-- 7,i7 int]v5e & assume repres5tation ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t f ! ,commission2 & 7,,ii7 am5d any compla9t orig9ally br\ght by ! ,commission = ! purpose ( alleg+ violations ( /atutes o!r ?an ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act z necess>y & :]e appropriate4 7ii7 ,s*$ul+ ord] ^u reque/ ,^u ! reque/ ( ! ,commission or ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 & 9 consultation ) all p>ties to ! matt]1 ! c\rt %all issue an ord] mak+ su* s*$ul+ adju/m5ts z necess>y to facilitate ! transf] ( prosecutorial responsibilities "u ?is subp>agraph4 7,d7 ,cons5t decrees ,at ! end ( ! transition p]iod1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice %all h sole au?ority to en=ce violations (1 approve modifications to1 or resc9d any cons5t decree ent]$ into by ! ,commission be=e ! effective date t conc]ns conduct alleg$ to violate ! antitru/ laws or unfair me?ods ( competition "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! effective date4 7#e7 ,au?ority to conduct inve/igative /udies 7,a7 ,reports ( p]sons1 p>tn]%ips1 & corporations 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice may require1 by g5]al or special ord]s1 p]sons1 p>tn]%ips1 & corporations1 engag$ 9 or ^: bus9ess affects comm]ce to file ) ! ,dep>tm5t 9 su* =m z ! ,dep>tm5t may prescribe annual or special reports or answ]s 9 writ+ to specific que/ions1 furni%+ to ! ,dep>tm5t su* in=mation z ! ,dep>tm5t may require z to ! organization1 bus9ess1 conduct1 practices1 managem5t1 & relation to o!r corporations1 p>tn]%ips1 & individuals ( ! respective p]sons1 p>tn]%ips1 & corporations fil+ su* reports or answ]s 9 writ+4 7ii7 ,oa? ,reports & answ]s requir$ "u clause 7i7 %all-- 7,i7 be made "u oa? or o!rwise z ! ,dep>tm5t may prescribe2 7,,ii7 p]ta9 solely to competition or ! application ( ! antitru/ laws2 & 7,,iii7 be fil$ ) ! ,dep>tm5t )9 su* reasonable p]iod z ! ,dep>tm5t may prescribe1 unless additional "t be grant$ 9 any case by ! ,dep>tm5t4 7,b7 ,publication ( in=mation or reports 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 clause 7ii71 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice-- 7,i7 %all make public f "t to "t su* portions ( ! in=mation obta9$ by ! ,dep>tm5t "u ?is p>agraph z are 9 ! public int]e/2 7,,ii7 may make annual & special reports to ,congress t include recomm5dations = additional legislation2 & 7,,iii7 %all provide = ! publication ( reports & decisions ( ! ,dep>tm5t 9 su* =m & mann] z may be be/ adapt$ = public in=mation & use4 7ii7 ,prohibition aga9/ publication ( privileg$ or confid5tial in=mation 7,i7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 subclause 7,,ii71 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice %all n make public any trade secret or any comm]cial or f9ancial in=mation t is obta9$ f any p]son & t is privileg$ or confid5tial4 7,,ii7 ,exception ,! ,dep>tm5t may disclose in=mation describ$ 9 subclause 7,i7 to-- 7aa7 (fic]s & employees ( appropriate ,f$]al law en=cem5t ag5cies or to any (fic] or employee ( any ,/ate law en=cem5t ag5cy ^u ! prior c]tification ( an (fic] ( any su* ,f$]al or ,/ate law en=cem5t ag5cy t su* in=mation w be ma9ta9$ 9 confid5ce & w be us$ only = (ficial law en=cem5t purposes2 or 7bb7 any (fic] or employee ( any =eign law en=cem5t ag5cy "u ! same circum/ances t mak+ mat]ial available to =eign law en=cem5t ag5cies is p]mitt$ "u section #ba7;b7 ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eg;b-#b7;b774 7#f7 ,b5efit ( ,antitru/ ,division ,all ,,ftc antitru/ assets & ,,ftc antitru/ fund+ transf]r$ "u ?is subsection %all be = ! exclusive use & b5efit ( ! ,antitru/ ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4 7b7 ,transition p]iod 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 beg9n+ on ! effective date1 ! ,commission may n-- 7,a7 hire or assign an employee to an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit2 7,b7 op5 a new inve/igation or matt] )9 an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,unit or relat+ to antitru/ en=cem5t2 7,c7 )\t ! approval ( ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 ent] into a cons5t decree1 ent] into a settlem5t agreem5t1 or o!rwise resolve an ,,ftc antitru/ action2 or 7,d7 initiate a new ,,ftc antitru/ action4 7#b7 ,en=cem5t on behalf ( ! dep>tm5t ( ju/ice ,not)/&+ p>agraph 7#a71 dur+ ! transition p]iod1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al may deputize an ,,ftc ,antitru/ ,employee to inve/igate or prosecute an alleg$ violation ( ! antitru/ laws on behalf ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice be=e ! completion ( ! transf] ( p]sonnel "u subsection 7a77#c74 7#c7 ,same rights & obligations 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 dur+ ! transition p]iod all ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice employees "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all h ! same rights & obligations ) respect to confid5tial in=mation submitt$ to ! ,commission z ,,ftc antitru/ employees on ! day be=e ! effective date4 7,b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is p>agraph may be con/ru$ z imply+ any *ange to ! rights & obligations describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 z a result ( ?is title4 7c7 ,agreem5ts ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 9 consultation ) ! ,*airman ( ! ,commission1 %all-- 7#a7 review any agreem5ts betwe5 ! ,commission & any o!r ,f$]al ag5cy or any =eign law en=cem5t ag5cy2 & 7#b7 be=e ! end ( ! transition p]iod1 seek to am5d1 transf]1 or resc9d su* agreem5ts z necess>y & appropriate to c>ry out ?is title1 endeavor+ to complete su* am5dm5t1 transf]1 or resc9dm5t ) all due ha/e4 7d7 ,rules ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all1 pursuant to section #g;,a ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7 & 9 accordance ) section #eec ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 prescribe or am5d any rules z necess>y to c>ry out ?is title4 #aje4 ,removal ( review au?ority f ,f$]al ,communications ,commission & ,/ate entities 7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section-- 7#a7 ! t]m cov]$ transaction means any acquisition1 assignm5t1 or transf] ( control (-- 7,a7 any lic5se1 au?orization1 or l9e subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq472 or 7,b7 any au?orization1 c]tificate1 fran*ise1 or o!r in/rum5t issu$ by a ,/ate commission or fran*is+ au?ority2 & 7#b7 ! t]ms ,/ate commission & fran*is+ au?ority h ! mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9 sections #c & #fjb1 respectively1 ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #aec1 #ebb74 7b7 ,review ( communications transactions 7#a7 ,sole responsibility ( ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice ,not)/&+ any provision ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq47 or any law or regulation ( a ,/ate or political subdivision !re(1 ! review ( ! competitive impact ( any propos$ cov]$ transaction %all be solely ! responsibility ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice pursuant to ! antitru/ laws1 & nei!r ! ,f$]al ,communications ,commission nor any ,/ate commission or fran*is+ au?ority %all h any au?ority to conduct su* review4 7#b7 ,consultation ,9 review+ ! competitive impact ( a propos$ cov]$ transaction1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all solicit & consid] ! views ( ! ,f$]al ,communications ,commission4 7c7 ,application ( public int]e/ /&>ds 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a det]m9ation ( ! ,f$]al ,communications ,commission describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b7 ) respect to a propos$ cov]$ transaction %all be limit$ to an assessm5t ( :e!r ! acquir]1 assignee1 or transf]ee meets ! te*nical1 f9ancial1 "*1 & citiz5%ip qualifications t ! ,commission has prescrib$ by rule "u ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq47 to hold t lic5se1 au?orization1 or l9e4 7#b7 ,det]m9ations ,a det]m9ation describ$ 9 ?is p>agraph is a det]m9ation pursuant to section #bad7;a7 or #caj7;d7 ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #bad7;a71 #caj7;d77 z to :e!r a propos$ cov]$ transaction w\ld s]ve ! public int]e/1 )\t reg>d to :e!r ! det]m9ation is phras$ z :e!r ! pres5t or future public conv5i5ce & necessity require or w require ! transaction or :e!r ! public int]e/1 conv5i5ce1 & necessity w be s]v$ by ! transaction4 #ajf4 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5ts 7a7 ,clayton ,act ,! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section #b 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ac7-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 9 subsection 7b71 by /rik+ ,commission & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#b7 9 section #e7;a7 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #af7;a771 9 ! second s5t5ce1 by /rik+ 1 except t1 9 any action or proce$+ br\ght "u ! antitru/ laws1 collat]al e/oppel effect %all n be giv5 to any f9d+ made by ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission "u ! antitru/ laws or "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act :i* c\ld give rise to a claim = relief "u ! antitru/ laws2 7#c7 9 section #g 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah7-- 7,a7 9 ! fir/ undesignat$ p>agraph1 by /rik+ & no p]son subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission %all acquire ! :ole or any "p ( ! assets ( ano!r p]son engag$ also 9 comm]ce or 9 any activity affect+ comm]ce2 & 7,b7 9 ! second undesignat$ p>agraph1 by /rik+ & no p]son subject to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission %all acquire ! :ole or any "p ( ! assets ( "o or m p]sons engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 any activity affect+ comm]ce2 7#d7 9 section #g;,a 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7i7 9 p>agraph 7#a77;,a71 9 ! matt] prec$+ clause 7i71 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission &2 & 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & !2 7,b7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7i7 9 p>agraph 7#f71 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission &2 & 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#h71 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission &2 7,c7 9 subsection 7d7-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission1 ) ! concurr5ce ( ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al & & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission &2 7,d7 9 subsection 7e7-- 7i7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,i7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission or !2 & 7,,ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ & ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission %all ea* & ins]t+ %all2 & 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission or !2 7,,ii7 by /rik+ its or'2 7,,iii7 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission or ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 & 7,,iv7 by /rik+ 1 z ! case may be12 7,e7 9 subsection 7f7-- 7i7 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission1 alleg+ t a propos$ acquisition violates section #g ( ?is ,act or section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act1 or an action is fil$ by2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission or2 7,f7 9 subsection 7g77#b71 9 ! matt] foll[+ subp>agraph 7,c71 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission or2 7,g7 9 subsection 7h71 by /rik+ or ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission2 7,h7 9 subsection 7i7-- 7i7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission or ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 & 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ or ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission2 & 7,j7 by /rik+ 1 ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act12 & 7#e7 9 section #h7;a77#e7 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ai7;a77#e771 9 ! second s5t5ce1 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7b7 ,*>itable ,gift ,annuity ,antitru/ ,relief ,act ( #aiie ,section #c7a7 ( ! ,*>itable ,gift ,annuity ,antitru/ ,relief ,act ( #aiie 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cg;a7#a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 1 except t su* t]m includes section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de7 to ! ext5t t su* section #e applies to unfair me?ods ( competition4 7c7 ,p5sion ,fund+ ,equity ,act ( #bjjd ,section #bjg7;b77#a77;,a77i7 ( ! ,p5sion ,fund+ ,equity ,act ( #bjjd 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cg;b7b77#a77;,a77i77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 1 except t su* t]m includes section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de7 to ! ext5t su* section #e applies to unfair me?ods ( competition4 7d7 ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act ,! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section #e 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de7-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7i7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ me?ods ( competition 9 or affect+ comm]ce1 & unfair2 7ii7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#c72 & 7iii7 by r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#d7 z p>agraph 7#c72 7,b7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7i7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 by /rik+ unfair me?od ( competition or2 & 7ii7 9 ! fif? s5t5ce-- 7,i7 by /rik+ ! me?od ( competition or2 & 7,,ii7 by /rik+ me?od ( competition or su*2 7,c7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7i7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce-- 7,i7 by /rik+ me?od ( competition or2 & 7,,ii7 by /rik+ me?od ( competition or !2 & 7ii7 9 ! ?ird s5t5ce1 by /rik+ or to competitors2 7,d7 by /rik+ subsection 7e72 7,e7 9 subsection 7g71 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#d72 & 7,f7 9 subsection 7n71 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 by /rik+ or to competition2 7#b7 9 section #f 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #df7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ subsections 7c7 ?r\gh 7e7 & 7i72 7,b7 by r$esignat+-- 7i7 subsections 7f71 7g71 & 7h7 z subsections 7c7 ?r\gh 7e71 respectively2 & 7ii7 subsections 7j7 ?r\gh 7l7 z subsections 7f7 ?r\gh 7h71 respectively2 7,c7 9 subsection 7f77#a71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+ o!r ?an ,f$]al antitru/ laws 7z def9$ 9 section #ab7e7 ( ! ,int]national ,antitru/ ,en=cem5t ,assi/ance ,act ( #aiid 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbaa7e77712 & 7,d7 9 subsection 7h77#b71 z s r$esignat$1 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ or competition2 7#c7 by repeal+ section #g 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #dg72 7#d7 9 section #aa 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ea71 by /rik+ antitru/ ,acts or ! ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 7#e7 9 section #ah 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eg;a7a77#b771 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce2 7#f7 9 section #bj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eg;b-#a7-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7i7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by /rik+ or 9 any antitru/ violations2 7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ or any provisions relat+ to antitru/ violations2 7iii7 9 p>agraph 7#g71 by /rik+ or any antitru/ violation2 & 7iv7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#h72 7,b7 9 subsection 7c77#a71 by /rik+ or to antitru/ violations12 & 7,c7 9 subsection 7j77#a71 by /rik+ 1 any proce$+ "u section #aa7;b7 ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ba7;b7712 7#g7 9 section #ba7;b77#f7 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eg;b-#b7;b77#f771 9 ! matt] foll[+ subp>agraph 7,d71 by /rik+ p>agraphs 7#e7 & 7#g7 & ins]t+ p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#f72 & 7#h7 9 section #ba;,a 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eg;b-#b;a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ subsection 7f72 7,b7 by r$esignat+ subsection 7g7 z subsection 7f72 7,c7 9 subsection 7f71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+ subsection 7g7 ea* place ! t]m appe>s & ins]t+ subsection 7f72 & 7,d7 9 section #bd 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eg;b-#e7;a771 by /rik+ = any conduct :i*1 because ( ! provisions ( ! ,act entitl$ ,an ,act to au?orize association ( produc]s ( agricultural products1 approv$ ,febru>y #ah1 #aibb 7#g ,u4,s4,c4 #bia et seq41 commonly kn[n z ! ,capp]-,vol/ead ,act71 is n a violation ( any ( ! antitru/ ,acts or ?is ,act4 7e7 ,webb-,pom]5e ,act ,! ,webb-,pom]5e ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fa et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by repeal+ section #d 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fd72 & 7#b7 9 section #e-- 7,a7 9 ! fir/ undesignat$ p>agraph-- 7i7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7ii7 9 ! second s5t5ce1 by /rik+ commission ea* place ! t]m appe>s & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,b7 9 ! second undesignat$ p>agraph-- 7i7 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ ! ?ird s5t5ce2 & 7,c7 by /rik+ ! ?ird undesignat$ p>agraph4 7f7 ,wool ,products ,label+ ,act ( #aici ,! ,wool ,products ,label+ ,act ( #aici 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fh et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ an unfair me?od ( competition1 & ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 & 7#b7 9 section #fh;g7b71 by /rik+ an unfair me?od ( competition &4 7g7 ,fur ,products ,label+ ,act ,! ,fur ,products ,label+ ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fi et seq47 is am5d$ by /rik+ an unfair me?od ( competition1 & ea* place ! t]m appe>s4 7h7 ,textile ,fib] ,products ,id5tification ,act ,! ,textile ,fib] ,products ,id5tification ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gj et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ an unfair me?od ( competition1 & ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 & 7#b7 9 section #c 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gj;a71 by /rik+ an unfair me?od ( competition & ea* place ! t]m appe>s4 7i7 ,antitru/ ,civil ,process ,act ,section #d7;d7 ( ! ,antitru/ ,civil ,process ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #acac7;d77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ 7#a7 ,:oev] & ins]t+ ,:oev]2 & 7#b7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#b74 7j7 ,int]national ,antitru/ ,en=cem5t ,assi/ance ,act ( #aiid ,! ,int]national ,antitru/ ,en=cem5t ,assi/ance ,act ( #aiid 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbja et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section #b 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbja71 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ & ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission2 7#b7 9 section #c7;b7 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbjb7;b771 by /rik+ & ! ,commission may1 us+ _! respective au?ority to inve/igate possible violations ( ! ,f$]al antitru/ laws1 & ins]t+ may2 7#c7 9 section #e7a7 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbjd7a771 by /rik+ or ! ,commission ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 7#d7 9 section #f 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbje7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ #f7;f7 & ins]t+ #f7;c72 7#e7 9 section #g 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbjf7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ 1 ) ! concurr5ce ( ! ,commission1 ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 & 7,b7 9 subsection 7c77#b77;,b71 by /rik+ & ! ,commission2 7#f7 9 section #h 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbjg7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,nei!r ! ,attorney ,g5]al nor ! ,commission may ea* place ! t]m appe>s & ins]t+ ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may n2 7,b7 9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission1 z ! case may be12 7,c7 9 subsection 7b71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 & 7,d7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7i7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission1 z ! case may be12 7#g7 9 section #aj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbji7-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ 1 ! ,commission12 & 7ii7 by /rik+ 7a7 ,9 ,g5]al4--,! & ins]t+ ,!2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ subsection 7b72 7#h7 9 section #ab 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbaa7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ & ! ,commission jo9tly det]m9e & ins]t+ det]m9es2 7,,ii7 by /rik+ jo9tly2 & 7,,iii7 by /rik+ & ! ,commission2 7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ & ! ,commission ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 & 7,,ii7 by /rik+ provide & ins]t+ provides2 7iii7 9 subp>agraph 7,e77ii71 9 ! matt] prec$+ subclause 7,i71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission1 z ! case may be12 7iv7 9 subp>agraph 7,f7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 & 7,,ii7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission1 respectively12 & 7v7 9 subp>agraph 7,h7-- 7,i7 9 clause 7i7-- 7aa7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 & 7bb7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission1 respectively12 & 7,,ii7 9 clause 7ii71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 7,b7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#d72 7,c7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#e7 ?r\gh 7#i7 z p>agraphs 7#d7 ?r\gh 7#h71 respectively2 & 7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+ b also includes section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de7 to ! ext5t t su* section #e applies to unfair me?ods ( competition2 & 7#i7 9 section #ac 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fbab7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ & ! ,commission are & ins]t+ is2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ or ! ,commission1 respectively14 7k7 ,m$ic>e ,prescription ,drug1 ,improvem5t1 & ,mod]nization ,act ( #bjjc ,subtitle ,b ( title ,,xi ( ! ,m$ic>e ,prescription ,drug1 ,improvem5t1 & ,mod]nization ,act ( #bjjc 7,public ,law #ajh-agc2 #aag ,/at4 #bdfa7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 ! subtitle head+1 by /rik+ ,f$]al ,trade ,commission & ins]t+ ,antitru/2 7#b7 9 section #aaaa 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#h72 & 7,b7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#i7 ?r\gh 7#ab7 z p>agraphs 7#h7 ?r\gh 7#aa71 respectively2 7#c7 9 section #aaab7;c7 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note71 by /rik+ & ! ,commission ea* place ! t]m appe>s2 7#d7 9 section #aaac 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note71 by /rik+ & ! ,commission2 7#e7 9 section #aaad 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 7#f7 9 section #aaae 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note7-- 7,a7 9 subsection 7a71 by /rik+ 1 or br\ght by ! ,commission 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures e/abli%$ 9 section #af7;a77#a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ef7;a772 & 7,b7 9 subsection 7b71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission2 7#g7 9 section #aaaf 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note71 9 ! matt] prec$+ p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ,commission1 ) ! concurr5ce ( ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+ ,attorney ,g5]al2 & 7#h7 9 section #aaag 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #cee note71 by /rik+ or ! ,commission ea* place ! t]m appe>s4 7l7 ,o!r laws ,= any o!r provision ( law requir+ ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al or ! ,attorney ,g5]al to consult ) or seek ! concurr5ce ( ! ,commission or ! ,*airman ( ! ,commission1 :]e su* requirem5t relates to ! antitru/ laws or unfair me?ods ( competition "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 z 9 effect on ! day be=e ! effective date1 t requirem5t %all be waiv$4 #ajg4 ,effective date ,except :]e explicitly provid$ o!rwise1 ?is title & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is title %all take effect on ! />t ( ! fir/ fiscal ye> t is at lea/ #ij days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is title4 ,,ii ,m]g]s #bja4 ,prem]g] notification fil+ fees ,section #fje ( ,public ,law #aja-afb 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a note7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by /rik+ #de1jjj & ins]t+ #cj1jjj2 7ii7 by /rik+ #ajj1jjj1jjj & ins]t+ #afa1ejj1jjj2 7iii7 by /rik+ #bjjd & ins]t+ #bjbb2 & 7iv7 by /rik+ #bjjc & ins]t+ #bjba2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by /rik+ #abe1jjj & ins]t+ #ajj1jjj2 7ii7 by /rik+ #ajj1jjj1jjj & ins]t+ #afa1ejj1jjj2 7iii7 by /rik+ b less & ins]t+ b is less2 & 7iv7 by /rik+ & at ! end2 7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#c7-- 7i7 by /rik+ #bhj1jjj & ins]t+ #bej1jjj2 & 7ii7 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ b is less ?an #a1jjj1jjj1jjj 7z s adju/$ & publi%$722 & 7,d7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#d7 #djj1jjj if ! aggregate total am\nt det]m9$ "u section #g;,a7a77#b7 ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7a77#b77 is n less ?an #a1jjj1jjj1jjj 7z s adju/$ & publi%$7 b is less ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj 7z s adju/$ & publi%$72 7#e7 #hjj1jjj if ! aggregate total am\nt det]m9$ "u section #g;,a7a77#b7 ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7a77#b77 is n less ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj 7z s adju/$ & publi%$7 b is less ?an #e1jjj1jjj1jjj 7z s adju/$ & publi%$72 & 7#f7 #a1bej1jjj if ! aggregate total am\nt det]m9$ "u section #g;,a7a77#b7 ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7a77#b77 is n less ?an #e1jjj1jjj1jjj 7z s adju/$ & publi%$74 2 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7c7 7#a7 ,= ea* fiscal ye> comm5c+ aft] ,septemb] #cj1 #bjbb1 ! fil+ fees 9 ?is section %all be increas$ ea* ye> by an am\nt equal to ! p]c5tage increase1 if any1 9 ! ,gross ,national ,product ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z det]m9$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor or its successor1 = ! ye> !n end$ ov] ! level s e/abli%$ = ! ye> end+ ,septemb] #cj1 #bjba4 7#b7 ,z soon z practicable1 b n lat] ?an ,janu>y #ca ( ea* ye>1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all publi% ! adju/$ am\nts requir$ by p>agraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all n adju/ am\nts requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7 if ! p]c5tage increase describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 is less ?an #a p]c5t4 7#d7 ,an am\nt adju/$ "u ?is section %all be r\nd$ to ! ne>e/ multiple ( #e1jjj4 4 #bjb4 ,m]g] presumptions ,section #g ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah71 z am5d$ by section #ajf ( ?is ,act1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ all t proce$s p]son engag$ 9 comm]ce & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 #g4 ,acquisition by "o corporation ( /ock ( ano!r 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,no 2 7#b7 by /rik+ ,no p]son %all acquire1 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7b7 ,acquisition ( p]sons engag$ 9 comm]ce ,no p]son %all acquire 2 7#c7 by /rik+ ,?is section %all n apply & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7d7 ,n less5+ competition ,?is section %all n apply 2 7#d7 by /rik+ ,nor %all any?+ h]e9 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7e7 ,common c>ri]s ,nor %all any?+ h]e9 2 7#e7 by /rik+ ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is section %all be held & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7f7 ,hold h>mless ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is section %all be held 2 7#f7 by /rik+ ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is section %all apply to transactions & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 7g7 ,c]ta9 transactions ,no?+ conta9$ 9 ?is section %all apply to transactions 2 & 7#g7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7b71 z s designat$ by ?is section1 ! foll[+3 7c7 ,actions by ,unit$ ,/ates 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,unit$ ,/ates may initiate a proce$+ to enjo9 a transaction prohibit$ by ?is section4 7#b7 ,rebuttable presumptions 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 a proce$+ initiat$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates to enjo9 a transaction prohibit$ by ?is section1 x %all be presum$ t ! effect ( a transaction may be sub/antially to less5 competition1 or to t5d to create a monopoly1 if-- 7i7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %[s by a prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce t1 z a result ( ! transaction1 ! comb9$ firm w\ld be able mean+fully to increase prices or r$uce output1 innovation1 or quality 9 a m>ket2 or 7ii7 7,i7 ! transaction w\ld comb9e p]sons t compete1 w\ld compete1 or w\ld attempt to compete aga9/ ea* o!r1 abs5t ! transaction2 & 7,,ii7 ! comb9$ firm w\ld h a po/-transaction %>e ( ! m>ket t-- 7aa7 is great] ?an #cc p]c5t2 or 7bb7 if ! acquir+ p]son is own$ or controll$ by a =eign gov]nm5t1 is great] ?an #e p]c5t4 7,b7 ,rebuttal ,a def5dant may rebut a presumption "u clause 7i7 or 7ii7 ( subp>agraph 7,a7 only if ! def5dant demon/rates by a prepond]ance ( ! evid5ce t-- 7i7 ! comb9$ p>ties po/-transaction w\ld n be able to ex]cise m>ket p[]2 or 7ii7 ! anticompetitive effects ( ! transaction-- 7,i7 are insub/antial2 or 7,,ii7 are cle>ly outweigh$ by ! procompetitive b5efits ( ! transaction 9 ! relevant m>ket4 7,c7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,! presumptions "u clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 ( subp>agraph 7,a7 %all n limit any o!r presumption c\rts h creat$ or us$ or may create or use 9 resolv+ cases "u ?is section4 7#c7 ,irrebuttable presumption ,9 a proce$+ initiat$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates to enjo9 a transaction prohibit$ by ?is section1 except to ! ext5t ! transaction is necess>y to prev5t s]i\s h>m to ! national economy1 ! effect ( a transaction %all be deem$ to sub/antially to less5 competition1 or to t5d to create a monopoly1 if-- 7,a7 ! transaction w\ld comb9e p]sons t compete1 w\ld compete1 or w\ld attempt to compete aga9/ ea* o!r abs5t ! transaction2 & 7,b7 ! comb9$ firm w\ld h a po/-transaction %>e ( ! m>ket t is great] ?an #ff p]c5t4 4 #bjc4 ,m]g] notification requirem5ts 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #g;,a7a77#b7 ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7a77#b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+ subclause 7,,iii7 ( subp>agraph 7,b77ii7 z item 7bb72 7#b7 by /rik+ 7ii77,i7 any vot+ & all t foll[s ?r\gh 7,,ii7 any vot+ securities or assets ( a p]son n engag$ 9 manufactur+ & ins]t+ 7,,ii77aa7 any vot+ securities or assets ( a p]son2 7#c7 by /rik+ 7,b77i7 9 excess & ins]t+ 7ii77,i7 9 excess2 7#d7 by /rik+ 7,a7 9 excess & ins]t+ 7i7 9 excess2 7#e7 by ins]t+ 7,a7 aft] 7#b72 7#f7 by /rik+ publi%$7 or m4 & ins]t+ publi%$7 or m2 or2 & 7#g7 by ins]t+ aft] subp>agraph 7,a71 z s r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3 7,b7 except ) respect to an acquisition made solely = ! purpose ( inve/m5t1 ! acquir+ p]son-- 7i7 has assets 9 excess ( #ejj1jjj1jjj1jjj2 or 7ii7 is own$ or controll$ by a =eign gov]nm5t4 4 7b7 ,repeal ( limit$ nexus to comm]ce 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates exception 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all am5d sections #hjb4ej & #hjb4ea ( title #af1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 & any o!r rule or regulation1 to repeal any exception f fil+ a notification "u subsection 7a7 ( section #g;,a ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7 or f ! wait+ p]iod describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#a7 ( su* section ) respect to an acquisition on ! basis t ! acquisition has a limit$ nexus ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#b7 ,limitation ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al may n promulgate or en=ce any rule t excludes f ! requirem5ts "u section #g;,a ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah;a7 any acquisition by or ( a p]son engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 any activity affect+ comm]ce on ! basis t ! acquisition has a limit$ nexus ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,iii ,competition policy #cja4 ,competitive impact /atem5t 7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,adm9i/rator ,! t]m ,adm9i/rator means ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,(fice ( ,in=mation & ,regulatory ,affairs ( ! ,(fice ( ,managem5t & ,budget4 7#b7 ,ag5cy2 significant regulatory action ,! t]ms ag5cy & significant regulatory action h ! mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9 section #c ( ! ,executive ,ord]4 7#c7 ,executive ,ord] ,! t]m ,executive ,ord] means ,executive ,ord] #abhff 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 #fja note2 relat+ to regulatory plann+ & review74 7b7 ,requirem5t ,9 review+ a significant regulatory action ( an ag5cy 9 accordance ) ! ,executive ,ord]1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all prep>e & submit to ! ag5cy a competitive impact /atem5t t-- 7#a7 id5tifies any way 9 :i* ! significant regulatory action may impact or h>m competition 9 ! m>ket to :i* ! significant regulatory action applies2 & 7#b7 provides guidance on h[ ! significant regulatory c\ld be revis$ to m9imize ! impact or h>m to competition 9 t m>ket4 #cjb4 ,writt5 explanations ( en=cem5t & non-en=cem5t actions 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all prep>e & pres]ve a writt5 explanation ( any decision by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t n to file a civil action "u ! antitru/ laws aft] ! use ( compulsory process by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 7b7 ,availability to ,congress ,^u reque/ by any ,memb] ( ,congress1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all make available an unr$act$ v]sion ( a writt5 explanation describ$ 9 subsection 7a74 ,a ,memb] ( ,congress %all n disclose an unr$act$ v]sion ( a writt5 explanation receiv$ "u ?is subsection4 7c7 ,public availability 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all make a writt5 explanation describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 publicly available if all subjects ( ! inve/igation h ackn[l$g$ ! exi/5ce ( ! inve/igation4 7#b7 ,o!r availability ,a writt5 explanation describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 may be disclos$ 9 accordance ) ! proc$ures & limitations "u section #eeb ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code 7commonly kn[n z ! ,fre$om ( ,in=mation ,act71 or any o!r applicable provision ( law4 7#c7 ,r$action ,in=mation 9 a writt5 explanation describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 t is made publicly available %all be r$act$ to protect confid5tial or competitively s5sitive in=mation1 :i* may include ! id5tities ( ! subjects ( ! inve/igation :5 appropriate4 #cjc4 ,/udies 7a7 ,in/itutional inve/ors ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 9 consultation ) ! ,securities & ,ex*ange ,commission1 %all conduct & publi% a /udy1 us+ any compulsory process reasonably necess>y1 rely+ on public data & in=mation if available & suffici5t1 & incorporat+ public comm5t1 on-- 7#a7 ! ext5t to :i* an in/itutional inve/or or relat$ in/itutional inve/ors h own]%ip or control int]e/s 9 competitors 9 mod]ately conc5trat$ or conc5trat$ m>kets2 7#b7 ! economic impacts ( su* ov]lapp+ own]%ip or control2 & 7#c7 ! me*anisms by :i* an in/itutional inve/or c\ld affect competition among ! companies 9 :i* x inve/s & :e!r su* me*anisms are preval5t4 7b7 ,self-,pref]5c+ by digital plat=ms ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all conduct & publi% a /udy1 us+ any compulsory process reasonably necess>y1 rely+ on public data & in=mation if available & suffici5t1 & incorporat+ public comm5t1 on self-pref]5c+ by digital plat=ms4 7c7 ,te*nology m]g] retrospective ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all-- 7#a7 conduct a retrospective analysis ( m]g]s involv+ te*nology companies complet$ dur+ ! #ae-ye> p]iod end+ on ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 & 7#b7 publi% a report ( ! f9d+s ( ! analysis1 :i* %all include an analysis ( ! adequacy ( any en=cem5t actions or settlem5t agreem5ts reg>d+ su* m]g]s4 #cjd4 ,monopsony guidel9es ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al %all publicly issue guidel9es reg>d+ h[ ! ,antitru/ ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice analyzes & approa*es a matt] involv+ a monopsony "u ! antitru/ laws4 ,,iv ,re/or+ bo>d immunity #dja4 ,%ort title ,?is title may be cit$ z ! ,re/or+ ,bo>d ,immunity ,act ( #bjba or ! ,,rbi ,act4 #djb4 ,/atem5t ( f9d+s & purpose ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! preval5ce ( occupational lic5s+ has increas$ dramatically 9 rec5t decades1 9 "p because private int]e/s h s\ght lic5s+ 9 ord] to limit competition4 7#b7 ,occupational lic5s+ (t5 limits opportunities = work]s1 fru/rates entrepr5eurs seek+ to introduce new bus9ess models1 & raises prices paid by consum]s4 7#c7 ,lic5s+ %\ld be impos$ only to combat real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e & only :]e o!r less re/rictive regulatory alt]natives are insuffici5t to protect consum]s & s]ve ! public int]e/4 7#d7 ,regulators %\ld consid] a range ( less re/rictive alt]natives be=e enact+ an occupational lic5s+ regime1 :i* may include inspections1 bond+ or insurance requirem5ts1 regi/ration1 & volunt>y c]tification4 7#e7 ,volunt>y c]tification provides a p>ticul>ly significant alt]native to lic5sure1 z x all[s m>ket p>ticipants to signal to consum]s ! atta9m5t ( p]sonal qualifications )\t limit+ entry into ! m>ketplace4 7#f7 ,! failure ( ,/ate gov]nm5ts to adopt less re/rictive alt]natives to lic5s+1 & less burd5some requirem5ts 9 ^? areas :]e lic5s+ is deem$ necess>y1 has result$ 9 significant co/s to consum]s & ! broad] economy4 7#g7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt respond$ to ^! conc]ns 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,bo>d ( ,d5tal ,exam9]s v4 ,,ftc1 #ace ,s4 ,ct4 #aaja 7#bjae71 hold+ t self-int]e/$ lic5s+ bo>ds may be subject to liability "u ! antitru/ laws1 b t decision has also creat$ significant unc]ta9ty = ! ,/ates & _! lic5s+ bo>ds4 7#h7 ,"s ,/ates h respond$ to ! decision 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,bo>d ( ,d5tal ,exam9]s by e/abli%+ a lay] ( bureaucratic ov]sight t m]ely monitors bo>d actions = consi/5cy ) ,/ate lic5s+ laws4 ,?is response is a miss$ opportunity = re=m1 z x does n address ! specific competition conc]n rais$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,bo>d ( ,d5tal ,exam9]s or ! und]ly+ problems ) ov]-reliance on occupational lic5sure z a regulatory approa* & ) ov]ly broad en=cem5t ( lic5s+ laws z a means to regulate comm]cial activities outside an occupation's scope ( practice4 7#i7 ,legislation is necess>y to cl>ify ! requirem5ts ( active sup]vision1 bo? to (f] ,/ates a cle> & c]ta9 me*anism to immunize _! occupational bo>ds & to make cle> t m]e bureaucratic ov]sight to ensure consi/5cy ) ,/ate lic5s+ laws does n suffice to conf] immunity4 7#aj7 ,?is title is int5d$ to (f] ,/ates a *oice betwe5 two alt]native r\tes to a*ieve immunity = _! occupational lic5s+ bo>ds--ei!r e/abli%+ a me*anism = mean+ful active sup]vision ( lic5s+ bo>ds by ,/ate (ficials or e/abli%+ a me*anism = mean+ful judicial review ( bo>d actions 9 ! ,/ate c\rts4 #djc4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is title3 7#a7 ,c]tification ,! t]m c]tification means a volunt>y program "u :i*-- 7,a7 a private organization 79 ! case ( private c]tification7 or ! gov]nm5t ( a ,/ate 79 ! case ( gov]nm5t c]tification7 au?orizes an individual :o meets c]ta9 p]sonal qualifications to use c]tifi$ z a designat$ title ) respect to ! p]=mance ( a lawful occupation2 & 7,b7 a non-c]tifi$ individual may p]=m ! lawful occupation = comp5sation b may n use ! title c]tifi$4 7#b7 ,good fai? ,! t]m good fai?1 ) respect to p]=mance-- 7,a7 means dilig5t p]=mance t is direct$ t[>ds a*iev+ ! policies set =? 9 ?is title2 7,b7 does n include p]=mance t is-- 7i7 design$ to subv]t or evade ! policies set =? 9 ?is title2 or 7ii7 c>ri$ out 9 a mann] t has ! sy/ematic effect ( subv]t+ or evad+ ! policies set =? 9 ?is title2 & 7,c7 ref]s to an objective1 r ?an subjective1 /&>d4 7#c7 ,lawful occupation ,! t]m lawful occupation means a c\rse ( conduct1 pursuit1 or pr(ession t includes ! sale ( goods or s]vices t are n !mselves illegal to sell irrespective ( :e!r ! individual sell+ ! goods or s]vices is subject to occupational lic5s+ laws4 7#d7 ,lea/ re/rictive regulation ,! t]m lea/ re/rictive regulation means1 f lea/ to mo/ re/rictive3 7,a7 ,"o or m ( ! foll[+1 ea* ( :i* %all be consid]$ equally re/rictive3 7i7 ,m>ket competition4 7ii7 ,indu/ry or consum]-relat$ rat+s & reviews4 7iii7 ,private c]tification4 7iv7 ,a specific private civil cause ( action to rem$y consum] h>m4 7v7 ,a deceptive trade practice act4 7vi7 ,a regulation ( ! process ( provid+ ! specific goods or s]vices to consum]s4 7vii7 ,inspections4 7viii7 ,bond+ or insurance4 7ix7 ,regi/ration4 7x7 ,gov]nm5t c]tification4 7,b7 ,specialty occupational lic5se = m$ical reimbursem5t4 7,c7 ,occupational lic5se4 7#e7 ,less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+ ,! t]m less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+-- 7,a7 means regulations t a*ieve ! public heal? or safety goals ass]t$ by ! gov]nm5t to ju/ify lic5s+ :ile impos+ a less on]\s re/riction on entry into ! m>ketplace2 & 7,b7 includes ! alt]native =ms ( regulation describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#d77;,a74 7#f7 ,memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ,! t]m memb]1 (fic]1 or employee1 ) respect to an occupational lic5s+ bo>d1 means an individual appo9t$ by a ,/ate to ! bo>d4 7#g7 ,occupational lic5se ,! t]m occupational lic5se means a nontransf]able au?orization "u law = an individual to p]=m a lawful occupation = comp5sation bas$ on meet+ p]sonal qualifications e/abli%$ by ! ,/ate gov]nm5t4 7#h7 ,occupational lic5s+ bo>d ,! t]m occupational lic5s+ bo>d or bo>d means an entity e/abli%$ "u ,/ate law-- 7,a7 ! express purpose ( :i* is to regulate ! p]sonal qualifications requir$ to engage 9 or practice a p>ticul> lawful occupation2 7,b7 t has au?ority conf]r$ by ,/ate law to int]pret or en=ce ! occupational lic5s+ laws ( ! ,/ate2 & 7,c7 n less ?an #b_/c ( ! memb]s ( :i* are appo9t$ by an elect$ (ficial ( ! ,/ate4 7#i7 ,occupational lic5s+ law ,! t]m occupational lic5s+ law-- 7,a7 means a ,/ate /atute t all[s an individual to "w 9 a lawful occupation & use an occupational title2 & 7,b7 does n include a bus9ess lic5se1 facility lic5se1 build+ p]mit1 or zon+ & l& use regulation1 except to ! ext5t t ! law regulates an individual's p]sonal qualifications to engage 9 or practice a lawful occupation4 7#aj7 ,occupational regulation ,! t]m occupational regulation-- 7,a7 means a /atute1 rule1 practice1 policy1 or o!r law t sub/antially burd5s an individual's ability to "w 9 a lawful occupation2 7,b7 includes a regulation requir+ regi/ration1 c]tification1 or an occupational lic5se2 & 7,c7 does n include a bus9ess lic5se1 facility lic5se1 build+ p]mit1 or zon+ & l& use regulation except to ! ext5t t su* a requirem5t or re/riction sub/antially burd5s an individual's ability to "w 9 a lawful occupation4 7#aa7 ,p]sonal qualifications ,! t]m p]sonal qualifications means crit]ia relat$ to an individual's p]sonal backgr\nd & *>act]i/ics1 includ+ completion ( an approv$ educational program1 satisfactory p]=mance on an exam9ation1 "w exp]i5ce1 o!r evid5ce ( atta9m5t ( requisite skills or k1 moral /&+1 crim9al hi/ory1 & completion ( cont9u+ education4 7#ab7 ,regi/ration ,! t]m regi/ration means a requirem5t t an individual give notice to ! gov]nm5t ( a ,/ate t may include-- 7,a7 ! individual's "n & address2 7,b7 ! individual's ag5t = s]vice ( process2 7,c7 ! location ( ! activity to be p]=m$2 & 7,d7 a description ( ! s]vice ! individual provides4 7#ac7 ,specialty occupational lic5se = m$ical reimbursem5t ,! t]m specialty occupational lic5se = m$ical reimbursem5t means a nontransf]able au?orization 9 law = an individual to qualify = paym5t or reimbursem5t f a gov]nm5t ag5cy = ! non-exclusive provision ( m$ical s]vices bas$ on meet+ p]sonal qualifications e/abli%$ by ! ,/ate legislature4 7#ad7 ,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate means-- 7,a7 ea* ( ! sev]al ,/ates2 & 7,b7 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 #djd4 ,antitru/ immunity 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject to subsection 7b71 ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq47 %all n apply to any action ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d ( a ,/ate1 or any action ( a memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ( ! bo>d act+ 9 ! (ficial capacity ( t memb]1 (fic]1 or employee1 if-- 7#a7 ! requirem5ts "u section #dje ( ?is title are satisfi$2 or 7#b7 ! requirem5ts "u section #djf ( ?is title are satisfi$4 7b7 ,requirem5t ( good fai? ,! immunity provid$ "u subsection 7a7 %all n apply to any action ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d ( a ,/ate1 or any action ( a memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ( ! bo>d act+ 9 ! (ficial capacity ( t memb]1 (fic]1 or employee1 unless ! ,/ate acts 9 good fai? to p]=m ! applicable requirem5ts "u section #dje or #djf ( ?is title4 7c7 ,exi/+ entities or proc$ures ,! fact t a ,/ate gov]nm5tal entity or proc$ure 0 e/abli%$ be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all n prev5t an occupational lic5s+ bo>d ( ! ,/ate1 or a memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ( t bo>d1 f qualify+ = immunity "u subsection 7a7 if ! ,/ate gov]nm5tal entity or proc$ure satisfies ! applicable requirem5ts "u section #dje or #djf ( ?is title4 7d7 ,sav+s clause ,! immunity provid$ "u subsection 7a7 %all n apply to an action unrelat$ to regulat+ ! p]sonal qualifications requir$ to engage 9 or practice a lawful occupation1 su* z rules ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d gov]n+ m9imum prices or resid5cy requirem5ts4 #dje4 ,active sup]vision 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! immunity "u section #djd7;a7 %all apply to any action ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d ( a ,/ate1 or any action ( a memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ( t bo>d act+ 9 ! (ficial capacity ( t memb]1 (fic]1 or employee1 if-- 7#a7 ! actions ( ! occupational lic5s+ bo>d or memb]1 (fic]1 or employee are au?oriz$ by a non-frivol\s int]pretation ( ! occupational lic5s+ laws ( ! ,/ate2 7#b7 ! ,/ate adopts a policy ( us+ less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+ to address real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e1 9 accordance ) subsection 7b7 ( ?is section2 & 7#c7 ! ,/ate enacts legislation provid+ = active sup]vision ( ! actions ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d & any memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ( su* a bo>d1 9 accordance ) subsection 7c7 ( ?is section4 7b7 ,policy ,! ,/ate %all adopt a policy provid+ t-- 7#a7 occupational lic5s+ laws %\ld be con/ru$ & appli$ to-- 7,a7 protect public heal?1 safety1 & welf>e2 & 7,b7 increase economic opportunity1 promote competition1 & enc\rage innovation2 7#b7 regulators %\ld displace competition ?r\gh occupational lic5s+ laws only if less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+ w n suffice to protect consum]s f real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e2 & 7#c7 an occupational lic5s+ law %\ld be en=c$ aga9/ an individual only to ! ext5t ! individual sells goods or s]vices t are includ$ explicitly 9 ! /atute or regulation t def9es ! occupation's scope ( practice4 7c7 ,active sup]vision 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! legislation enact$ "u subsection 7a77#c7 %all satisfy ea* ( ! requirem5ts "u ?is subsection4 7#b7 ,day-to-day sup]vision 7,a7 ,e/abli%m5t ( ,(fice ( ,sup]vision ( ,occupational ,bo>ds ,! ,/ate %all e/abli% an ,(fice ( ,sup]vision ( ,occupational ,bo>ds 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is subsection z ! ,(fice7 to review ! actions ( occupational lic5s+ bo>ds to ensure compliance ) ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b74 7,b7 ,duties ,! ,(fice %all-- 7i7 review & explicitly approve or reject 9 writ+ any occupational regulation propos$ by an occupational lic5s+ bo>d be=e ! bo>d may adopt or implem5t ! occupational regulation2 7ii7 play a sub/antial role 9 ! developm5t ( a bo>d's rules & policies to ensure !y b5efit consum]s & d n s]ve ! private int]e/s ( provid]s ( goods & s]vices regulat$ by ! bo>d2 7iii7 disapprove 9 writ+ ! use ( any bo>d rule or policy relat+ to an occupational regulation & t]m9ate any en=cem5t action1 includ+ any su* action p5d+ on ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 t is inconsi/5t ) ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b72 7iv7 ex]cise control ov] ea* bo>d by review+ & affirmatively approv+ 9 writ+ only occupational regulations t are consi/5t ) ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b72 7v7 use ! analysis conduct$ "u p>agraph 7#e7 & conduct reasonable inve/igations to ga9 additional in=mation1 includ+ ab\t less re/rictive regulatory approa*es1 to promote compliance ) subsection 7b72 7vi7 7,i7 be /aff$ by n less ?an #a attorney2 & 7,,ii7 prohibit attorneys work+ 9 ! ,(fice f provid+ g5]al c\nsel to any bo>d2 & 7vii7 7,i7 approve bo>d actions explicitly 9 writ+1 r ?an implicitly2 & 7,,ii7 cle>ly e/abli% t sil5ce or inaction does n con/itute approval4 7#c7 ,int]nal review 7,a7 ,compla9t ,! ,/ate %all e/abli% a me*anism "u :i* a p]son :o is a resid5t ( or has a lic5se to op]ate a bus9ess 9 ! ,/ate may file a compla9t ) ! ,(fice ab\t an occupational regulation ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d 9 ! ,/ate t ! p]son believes is inconsi/5t ) ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b74 7,b7 ,(fice response ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! date on :i* a p]son files a compla9t "u subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,(fice %all-- 7i7 inve/igate ! compla9t2 7ii7 id5tify rem$ies & in/ruct ! bo>d to take action1 :]e appropriate2 & 7iii7 respond 9 writ+ to ! compla9ant4 7,c7 ,review ,! ,/ate %all e/abli% a me*anism = review ( a det]m9ation made by ! ,(fice "u subp>agraph 7,b71 "u :i* a compla9ant may appeal ! det]m9ation to ! g5]al division ( ! trial c\rt ( ! ,/ate if ! *all5g$ occupational regulation w\ld sub/antially burd5 ! compla9ant's ability to-- 7i7 engage 9 a lawful occupation2 or 7ii7 employ or contract o!r individuals = ! p]=mance ( a lawful occupation4 7#d7 ,"r to raise def5se 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,/ate %all au?orize an individual to ass]t z a def5se1 9 any adm9i/rative or judicial proce$+ to en=ce an occupational regulation1 t ! regulation does n comply ) ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b74 7,b7 ,proc$ures ,9 a proce$+ describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7i7 an individual :o ass]ts a def5se "u ?is p>agraph has ! initial burd5 ( pro( t ! occupational regulation be+ en=c$ sub/antially burd5s ! individual's ability to engage 9 a lawful occupation2 7ii7 if an individual meets ! burd5 ( pro( "u clause 7i71 ! ,/ate %all be requir$ to demon/rate by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce t ! occupational regulation-- 7,i7 advances an important gov]nm5t int]e/ 9 protect+ aga9/ real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e2 & 7,,ii7 is sub/antially relat$ to a*ievem5t ( ! important gov]nm5t int]e/ describ$ 9 subclause 7,i71 9 light ( ! availability ( less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+2 & 7iii7 9 review+ an alleg$ violation ( ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b71 an adm9i/rative ag5cy or a c\rt-- 7,i7 %all make its own f9d+s ( fact & conclusions ( law2 7,,ii7 may n rely on a legislative f9d+ ( fact pres5t$ 9 admissible =m to ! ag5cy or c\rt2 & 7,,iii7 may n grant any presumption to a legislative det]m9ation-- 7aa7 ( h>m to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e2 or 7bb7 t ! occupational regulation is sub/antially relat$ to a*ievem5t ( ! important gov]nm5t int]e/ describ$ 9 clause 7ii77,i74 7#e7 ,p]iodic advisory review 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,/ate %all e/abli% a me*anism = p]iodic non-b9d+ review ( exi/+ occupational regulations1 & non-b9d+ review ( new propos$ occupational regulations1 to ensure t ! occupational regulations comply ) ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b74 7,b7 ,scope ( review ,! entity conduct+ ! review "u subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7i7 %all publi% an annual writt5 report encompass+ approximately #bj p]c5t ( ! occupations subject to occupational regulations )9 ! ,/ate1 su* t ! entity w review all occupational regulations )9 ! ,/ate dur+ ea* #e-ye> p]iod2 & 7ii7 %all publi% a writt5 report assess+ any propos$ occupational lic5s+ law1 or o!r propos$ law t w\ld exp& ! au?ority ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d to impose occupational regulations1 be=e ! propos$ law is submitt$ to a vote by ! ,/ate legislature4 7,c7 ,requirem5ts = analysis ,9 conduct+ ! review requir$ "u subp>agraph 7,a71 ! entity %all-- 7i7 det]m9e :e!r ! law or o!r regulation satisfies ! policy adopt$ "u subsection 7b7 ( us+ ! lea/ re/rictive regulation necess>y to protect consum]s f real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e2 7ii7 evaluate ! effects ( ! law or o!r regulation on opportunities = work]s1 consum] *oices & co/s1 g5]al unemploym5t1 m>ket competition1 gov]nm5tal co/s1 & o!r effects2 7iii7 comp>e ! law or o!r regulation to :e!r & h[ o!r ,/ates regulate ! applicable occupation2 & 7iv7 if ! applicable occupation is subject to an occupational lic5s+ law1 evaluate-- 7,i7 ! feasibility ( ent]+ into reciprocity compacts ) "o or m o!r ,/ates to improve work] mobility & labor m>ket flexibility2 & 7,,ii7 ! advisability ( endors+ occupational lic5ses grant$ by o!r ,/ates to sp\ses ( active s]vice milit>y memb]s z if ^? occupational lic5ses 7 grant$ by ! ,/ate conduct+ ! review4 #djf4 ,judicial review 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! immunity "u section #djd7;a7 %all apply to any action ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d ( a ,/ate1 or any action ( a memb]1 (fic]1 or employee ( t bo>d act+ 9 ! (ficial capacity ( t memb]1 (fic]1 or employee1 if-- 7#a7 ! actions ( ! occupational lic5s+ bo>d or memb]1 (fic]1 or employee are au?oriz$ by a non-frivol\s int]pretation ( ! occupational lic5s+ laws ( ! ,/ate2 7#b7 ! ,/ate adopts a policy ( us+ less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+ to address real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e1 9 accordance ) section #dje7;b72 & 7#c7 ! ,/ate enacts legislation provid+ = judicial review ( occupational lic5s+ laws1 9 accordance ) subsection 7b7 ( ?is section4 7b7 ,judicial review legislation ,legislation enact$ by a ,/ate "u subsection 7a77#c7-- 7#a7 %all-- 7,a7 prohibit ! ,/ate & any occupational lic5s+ bo>d f impos+ an occupational lic5s+ law unless ! ,/ate-- 7i7 id5tifies an important gov]nm5t int]e/ 9 protect+ aga9/ real1 sub/antial ?reats to public heal?1 safety1 or welf>e2 & 7ii7 demon/rates t ! occupational lic5s+ law is sub/antially relat$ to a*ievem5t ( ! important gov]nm5t int]e/ describ$ 9 clause 7i71 9 light ( ! availability ( less re/rictive alt]natives to occupational lic5s+2 7,b7 provide an affirmative def5se aga9/ en=cem5t ( any occupational lic5s+ law ( ! ,/ate "u :i* ! ,/ate %all be requir$ to demon/rate t ! /&>d "u subp>agraph 7,a7 has be5 met2 7,c7 e/abli% a cause ( action "u :i*-- 7i7 a p]son may br+ an action = injunctive relief aga9/ en=cem5t ( an occupational lic5s+ law ( ! ,/ate2 7ii7 ! pla9tiff be>s ! initial burd5 to prove t ! *all5g$ occupational lic5s+ law sub/antially burd5s ! pla9tiff's ability to engage 9 a lawful occupation2 & 7iii7 once ! pla9tiff makes ! initial %[+ "u clause 7ii71 ! ,/ate is requir$ to demon/rate t ! /&>d "u subp>agraph 7,a7 has be5 met2 7,d7 provide = an aw>d ( reasonable co/s & attorney fees to a p]son :o successfully *all5ges ! application ( an occupational lic5s+ law ( ! ,/ate by-- 7i7 rais+ an affirmative def5se "u subp>agraph 7,b72 or 7ii7 br++ an action "u subp>agraph 7,c72 & 7,e7 provide = indep5d5t judicial review ( ! occupational lic5s+ laws ( ! ,/ate to ensure t ! /&>d set =? 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 has be5 met2 & 7#b7 may n au?orize a c\rt to-- 7,a7 uphold en=cem5t ( an occupational lic5s+ law ( ! ,/ate simply because ! c\rt believes ! law is rationally relat$ to a legitimate gov]nm5tal purpose2 7,b7 rely on hypo!tical risks to public safety1 n sub/antiat$ by evid5ce 9 ! record1 to uphold en=cem5t ( an occupational lic5s+ law ( ! ,/ate2 7,c7 def] to factual or legal conclusions ( ano!r p]son or entity1 r ?an ex]cis+ indep5d5t review2 or 7,d7 rely on a po/ hoc ju/ification = ! action ( an occupational lic5s+ bo>d t 0 n put =w>d by ! bo>d at ! "t ( ! *all5g$ action4 7c7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 subsection 7b7 %all be con/ru$ to require legislation enact$ by a ,/ate "u subsection 7a77#c7 to provide a "r to recov] monet>y damages1 o!r ?an reasonable co/s & attorney fees z provid$ "u subsection 7b77#a77;,d74 ,v ,o!r improvem5ts to antitru/ laws #eja4 ,ov]turn+ ,ill9ois ,brick & ,hanov] ,%oe ,section #d ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ae7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a71 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce-- 7,a7 by /rik+ subsection 7b7 & ins]t+ subsections 7b7 & 7c72 & 7,b7 by ins]t+ 1 includ+ an indirect pur*as]1 aft] bus9ess or prop]ty2 7#b7 by r$esignat+ subsection 7c7 z subsection 7f72 & 7#c7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7b7 ! foll[+3 7c7 7#a7 ,9 ! case ( a p]son :o 0 injur$ by a violation ( ! antitru/ laws & :o resold any prop]ty or s]vice t 0 ! subject ( ! violation1 ! am\nt ( ! damages su/a9$ by ! p]son %all n include ! am\nt ( any ov]*>ge by ! def5dant 7or portion !re(7 t ! p]son pass$ on to a subsequ5t pur*as] ( ! prop]ty or s]vice t 0 ! subject ( ! violation4 7#b7 ,! def5dant %all be> ! burd5 ( prov+ ! am\nt ( any ov]*>ge pass$ on to a subsequ5t pur*as]4 4 #ejb4 ,limitations on impli$ immunity f ! antitru/ laws 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any action or proce$+ to en=ce ! antitru/ laws ) respect to conduct t is regulat$ "u ,f$]al /atute1 no c\rt or adjudicatory body may f9d t ! ,f$]al /atute1 or any rule or regulation promulgat$ 9 accordance ) ! ,f$]al /atute1 implicitly precludes application ( ! antitru/ laws to ! conduct unless-- 7#a7 a ,f$]al ag5cy or dep>tm5t actively regulates ! conduct "u ! ,f$]al /atute2 7#b7 ! ,f$]al /atute does n include any provision pres]v+ ! rights1 claims1 or rem$ies "u ! applicable antitru/ laws or "u any area ( law t includes ! antitru/ laws2 & 7#c7 ! ,f$]al ag5cy or dep>tm5t rules or regulations1 adopt$ by rulemak+ or adjudication1 explicitly require or au?orize ! def5dant to und]take ! conduct4 7b7 ,exi/+ f$]al regulation ,9 any action or proce$+ describ$ 9 subsection 7a71 ! antitru/ laws %all be appli$ fully & )\t qualification or limitation1 & ! scope ( ! antitru/ laws %all n be def9$ m n>r[ly on acc\nt ( ! exi/5ce ( ,f$]al rules1 regulations1 or regulatory ag5cies or dep>tm5ts1 unless application ( ! antitru/ laws is preclud$ or limit$ by-- 7#a7 an explicit exemption f ! antitru/ laws "u a ,f$]al /atute2 or 7#b7 an impli$ immunity t satisfies ! requirem5ts "u subsection 7a74 #ejc4 ,prejudgm5t int]e/ ,section #d7;a7 ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ae71 z am5d$ by section #ejb ( ?is ,act1 is am5d$ by /rik+ may sue !re= & all t foll[s & ins]t+ may sue !re= 9 any di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* ! def5dant resides or is f\nd or has an ag5t1 )\t respect to ! am\nt 9 controv]sy1 & %all recov] ?reefold ! damages by him su/a9$1 ! co/ ( suit1 includ+ a reasonable attorney's fee1 & simple int]e/ on ?reefold ! damages by him su/a9$ = ! p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( s]vice ( su* p]son's plead+ sett+ =? a claim "u ! antitru/ laws & end+ on ! date ( judgm5t44 #ejd4 ,safe h>bor = ef=ts to facilitate data portability & int]op]ability 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 subsection 7b71 x %all n con/itute a violation ( ! antitru/ laws = #b or m p]sons provid+ comp>able int]active comput] s]vices 7z def9$ 9 section #bcj7;f7 ( ! ,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #bcj7;f777 to ent] into a jo9t v5ture or simil> p>tn]%ip to create /&>d protocols = data portability or int]op]ability betwe5 ! int]active comput] s]vices if-- 7#a7 ! jo9t v5ture or simil> p>tn]%ip does n exclude f ! jo9t v5ture or simil> p>tn]%ip any p]son t (f]s comp>able int]active comput] s]vices2 & 7#b7 ! /&>d protocols d n re/rict competition 9 any m>ket4 7b7 ,exception = p] se violations ,subsection 7a7 %all n apply to conduct con/itut+ a p] se violation ( section #a ( ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a74 #eje4 ,/udy ( assign+ all antitru/ cases to c]ta9 di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,director ( ! ,adm9i/rative ,(fice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rts %all submit to ,congress a report review+ ! feasibility1 possible b5efits1 & pot5tial h>ms ( e/abli%+ a program to designate c]ta9 di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t w he> cases rais+ #a or m claims "u ! antitru/ laws4 #ejf4 ,balanc+ h>m & b5efits ,! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by r$esignat+ section #bh 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bg7 z section #ca2 & 7#b7 by ins]t+ aft] section #bg ! foll[+3 #bh4 ,balanc+ h>m & b5efits 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any civil action br\ght "u ?is ,act or ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq471 a c\rt may consid] a b5efit1 effici5cy1 or o!r mitigat+ factor only to ! degree t x-- 7#a7 is ti$ to ! m>ket 9 :i* competition or consum]s are h>m$2 7#b7 c reasonably be a*iev$ only ?r\gh ! conduct or transaction at issue2 7#c7 is reasonably quantifiable2 7#d7 w accrue to ! consum]2 & 7#e7 has a high likelihood ( be+ a*iev$4 7b7 ,exam9ation ( competitive effects ,9 exam9+ ! competitive effects ( conduct or a transaction *all5g$ "u any ( ! antitru/ laws1 a c\rt %all consid] exclusively ! effects ( ! *all5g$ conduct or transaction on consum] welf>e1 includ+ price1 output1 quality1 innovation1 & consum] *oice4 7c7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be con/ru$ to require t1 9 ! aggregate1 9-m>ket b5efits1 effici5cies1 or mitigat+ factors outnumb] or outweigh any out-(-m>ket b5efits1 effici5cies1 or mitigat+ factors4 7d7 ,def9ition ( consum] ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m consum] includes buy]s & sell]s4 4 #ejg4 ,actions on behalf ( consum]s "u ,%]man ,act ,section #d ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ae71 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7c71 z add$ by section #eja ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+3 7d7 7#a7 ,! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al may br+ an action on behalf ( p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates injur$ 9 _! bus9ess or prop]ty by reason ( any?+ =bidd5 "u ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq47 9 any di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! di/rict 9 :i* ! def5dant resides or is f\nd or has an ag5t1 )\t respect to ! am\nt 9 controv]sy1 & %all recov] ?reefold ! damages su/a9$ by su* p]sons1 & ! co/ ( suit1 includ+ a reasonable attorney's fee4 7#b7 7,a7 ,! c\rt may aw>d "u ?is subsection1 pursuant to a motion by ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al promptly made1 simple int]e/ on actual damages 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts "u subsection 7a74 7,b7 ,a c\rt may n aw>d any damages "u ?is subsection t are duplicative ( damages aw>d$ be=e ! date ( ! aw>d "u ?is subsection 9 a sep>ate civil action p]ta9+ to ! same conduct & injur$ p>ty4 7,c7 ,a c\rt aw>d+ damages to a p]son 9 a civil action aft] ! date ( an aw>d ( damages "u ?is subsection t w\ld be duplicative ( damages aw>d$ to ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al on behalf ( ! p]son %all direct t su* damages %all fir/ be paid by ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al f am\nts 9 ! ,fund &1 to ! ext5t su* damages are n fully paid f am\nts 9 ! ,fund1 %all be paid by ! def5dant4 7#c7 7,a7 ,!re is e/abli%$ 9 ! ,treasury ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates a fund to be kn[n z ! ,antitru/ ,consum] ,damages ,fund 79 ?is subsection ref]r$ to z ! ,fund71 :i* %all consi/ ( am\nts deposit$ "u subp>agraph 7,b74 7,b7 ,not)/&+ section #ccjb ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 any am\nts receiv$ by ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al "u an aw>d "u ?is subsection-- 7i7 %all be deposit$ 9 ! ,fund2 & 7ii7 %all be available to ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al1 )\t fur!r appropriation1 = di/ribution to p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h>m$ by ! applicable violation ( ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq474 7#d7 ,effective on ! day aft] ! date t is #aj ye>s aft] ! date on :i* an aw>d is receiv$ "u ?is subsection1 ! unobligat$ balances 9 ! ,fund ( am\nts t 7 receiv$ "u ! aw>d are resc9d$ & %all be deposit$ 9 ! g5]al fund ( ! ,treasury4 2 & 7#b7 9 subsection 7f71 z s r$esignat$ by section #eja ( ?is ,act-- 7,a7 by r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 z p>agraphs 7#b7 & 7#c71 respectively2 & 7,b7 by ins]t+ be=e p>agraph 7#a7 ! foll[+3 7#a7 ! t]m ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al means ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al 9 *>ge ( ! ,antitru/ ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice2 4 #ejh4 ,civil f9es = kn[+ violations ( ! antitru/ laws ,section #d ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ae71 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7d71 z add$ by section #ejg ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+3 7e7 7#a7 ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m cov]$ antitru/ laws means any provision ( ! antitru/ laws1 o!r ?an section #g ( ?is ,act4 7#b7 7,a7 ,9 an action br\ght by ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al 9 an appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! c\rt may impose a civil f9e aga9/ any p]son :o engag$ 9 a kn[+ violation ( any provision ( ! cov]$ antitru/ laws4 7,b7 ,! maximum am\nt ( a civil f9e impos$ on a p]son "u subp>agraph 7,a7 %all be #ae p]c5t ( ! total ( ! gross income ( ! p]son f ! l9e ( bus9ess at issue dur+ ea* ye> dur+ :i* ! p]son engag$ 9 ! violation4 7#c7 ,a civil f9e "u p>agraph 7#b7 %all be 9 addition to any damages aw>d$ or o!r rem$y impos$ 9 connection ) ! violation ( ! provision ( ! cov]$ antitru/ laws4 4 #eji4 ,direct evid5ce ( int5t to avoid or re/rict competition ,! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab et seq47 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #bh1 z add$ by section #ejf ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+3 #bi4 ,direct evid5ce ( int5t to avoid or re/rict competition ,9 any civil action br\ght "u ?is ,act or ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq471 if !re is direct evid5ce t ! conduct or transaction at issue 0 und]tak5 ) ! cle> int5t to h>m or prev5t competition1 :i* %all n require pro( t ! p]son kn[+ly violat$ ! antitru/ laws1 ! c\rt %all deem ! conduct or transaction to be anticompetitive4 4 #eaj4 ,limit on contract+ ,! head ( an ,executive ag5cy may n aw>d a contract = ! procurem5t ( goods or s]vices to any p]son t has be5 f\nd by a tri] ( fact 9 a c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction to h violat$ any ( ! antitru/ laws1 except = section #g ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ah71 on or aft] ! date t is #e ye>s be=e ! date on :i* ! procurem5t process = ! goods or s]vices beg9s4 #eaa4 ,prohibit+ discrim9ation 9 di/ribution ,! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab et seq47 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #bi1 z add$ by section #eji ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+3 #cj4 ,prohibit+ discrim9ation 9 di/ribution 7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,di/ribut$ product ,! t]m di/ribut$ product means a good or s]vice t is di/ribut$ by a p]son o!r ?an ! p]son :i* manufactures or provides ! good or s]vice4 7#b7 ,di/ribution ,m>ket ,! t]m di/ribution m>ket means ! geographic & product m>kets = ! di/ribution ( a di/ribut$ product4 7b7 ,discrim9ation by p]sons ) monopoly p[] ,a p]son ) monopoly p[] 9 a di/ribution m>ket1 t also (f]s a product or s]vice t competes ) a di/ribut$ product 9 ! di/ribution m>ket 9 :i* x has monopoly p[]1 may n engage 9 discrim9ation 9 t di/ribution m>ket t h>ms competition 9 ! m>ket = ! di/ribut$ product4 4 #eab4 ,au?orizations ( appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ = ! ,antitru/ ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice #fjj1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbb4