,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #abde  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,april #bj1 #bjba,mr4  
,graham introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to combat ! !ft 
( trade secrets by ,*9a1 & = o!r        
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title2 table (     
cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may  
be cit$ z ! ,combat+ ,*9ese ,purlo9+ (  
,trade ,secrets ,act or ! ,,ccp ,trade  
,secrets ,act4  7b7 ,table ( cont5ts ,! 
table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is z foll[s3 
,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table (          
cont5ts4,,title ,i--,increas$ p5alties =
 violations ( section #beab ( title #ah1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 involv+ a =eign   
government,sec4 #aja4 ,manufacture1     
di/ribution1 possession1 & adv]tis+ (   
wire1 oral1 or electronic communication 
int]cept+ devices prohibit$4,,title     
,,ii--,protect+ ,u4,s4 bus9esses f =eign
 trade secret theft,sec4 #bja4 ,%ort    
title4,sec4 #bjb4 ,prohibition on       
misappropriat+ ,u4,s4 trade             

secrets4,,title ,,iii--,combat+         
cybercrime,sec4 #cja4 ,%ort title4,sec4 
#cjb4 ,pr$icate (f5ses4,sec4 #cjc4      
,=feiture4,sec4 #cjd4 ,%utt+ d[n        
botnets4,sec4 #cje4 ,aggravat$ damage to
 a critical infra/ructure comput]4,sec4 
#cjf4 ,/opp+ traffick+ 9 botnets2 fraud 
& relat$ activity 9 connection )        
comput]s4,,title ,,iv--,espionage1 !ft (
 trade secrets1 & improp] int]f]5ce 9   
,unit$ ,/ates elections,sec4 #dja4      
,espionage1 !ft ( trade secrets1 !ft (  
intellectual prop]ty1 involvem5t 9      
comm]cial fraud s*emes1 & improp]       
int]f]5ce 9 ,unit$ ,/ates               
elections4,sec4 #djb4 ,visa &           
nonimmigrant /atus re/rictions4,,title  
,v--,gov]nm5t-fund$ rese>* projects,sec4
 #eja4 ,f9d+s4,sec4 #ejb4               
,def9itions4,sec4 #ejc4 ,approval (     
cov]$ p]sons 9 s5sitive ,gov]nm5t-fund$ 
rese>* projects4,sec4 #ejd4 ,disclosure 
( rese>* assi/ance f =eign gov]nm5ts4   
,i ,increas$ p5alties = violations (    
section #beab ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates

 ,code1 involv+ a =eign gov]nm5t  #aja4 
,manufacture1 di/ribution1 possession1 &
 adv]tis+ ( wire1 oral1 or electronic   
communication int]cept+ devices         
prohibit$  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #beab (
 title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is     
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#d7  
,any p]son :o violates ?is section ) !  
int5t to b5efit any gov]nm5t ( a =eign  
c\ntry 7z def9$ 9 section #a ( ! ,=eign 
,ag5ts ,regi/ration ,act ( #aich1 z     
am5d$ 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #faa771 ag5cy or   
in/rum5tality ( a =eign /ate 7z def9$ 9 
section #afjc7;b7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code71 or ag5t ( a =eign        
pr9cipal 7z def9$ 9 section #a ( !      
,=eign ,ag5ts ,regi/ration ,act ( #aich1
 z am5d$ 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #faa77 %all be  
f9$ "u ?is title1 imprison$ = n m ?an   
#bj ye>s1 or bo?4  4  7b7 ,s5t5c+       
enhancem5t = =eign involvem5t 9         
violations ( section #beab ( title #ah1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code ,pursuant to its    
au?ority "u section #iid ( title #bh1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates    

,s5t5c+ ,commission %all review & am5d !
 ,f$]al s5t5c+ guidel9es to ensure t !  
guidel9es provide an additional p5alty  
increase ( n few] ?an #d (f5se levels if
 ! def5dant violat$ section #beab (     
title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ) !     
int5t to b5efit any gov]nm5t ( a =eign  
c\ntry1 ag5cy or in/rum5tality ( a =eign
 /ate1 or ag5t ( a =eign pr9cipal4  ,,ii
 ,protect+ ,u4,s4 bus9esses f =eign     
trade secret !ft  #bja4 ,%ort title ,?is
 title may be cit$ z ! ,protect+ ,u4,s4 
,bus9esses f ,=eign ,trade ,secrets ,!ft
 ,act ( #bjba4  #bjb4 ,prohibition on   
misappropriat+ ,u4,s4 trade secrets  7a7
 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #ij ( title #ah1 ,unit$
 ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end
 ! foll[+3  #ahdj4 ,applicability to    
=eign p]sons  7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is    
section-- 7#a7 ! t]m critical te*nology 
has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m critical         
te*nologies 9 section #gba ( ! ,def5se  
,production ,act ( #aiej 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 
#defe72  7#b7 ! t]m designat$ ,f$]al    
ag5cy means-- 7,a7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel&

 ,security2  7,b7 ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms &      
,bord] ,protection2  7,c7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,comm]ce2  7,d7 ! ,securities & ,ex*ange
 ,commission2  7,e7 ! ,export-,import   
,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7,f7 !        
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate2 &  7,g7 ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice2  7#c7 
! t]m =eign p]son means a p]son t is n a
 ,unit$ ,/ates p]son2  7#d7 ! t]m       
,int]national ,trade ,commission means !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,int]national ,trade     
,commission2  7#e7 ! t]m (f5d+ =eign    
p]son means a =eign p]son-- 7,a7 :o     
misappropriates a trade secret2 &  7,b7 
) respect to :om a petition submitt$ "u 
subsection 7b77#a7 satisfies !          
requirem5ts "u t subsection1 z det]m9$  
by ! ,attorney ,g5]al2  7#f7 ! t]m p]son
 means-- 7,a7 an individual2 &  7,b7 a  
corporation1 bus9ess association1       
p>tn]%ip1 society1 or tru/1 any o!r     
nongov]nm5tal entity1 organization1 or  
gr\p1 & any gov]nm5tal entity op]at+ z a
 bus9ess ent]prise2 &  7#g7 ! t]m ,unit$
 ,/ates p]son means-- 7,a7 a ,unit$     

,/ates citiz5 or an ali5 lawfully       
admitt$ = p]man5t resid5ce to ! ,unit$  
,/ates2  7,b7 a corporation or o!r legal
 entity t is organiz$ "u ! laws ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 any ,/ate or t]ritory    
!re(1 or ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia2 &  7,c7
 a corporation or o!r legal entity-- 7i7
 organiz$ "u ! laws ( a jurisdiction    
outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7ii7 )    
respect to :i* a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son    
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 or 7,b7--   
7,i7 holds m ?an #ej p]c5t ( ! equity   
int]e/ by vote or value2  7,,ii7 holds a
 majority ( seats on ! bo>d ( directors2
 or  7,,iii7 o!rwise controls ! actions1
 policies1 or p]sonnel decisions4  7b7  
,petition = relief  7#a7 ,demon/ration (
 misappropriation ,if an own] ( a trade 
secret1 :o is a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son1    
wi%es to h ! ,attorney ,g5]al or ! head 
( ! applicable designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy   
apply a p5alty "u subsection 7c7 to a   
=eign p]son :o has misappropriat$ !     
trade secret1 ! own] %all submit to !   
,attorney ,g5]al a petition demon/rat+  

t-- 7,a7 7i7 a c\rt has ent]$ a tempor>y
 re/ra9+ ord]1 prelim9>y injunction1 or 
f9al judgm5t "u section #ahcf ( ?is     
title aga9/ ! =eign p]son =             
misappropriat+ a trade secret ( ! own]2 
7ii7 ! ,int]national ,trade ,commission 
has issu$ a tempor>y exclusion ord] or  
f9al exclusion ord] "u section #ccg ( ! 
,t>iff ,act ( #aicj 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4      
#accg7 aga9/ ! =eign p]son =            
misappropriat+ a trade secret ( ! own]2 
or  7iii7 an indictm5t has be5 issu$ "u 
section #ahca or #ahcb ( ?is title aga9/
 ! =eign p]son = misappropriat+ a trade 
secret ( ! own]2  7,b7 ! trade secret   
describ$ 9 ! applicable clause (        
subp>agraph 7,a7 involves or is a       
compon5t ( critical te*nology2 &  7,c7 !
 rem$ies available to ! own] "u section 
#ahcf ( ?is title or section #ccg ( !   
,t>iff ,act ( #aicj 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4      
#accg71 z applicable1 are unlikely to   
provide complete relief to ! own]       
because ! =eign p]son has us$ or is     
reasonably likely to use !              

misappropriat$ trade secret 9 ! home    
c\ntry ( ! =eign p]son or a ?ird c\ntry1
 su* t activities ( ! =eign p]son       
relevant to ! det]m9ations "u           
subp>agraph 7,a7 take place outside !   
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,review ,n lat] ?an
 #fj days aft] ! date on :i* an own] :o 
is a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son submits a      
petition to ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u       
p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all  
det]m9e :e!r ! petition satisfies !     
requirem5ts "u t p>agraph4  7#c7        
,notification ,if ! ,attorney ,g5]al    
det]m9es "u p>agraph 7#b7 t a petition  
satisfies ! requirem5ts "u p>agraph     
7#a71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all s notify !
 head ( ea* designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy n    
lat] ?an #cj days aft] ! date ( !       
det]m9ation4  7#d7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x 
is ! s5se ( ,congress t if ! ,attorney  
,g5]al det]m9es "u p>agraph 7#b7 t a    
petition relat+ to a =eign p]son        
satisfies ! requirem5ts "u p>agraph     
7#a71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al & ! head ( ea* 
designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy %\ld impose #a or

 m p5alties on ! =eign p]son "u         
subsection 7c71 to ! ext5t t ! p5alties 
are applicable4  7c7 ,p5alties  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,subject to p>agraphs 7#b7 & 7#c71
 n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! date on :i* 
! ,attorney ,g5]al provides notice to ! 
head ( ea* designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy "u    
subsection 7b77#c7 ) respect to an (f5d+
 =eign p]son1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al or !   
head ( a designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy1 z      
applicable1 may impose #a or m ( !      
foll[+ p5alties on ! (f5d+ =eign p]son3 
7,a7 ,import re/riction ,! ,commission] 
( ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms & ,bord] ,protection   
may exclude f entry into ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 any articles produc$ by ! (f5d+ =eign  
p]son4  7,b7 ,export lic5ses  7i7       
,dual-use exports ,! ,secret>y (        
,comm]ce may refuse to issue any        
specific lic5se1 or grant any o!r       
specific p]mission or au?ority1 = !     
export1 reexport1 or 9-c\ntry transf] ( 
items to ! (f5d+ =eign p]son "u !       
,export ,control ,re=m ,act ( #bjah 7#ej
 ,u4,s4,c4 #dhja et seq474  7ii7 ,def5se

 articles & def5se s]vices ,! ,secret>y 
( ,/ate may refuse to issue any lic5se  
or o!r approval = ! export ( def5se     
articles or def5se s]vices to ! (f5d+   
=eign p]son "u ! ,arms ,export ,control 
,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bgea et seq474     
7,c7 ,re/rict$ p>ties  7i7 ,comm]ce li/s
 ,! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce may add ! (f5d+
 =eign p]son to "o ( ! foll[+ li/s      
ma9ta9$ by ! ,bureau ( ,indu/ry &       
,secret>y ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce3 7,i7
 ,! ,entity ,li/ set =? 9 ,supplem5t    
,no4 #d to "p #gdd ( ! ,export          
,adm9i/ration ,regulations "u sub*apt]  
,c ( *apt] ,,vii ( title #ae1 ,code (   
,f$]al ,regulations4  7,,ii7 ,! ,d5i$   
,p]sons ,li/ ma9ta9$ pursuant to section
 #gfd4c ( ! ,export ,adm9i/ration       
,regulations4  7ii7 ,treasury li/ ,!    
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury may add ! (f5d+ 
=eign p]son to ! li/ ( specially        
designat$ nationals & block$ p]sons     
ma9ta9$ by ! ,(fice ( ,=eign ,assets    
,control ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury4   
7,d7 ,securities report+ ,! ,securities 

& ,ex*ange ,commission may det]m9e :e!r 
! use by ! (f5d+ =eign p]son ( !        
misappropriat$ trade secret is a        
reportable mat]ial condition 9 any fil+ 
by ! (f5d+ =eign p]son requir$ "u       
applicable securities laws ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates4  7,e7 ,pat5t protection ,! ,"u  
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce = ,intellectual    
,prop]ty & ,director ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,pat5t & ,tradem>k ,(fice may prohibit !
 (f5d+ =eign p]son f apply+ = pat5t     
protection1 be+ li/$ z an inv5tor on a  
pat5t application1 or cont9u+ a pat5t   
application "u title #ce1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code4  7,f7 ,export-,import ,bank      
assi/ance = exports to =eign p]son ,!   
,export-,import ,bank ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
may refuse to approve ! issuance ( any  
gu>antee1 insurance1 ext5sion ( cr$it1  
or p>ticipation 9 ! ext5sion ( cr$it 9  
connection ) ! export ( any goods or    
s]vices to ! (f5d+ =eign p]son4  7,g7   
,exclusion ( corporate (fic]s ,!        
,secret>y ( ,/ate may d5y a visa        
application1 & ! ,secret>y ( ,homel&    

,security may d5y an application =      
admission to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( any ali5
 t ! applicable ,secret>y det]m9es is a 
corporate (fic] or pr9cipal (1 or a     
%>ehold] ) a controll+ int]e/ 91 ! (f5d+
 =eign p]son4  7,h7 ,o!r p5alties ,!    
,attorney ,g5]al or ! head ( a designat$
 ,f$]al ag5cy-- 7i7 may n procure1 or   
ent] into a contract = ! procurem5t (1  
any goods or s]vices f ! (f5d+ =eign    
p]son2  7ii7 may prohibit1 pursuant to  
notice issu$ by ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 a   
,unit$ ,/ates p]son f kn[+ly inve/+ 9 or
 pur*as+ significant am\nts ( equity or 
debt in/rum5ts ( ! (f5d+ =eign p]son2   
7iii7 may impose on a pr9cipal executive
 (fic] ( ! (f5d+ =eign p]son1 or on an  
individual p]=m+ simil> functions & )   
simil> au?orities z su* an (fic]1 any   
p5alty "u ?is subsection t c\ld be      
impos$ on ! (f5d+ =eign p]son2 &  7iv7  
may impose on ! (f5d+ =eign p]son any   
o!r p5alty au?oriz$ "u any provision (  
,f$]al law1 z det]m9$ appropriate4  7#b7
 ,duration ( p5alties  7,a7 ,tempor>y   

p5alty ,if a c\rt ent]s a tempor>y      
re/ra9+ ord] or prelim9>y injunction "u 
section #ahcf ( ?is title aga9/ an (f5d+
 =eign p]son = misappropriat+ a trade   
secret1 ! ,int]national ,trade          
,commission issues a tempor>y exclusion 
ord] "u section #ccg ( ! ,t>iff ,act (  
#aicj 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 #accg7 aga9/ an    
(f5d+ =eign p]son = misappropriat+ a    
trade secret1 or an indictm5t is issu$  
"u section #ahca or #ahcb ( ?is title   
aga9/ an (f5d+ =eign p]son =            
misappropriat+ a trade secret1 !        
,attorney ,g5]al or ! head ( a designat$
 ,f$]al ag5cy may impose a p5alty "u    
p>agraph 7#a7 on ! (f5d+ =eign p]son    
dur+ ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! tempor>y re/ra9+
 ord]1 prelim9>y injunction1 tempor>y   
exclusion ord]1 or indictm5t rema9s 9   
effect4  7,b7 ,p]man5t p5alty ,if a c\rt
 ent]s a f9al judgm5t "u section #ahcf (
 ?is title aga9/ an (f5d+ =eign p]son = 
misappropriat+ a trade secret1 !        
,int]national ,trade ,commission issues 
a f9al exclusion ord] "u section #ccg ( 

! ,t>iff ,act ( #aicj 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4    
#accg7 aga9/ an (f5d+ =eign p]son =     
misappropriat+ a trade secret1 or an    
(f5d+ =eign p]son is convict$ "u section
 #ahcaor #ahcb ( ?is title (            
misappropriat+ a trade secret1 !        
,attorney ,g5]al or ! head ( a designat$
 ,f$]al ag5cy may p]man5tly impose a    
p5alty "u p>agraph 7#a7 on ! =eign      
p]son4  7#c7 ,petition = review  7,a7 ,9
 g5]al ,if ! ,attorney ,g5]al or ! head 
( a designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy imposes a    
tempor>y p5alty "u p>agraph 7#b77;,a7 or
 a p]man5t p5alty "u p>agraph 7#b77;,b7 
on an (f5d+ =eign p]son1 ! (f5d+ =eign  
p]son may submit to ! ,attorney ,g5]al  
or ! head ( ! designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy a  
petition = ! revocation or modification 
( ! p5alty-- 7i7 n lat] #de days aft] ! 
date on :i* ! p5alty is impos$2 or  7ii7
 9 ! case ( a p]man5t p5alty1 if ! f9al 
judgm5t1 f9al exclusion ord]1 or        
conviction ^u :i* ! p]man5t p5alty is   
bas$ is rev]s$ on appeal or o!rwise     
vacat$1 n lat] ?an #de days aft] ! date 

( ! rev]sal or vacatur4  7,b7 ,cont5ts (
 petition  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,an (f5d+ =eign 
p]son %all include 9 a petition submitt$
 "u subp>agraph 7,a7 a full writt5      
/atem5t 9 support ( ! position ( ! (f5d+
 =eign p]son1 includ+ a precise /atem5t 
( :y-- 7,i7 an insuffici5t basis exi/s =
 ! p5alty2 or  7,,ii7 ! circum/ances    
result+ 9 ! p5alty no long] apply4  7ii7
 ,rem$ial /eps ,an (f5d+ =eign p]son    
may1 9 a petition submitt$ "u           
subp>agraph 7,a71 propose rem$ial /eps t
 w\ld negate ! basis = ! p5alty4  7,c7  
,det]m9ation ,! ,attorney ,g5]al or !   
head ( a designat$ ,f$]al ag5cy1 z      
applicable1 %all make a det]m9ation )   
respect to a petition submitt$ "u       
subp>agraph 7,a74  7d7 ,report  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date (  
enactm5t ( ?is section1 & ea* ye>       
!reaft]1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 9          
coord9ation ) ! head ( ea* designat$    
,f$]al ag5cy1 %all submit to !          
,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & !
 ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se (  

,repres5tatives a report t-- 7,a7 )     
respect to ! prec$+ ye>-- 7i7 id5tifies 
=eign c\ntries1 /ate-own$ &             
/ate-controll$ entities1 & o!r p]sons t 
engag$ 9 ! misappropriation ( trade     
secrets own$ by ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons2   
7ii7 describes any /rategy us$ by a     
=eign c\ntry to und]take                
misappropriation ( trade secrets own$ by
 ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons2  7iii7 id5tifies 
categories ( te*nologies develop$ by1 or
 trade secrets own$ by1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
p]sons t 7 t>get$ = misappropriation2   
7iv7 li/s legal actions tak5 "u section 
#ahcf ( ?is title1 section #ccg ( !     
,t>iff ,act ( #aicj 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4      
#accg71 or section #ahca or #ahcb ( ?is 
title-- 7,i7 aga9/ an (f5d+ =eign p]son 
:o misappropriat$ a trade secret own$ by
 a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son2 &  7,,ii7 z a   
result ( :i* ! products ( ! (f5d+ =eign 
p]son describ$ 9 subclause 7,i7 may nev]
 ent] ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7v7 describes 
progress made 9 decreas+ ! preval5ce (  
misappropriation ( trade secrets own$ by

 ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons2 &  7,b7 recomm5ds
 /rategies to ! ,committee on !         
,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives  
to decrease ! misappropriation by =eign 
p]sons ( trade secrets own$ by ,unit$   
,/ates p]sons4  7#b7 ,=m ( report ,a    
report submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all be
 submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m b may conta9 
a classifi$ annex4  4  7b7 ,table (     
sections ,! table ( sections = *apt] #ij
 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is   
am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #ahdj4
 ,applicability to =eign p]sons4  4     
,,iii ,combat+ cyb]crime  #cja4 ,%ort   
title ,?is title may be cit$ z !        
,int]national ,cyb]crime ,prev5tion     
,act4  #cjb4 ,pr$icate (f5ses ,"p ,i (  
title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is      
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section                  
#aief7;c77#g77;,d7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ or   
section #bcci;,d & ins]t+ section       
#bcci;,d2 &  7,b7 by /rik+ ( ?is title1 
section #dfejb & ins]t+ 1 or section    
#beab 7relat+ to ! manufacture1         

di/ribution1 possession1 & adv]tis+ (   
wire1 oral1 or electronic communication 
int]cept+ devices7 ( ?is title1 section 
#dfejb2 &  7#b7 9 section #aifa7a71 by  
ins]t+ section #ajcj 7relat+ to fraud & 
relat$ activity 9 connection ) comput]s7
 if ! act indictable "u section #ajcj is
 feloni\s1 be=e section #ajhd4  #cjc4   
,=feiture  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #beac (
 title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is     
am5d$ to read z foll[s3  #beac4         
,confiscation ( wire1 oral1 or          
electronic communication int]cept+      
devices & o!r prop]ty  7a7 ,crim9al     
=feiture  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! c\rt1 9      
impos+ a s5t5ce on any p]son convict$ ( 
a violation ( section #beaa or #beab1 or
 convict$ ( conspiracy to violate       
section #beaa or #beab1 %all ord]1 9    
addition to any o!r s5t5ce impos$ &     
irrespective ( any provision ( ,/ate    
law1 t su* p]son =feit to ! ,unit$      
,/ates-- 7,a7 su* p]son's int]e/ 9 any  
prop]ty1 real or p]sonal1 t 0 us$ or    
int5d$ to be us$ to commit or to        

facilitate ! commission ( su* violation2
 &  7,b7 any prop]ty1 real or p]sonal1  
con/itut+ or d]iv$ f any gross proce$s1 
or any prop]ty traceable to su* prop]ty1
 t su* p]son obta9$ or reta9$ directly  
or indirectly z a result ( su*          
violation4  7#b7 ,=feiture proc$ures    
,pursuant to section #bdfa7;c7 ( title  
#bh1 ! provisions ( section #dac ( !    
,controll$ ,sub/ances ,act 7#ba         
,u4,s4,c4 #hec71 o!r ?an subsection 7d7 
!re(1 %all apply to crim9al =feitures "u
 ?is subsection4  7b7 ,civil =feiture   
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! foll[+ %all be subject 
to =feiture to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9        
accordance ) provisions ( *apt] #df & no
 prop]ty "r %all exi/ 9 !m3 7,a7 ,any   
prop]ty1 real or p]sonal1 us$ or int5d$ 
to be us$1 9 any mann]1 to commit1 or   
facilitate ! commission ( a violation ( 
section #beaa or #beab1 or a conspiracy 
to violate section #beaa or #beab4  7,b7
 ,any prop]ty1 real or p]sonal1         
con/itut+1 or traceable to ! gross      
proce$s tak51 obta9$1 or reta9$ 9       

connection ) or z a result ( a violation
 ( section #beaa or #beab1 or a         
conspiracy to violate section #beaa or  
#beab4  7#b7 ,=feiture proc$ures        
,seizures & =feitures "u ?is subsection 
%all be gov]n$ by ! provisions ( *apt]  
#df relat+ to civil =feitures1 except t 
su* duties z are impos$ on ! ,secret>y (
 ! ,treasury "u ! cu/oms laws describ$ 9
 section #iha7;d7 %all be p]=m$ by su*  
(fic]s1 ag5ts1 & o!r p]sons z may be    
designat$ = t purpose by ! ,secret>y (  
,homel& ,security or ! ,attorney ,g5]al4
  4  7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,!  
table ( sections = *apt] #aai is am5d$  
by /rik+ ! item relat+ to section #beac 
& ins]t+ ! foll[+3  #beac4 ,confiscation
 ( wire1 oral1 or electronic            
communication int]cept+ devices & o!r   
prop]ty4  4  #cjd4 ,%utt+ d[n botnets   
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #acde ( title #ah1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 
! head+1 by ins]t+ & abuse aft] fraud2  
7#b7 9 subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 
7#a7-- 7i7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ 

or at ! end2  7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,c71  
by ins]t+ or aft] ! semicolon2 &  7iii7 
by ins]t+ aft] subp>agraph 7,c7 !       
foll[+3  7,d7 violat+ or ab\t to violate
 section #ajcj7;a77#e7 ( ?is title :]e  
su* conduct has caus$ or w\ld cause     
damage 7z def9$ 9 section #ajcj7 )\t    
au?orization to #ajj or m protect$      
comput]s 7z def9$ 9 section #ajcj7 dur+ 
any #a-ye> p]iod1 includ+ by-- 7i7      
impair+ ! availability or integrity ( ! 
protect$ comput]s )\t au?orization2 or  
7ii7 in/all+ or ma9ta9+ control ov]     
malici\s s(tw>e on ! protect$ comput]s  
t1 )\t au?orization1 has caus$ or w\ld  
cause damage to ! protect$ comput]s2  2 
&  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 9 ! matt]      
prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by ins]t+ 1 a  
violation describ$ 9 subsection         
7a77#a77;,d71 be=e or a ,f$]al2 &  7#c7 
by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7c7 ,a      
re/ra9+ ord]1 prohibition1 or o!r action
 describ$ 9 subsection 7b71 if issu$ 9  
circum/ances describ$ 9 subsection      
7a77#a77;,d71 may1 ^u application ( !   

,attorney ,g5]al-- 7#a7 specify t no    
cause ( action %all lie 9 any c\rt aga9/
 a p]son = comply+ ) ! re/ra9+ ord]1    
prohibition1 or o!r action2 &  7#b7     
provide t ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all pay to   
su* p]son a fee = reimbursem5t = su*    
co/s z are reasonably necess>y & :i* h  
be5 directly incurr$ 9 comply+ ) !      
re/ra9+ ord]1 prohibition1 or o!r       
action4  4  7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+      
am5dm5t ,! table ( sections = *apt] #fc 
( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is    
am5d$ by /rik+ ! item relat+ to section 
#acde & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  #acde4        
,injunctions aga9/ fraud & abuse4  4    
#cje4 ,aggravat$ damage to a critical   
infra/ructure comput]  7a7 ,9 g5]al     
,*apt] #dg ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section  
#ajcj ! foll[+3  #ajcj;,a4 ,aggravat$   
damage to a critical infra/ructure      
comput]  7a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be unlawful1
 dur+ & 9 relation to a felony violation
 ( section #ajcj1 to kn[+ly cause or    
attempt to cause damage to a critical   

infra/ructure comput]1 if su* damage    
results 9 7or1 9 ! case ( an attempt$   
(f5se1 w\ld1 if complet$1 h result$ 97 !
 sub/antial impairm5t-- 7#a7 ( !        
op]ation ( ! critical infra/ructure     
comput]2 or  7#b7 ( ! critical          
infra/ructure associat$ ) su* comput]4  
7b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o violates      
subsection 7a7 %all1 9 addition to ! t]m
 ( puni%m5t provid$ = ! felony violation
 ( section #ajcj1 be f9$ "u ?is title1  
imprison$ = n m ?an #bj ye>s1 or bo?4   
7c7 ,consecutive s5t5ce ,not)/&+ any o!r
 provision ( law-- 7#a7 a c\rt %all n   
place any p]son convict$ ( a violation (
 ?is section on probation2  7#b7 except 
z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#d71 no t]m (     
imprisonm5t impos$ on a p]son "u ?is    
section %all run concurr5tly ) any t]m (
 imprisonm5t impos$ on ! p]son "u any   
o!r provision ( law1 includ+ any t]m (  
imprisonm5t impos$ = ! felony violation 
( section #ajcj2  7#c7 9 det]m9+ any t]m
 ( imprisonm5t to be impos$ = ! felony  
violation ( section #ajcj1 a c\rt %all n

 9 any way r$uce ! t]m to be impos$ =   
su* violation to comp5sate =1 or o!rwise
 take into acc\nt1 any sep>ate t]m (    
imprisonm5t impos$ or to be impos$ = a  
violation ( ?is section2 &  7#d7 a t]m (
 imprisonm5t impos$ on a p]son = a      
violation ( ?is section may1 9 !        
discretion ( ! c\rt1 run concurr5tly1 9 
:ole or 9 "p1 only ) ano!r t]m (        
imprisonm5t t is impos$ by ! c\rt at !  
same "t on t p]son = an additional      
violation ( ?is section1 if su*         
discretion %all be ex]cis$ 9 accordance 
) any applicable guidel9es & policy     
/atem5ts issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates       
,s5t5c+ ,commission pursuant to section 
#iid ( title #bh4  7d7 ,def9itions ,9   
?is section-- 7#a7 ! t]ms comput] &     
damage h ! mean+s giv5 ! t]ms 9 section 
#ajcj2 &  7#b7 ! t]m critical           
infra/ructure means sy/ems & assets1    
:e!r physical or virtual1 s vital to !  
,unit$ ,/ates t ! incapacity or         
de/ruction ( su* sy/ems & assets w\ld h 
cata/rophic regional or national effects

 on public heal? or safety1 economic    
security1 or national security1 includ+ 
vot] regi/ration databases1 vot+ ma*9es1
 & o!r communications sy/ems t manage ! 
election process or report & display    
results on behalf ( ,/ate & local       
gov]nm5ts4  4  7b7 ,table ( sections ,! 
table ( sections = *apt] #dg ( title    
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by   
ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section    
#ajcj ! foll[+3  #ajcj;,a4 ,aggravat$   
damage to a critical infra/ructure      
comput]4  4  #cjf4 ,/opp+ traffick+ 9   
botnets2 fraud & relat$ activity 9      
connection ) comput]s  7a7 ,9 g5]al     
,section #ajcj ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9         
subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ p>agraph 
7#b7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7#b7 7,a7      
int5tionally accesses a comput] )\t     
au?orization or exce$s au?oriz$ access1 
& !reby obta9s in=mation1 if-- 7i7 !    
conduct 0 und]tak5 9 fur!rance ( any    
felony violation ( ! laws ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates or ( any ,/ate1 unless an elem5t 

( su* violation w\ld require pro( t !   
in=mation 0 obta9$ )\t au?orization or 9
 excess ( au?orization2 or  7ii7 !      
protect$ comput] is own$ or op]at$ by or
 on behalf ( a ,/ate or local gov]nm5tal
 entity responsible = ! adm9i/ration (  
ju/ice1 public heal?1 or safety1 or own$
 or op]at$ by or on behalf ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,gov]nm5t2 or  7,b7 int5tionally 
accesses a comput] )\t au?orization1 &  
!reby obta9s in=mation f any protect$   
comput]2  2  7,b7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#f7
 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7#f7 kn[+ su*      
conduct to be wrongful1 int5tionally    
traffics 9 any password or simil>       
in=mation1 or any o!r means ( access1   
fur!r kn[+ or hav+ reason to "k t a     
protect$ comput] w\ld be access$ or     
damag$ )\t au?orization 9 a mann]       
prohibit$ by ?is section z ! result (   
su* traffick+2  2  7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#g71
 by add+ or at ! end2 &  7,d7 by ins]t+ 
aft] p>agraph 7#g7 ! foll[+3  7#h7      
int5tionally traffics 9 ! means ( access
 to a protect$ comput]1 if-- 7,a7 !     

traffick] kn[s or has reason to "k !    
protect$ comput] has be5 damag$ 9 a     
mann] prohibit$ by ?is section2 &  7,b7 
! promise or agreem5t to pay = ! means (
 access is made by1 or on behalf (1 a   
p]son ! traffick] kn[s or has reason to 
"k int5ds to use ! means ( access to--  
7i7 damage a protect$ comput] )\t       
au?orization2 or  7ii7 violate section  
#ajcg or #acdc2  2  7#b7 9 subsection   
7c7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by /rik+ 1  
7a77#c71 or 7a77#f7 ea* place x appe>s &
 ins]t+ or 7a77#c72  7,b7 9 p>agraph    
7#c7-- 7i7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ 
7a77#d7 or 7a77#g7 & ins]t+ 7a77#d71    
7a77#g71 or 7a77#h72 &  7ii7 9          
subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ 7a77#d71 or  
7a77#g7 & ins]t+ 7a77#d71 7a77#g71 or   
7a77#h72 &  7,c7 9 p>agraph 7#d7-- 7i7 9
 subp>agraph 7,c77i71 by /rik+ or an    
attempt to commit an (f5se2 &  7ii7 9   
subp>agraph 7,d71 by /rik+ clause 7ii7 &
 ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7ii7 an (f5se1 or an 
attempt to commit an (f5se1 "u          
subsection 7a77#f72  2  7#c7 9          

subsection 7e7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ p>agraph 
7#f7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  7#f7 ! t]m     
exce$s au?oriz$ access means-- 7,a7 7i7 
to access a comput] ) au?orization &    
!reby to kn[+ly obta9 in=mation f su*   
comput] t ! accessor is n entitl$ to    
obta92 or  7ii7 to kn[+ly obta9 any     
in=mation f su* comput] = a purpose t is
 prohibit$ by ! comput] own]2 &  7,b7   
provid$ t ! limitation on access to or  
use ( ! in=mation is n bas$ solely on ! 
t]ms gov]n+ use ( an onl9e s]vice by    
cu/om]s or subscrib]s !re(1 includ+ t]ms
 set =? 9 an acceptable use policy or   
t]ms ( s]vice2  2  7,b7 by /rik+        
p>agraph 7#aj72  7,c7 by r$esignat+     
p>agraphs 7#aa7 & 7#ab7 z p>agraphs     
7#aj7 & 7#aa71 respectively2  7,d7 9    
p>agraph 7#aj71 z s r$esignat$1 by /rik+
 &2  7,e7 9 p>agraph 7#aa71 z s         
r$esignat$1 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & 
ins]t+ a semicolon2 &  7,f7 by add+ at !
 end ! foll[+3  7#ab7 ! t]m onl9e       
s]vice-- 7,a7 means an electronic       
communication s]vice 7z def9$ 9 section 

#beaj7 to ! public1 a remote comput+    
s]vice 7z def9$ 9 section #bgaa71 or o!r
 s]vice t provides cont5t or comput+    
s]vices to ! public ov] ! ,int]net2 &   
7,b7 does n include an ent]prise s]vice2
  7#ac7 ! t]m ent]prise s]vice means any
 electronic communication s]vice 7z     
def9$ 9 section #beaj7 to ! public1     
remote comput+ s]vice 7z def9$ 9 section
 #bgaa71 or o!r s]vice t provides cont5t
 or comput+ s]vices to ! public = :i* ! 
us]1 cu/om]1 or subscrib] has paid1 or  
on ^: behalf has be5 paid1 m ?an #aj1jjj
 9 a cal5d> ye> 9 ex*ange = ! "r to     
access or use ! s]vice2 &  7#ad7 ! t]m  
traffic1 except z provid$ 9 subsection  
7a77#f71 means transf]1 or o!rwise      
dispose (1 to ano!r z consid]ation = !  
receipt (1 or z consid]ation = a promise
 or agreem5t to pay1 any?+ ( pecuni>y   
value4  2  7#d7 9 subsection 7g71 9 !   
fir/ s5t5ce1 by ins]t+ 1 except = a     
violation ( subsection 7a77#f71 aft] (  
?is section2 &  7#e7 by /rik+           
subsections 7i7 & 7j7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3

  7i7 ,crim9al =feiture  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! c\rt1 9 impos+ a s5t5ce on any p]son 
convict$ ( a violation ( ?is section1 or
 convict$ ( conspiracy to violate ?is   
section1 %all ord]1 9 addition to any   
o!r s5t5ce impos$ & irrespective ( any  
provision ( ,/ate law1 t su* p]son =feit
 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7,a7 su* p]son's  
int]e/ 9 any prop]ty1 real or p]sonal1 t
 0 us$ or int5d$ to be us$ to commit or 
to facilitate ! commission ( su*        
violation2 &  7,b7 any prop]ty1 real or 
p]sonal1 con/itut+ or d]iv$ f any gross 
proce$s1 or any prop]ty traceable to su*
 prop]ty1 t su* p]son obta9$ or reta9$1 
directly or indirectly1 z a result ( su*
 violation4  7#b7 ,=feiture proc$ures   
,pursuant to section #bdfa7;c7 ( title  
#bh1 ! provisions ( section #dac ( !    
,controll$ ,sub/ances ,act 7#ba         
,u4,s4,c4 #hec71 o!r ?an subsection 7d7 
!re(1 %all apply to crim9al =feitures "u
 ?is subsection4  7j7 ,civil =feiture   
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! foll[+ %all be subject 
to =feiture to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9        

accordance ) *apt] #df1 & no prop]ty "r 
%all exi/ 9 !m3 7,a7 ,any prop]ty1 real 
or p]sonal1 us$ or int5d$ to be us$1 9  
any mann]-- 7i7 to commit1 or facilitate
 ! commission (1 a violation ( ?is      
section2 or  7ii7 9 a conspiracy to     
violate ?is section4  7,b7 ,any prop]ty1
 real or p]sonal1 con/itut+ or traceable
 to ! gross proce$s tak51 obta9$1 or    
reta9$ 9 connection ) or z a result (-- 
7i7 a violation ( ?is section2 or  7ii7 
a conspiracy to violate ?is section4    
7#b7 ,=feiture proc$ures ,seizures &    
=feitures "u ?is subsection %all be     
gov]n$ by ! provisions ( *apt] #df t    
apply to civil =feitures1 except t su*  
duties z are impos$ on ! ,secret>y ( !  
,treasury "u ! cu/oms laws describ$ 9   
section #iha7;d7 %all be p]=m$ by su*   
(fic]s1 ag5ts1 & o!r p]sons z may be    
designat$ = t purpose by ! ,secret>y (  
,homel& ,security or ! ,attorney ,g5]al4
  4  7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t     
,section #gdca7;e77#c7 ( ! ,int]nal     
,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf is am5d$ by /rik+ 

subp>agraph 7,b7 & ins]t+ subp>agraph   
7,b77iii74  ,,iv ,espionage1 !ft ( trade
 secrets1 & improp] int]f]5ce 9 ,unit$  
,/ates elections  #dja4 ,espionage1 !ft 
( trade secrets1 !ft ( intellectual     
prop]ty1 involvem5t 9 comm]cial fraud   
s*emes1 & improp] int]f]5ce 9 ,unit$    
,/ates elections  7a7 ,def9itions       
,section #aja7;a7 ( ! ,immigration &    
,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4         
#aaja7;a77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !  
foll[+3  7#ec7 7,a7 ,! t]m espionage    
means conduct-- 7i7 9 violation (-- 7,i7
 ! ,act ( ,june #ae1 #aiag 7#dj ,/at4   
#bag1 *apt] #cj7 7commonly kn[n z !     
,espionage ,act ( #aiag72  7,,ii7 *apt] 
#ij ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code    
7commonly kn[n z ! ,economic ,espionage 
,act ( #aiif72 or  7,,iii7 any o!r      
,f$]al crim9al law relat+ to an activity
 describ$ 9 clause 7ii72 or  7ii7 7,i7  
by an ali5 :o is "u ! direction (-- 7aa7
 a =eign gov]nm5t2 or  7bb7 an int]m$i>y
 individual or entity t seeks to s]ve1  
support1 or b5efit a =eign gov]nm5t2 &  

7,,ii7 ) respect to confid5tial         
in=mation1 t con/itutes-- 7aa7 /eal+ or1
 )\t au?orization1 appropriat+1 tak+1   
c>ry+ away1 conceal+1 or1 by fraud1     
artifice1 or deception1 obta9+ su*      
in=mation2  7bb7 )\t au?orization1      
copy+1 duplicat+1 sket*+1 draw+1        
photograph+1 d[nload+1 upload+1 alt]+1  
de/roy+1 photocopy+1 replicat+1         
transmitt+1 deliv]+1 s5d+1 mail+1       
communicat+1 or convey+ su* in=mation2  
or  7cc7 receiv+1 buy+1 or possess+ su* 
in=mation1 kn[+ t ! in=mation has be5   
/ol5 or appropriat$1 obta9$1 or conv]t$ 
)\t au?orization4  7,b7 ,! t]m espionage
 includes economic espionage4  7#ed7 ,! 
t]m improp] int]f]5ce 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates 
election means conduct by an ali5 t--   
7,a7 7i7 violates ,f$]al crim9al1 vot+  
rights1 or campaign f9ance law2 or  7ii7
 is "u ! direction (-- 7,i7 a =eign     
gov]nm5t2 or  7,,ii7 an int]m$i>y       
individual or entity t seeks to s]ve1   
support1 or b5efit a =eign gov]nm5t2 &  
7,b7 int]f]es ) a g5]al or prim>y       

,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local election or     
caucus1 includ+-- 7i7 ! campaign ( a    
c&idate2 &  7ii7 a ballot measure1      
includ+-- 7,i7 an am5dm5t2  7,,ii7 a    
bond issue2  7,,iii7 an initiative2     
7,,iv7 a recall2  7,v7 a ref]ral2 &     
7,,vi7 a ref]5dum4  7#ee7 ,! t]m !ft ( a
 trade secret means conduct-- 7,a7 9    
violation (-- 7i7 *apt] #ij ( title #ah1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code 7commonly kn[n z ! 
,economic ,espionage ,act ( #aiif72 or  
7ii7 any o!r ,f$]al crim9al law relat+  
to an activity describ$ 9 subp>agraph   
7,b72 or  7,b7 7i7 by an ali5 :o is "u !
 direction (-- 7,i7 a =eign gov]nm5t2 or
  7,,ii7 an int]m$i>y individual or     
entity t seeks to s]ve1 support1 or     
b5efit a =eign gov]nm5t2 &  7ii7 )      
respect to a trade secret relat+ to a   
product or s]vice us$ or int5d$ = use 9 
int]/ate or =eign comm]ce1 t            
con/itutes-- 7,i7 /eal+ or1 )\t         
au?orization1 appropriat+1 tak+1 c>ry+  
away1 conceal+1 or1 by fraud1 artifice1 
or deception1 obta9+ su* trade secret = 

! economic b5efit ( any p]son o!r ?an ! 
own] ( ! trade secret2  7,,ii7 )\t      
au?orization1 copy+1 duplicat+1 sket*+1 
draw+1 photograph+1 d[nload+1 upload+1  
alt]+1 de/roy+1 photocopy+1 replicat+1  
transmitt+1 deliv]+1 s5d+1 mail+1       
communicat+1 or convey+ su* trade       
secret2 or  7,,iii7 receiv+1 buy+1 or   
possess+ su* trade secret1 kn[+ t !     
trade secret has be5 /ol5 or            
appropriat$1 obta9$1 or conv]t$ )\t     
au?orization4  4  7b7 ,inadmissibility  
,section #bab7;a77#c7 ( ! ,immigration &
 ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4        
#aahb7;a77#c77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end
 ! foll[+3  7,h7 ,espionage & !ft (     
trade secrets ,an ali5 is inadmissible  
if a consul> (fic]1 ! ,secret>y (       
,homel& ,security1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 
or ! ,attorney ,g5]al kn[s1 or has      
reasonable gr\nds to believe-- 7i7 !    
ali5 is seek+ admission or s\ght        
admission to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to engage 9
 espionage or !ft ( a trade secret2     
7ii7 ! ali5 has engag$ or int5ds to     

engage 9 espionage or !ft ( a trade     
secret2 or  7iii7 ! affiliation or      
activities ( ! ali5 )1 or ! control ( ! 
ali5 by1 an individual1 an entity1 or a 
fund+ me*anism kn[n or reasonably       
believ$ to be engag$ 91 or to h !       
int5tion ( engag+ 91 espionage or !ft ( 
a trade secret4  7,i7 ,improp] int]f]5ce
 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates election ,any ali5 :o
 a consul> (fic]1 ! ,secret>y ( ,homel& 
,security1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 or !    
,attorney ,g5]al kn[s1 or has reasonable
 gr\nds to believe1 is seek+ admission  
to ! ,unit$ ,/ates to engage 9 improp]  
int]f]5ce 9 a ,unit$ ,/ates election1 or
 :o has engag$ 9 improp] int]f]5ce 9 a  
,unit$ ,/ates election1 is inadmissible4
  4  7c7 ,deportability ,section        
#bcg7;a7 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality
 ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #abbg7;a77 is am5d$ 
by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#h7        
,espionage & !ft ( trade secrets ,any   
ali5 :o has engag$1 is engag$1 or at any
 "t aft] admission engages 9 espionage  
or !ft ( a trade secret is deportable4  

7#i7 ,improp] int]f]5ce 9 a ,unit$      
,/ates election ,any ali5 :o has engag$1
 is engag$1 or at any "t aft] admission 
engages 9 improp] int]f]5ce 9 a ,unit$  
,/ates election is deportable4  4  #djb4
 ,visa & nonimmigrant /atus re/rictions 
7a7 ,p]iod ( au?oriz$ /ay = c]ta9       
citiz5s & nationals ( ! ,p's ,republic (
 ,*9a ,section #bad7;a77#b7 ( !         
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aahd7;a77#b77 is am5d$ by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7,c7 7i7 ,!    
p]iod ( au?oriz$ /ay = a citiz5 or      
national ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a :o   
seeks admission to ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a  
nonimmigrant describ$ 9 subp>agraph     
7,f71 7,j71 or 7,m7 ( section           
#aja7;a77#ae7 to /udy1 rese>*1 tea*1 or 
"w 9 any field describ$ 9 ! mo/ rec5t   
te*nology al]t li/ ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate
 or 9 section #bba7;j77#a7-- 7,i7 %all  
be-- 7aa7 a fix$ p]iod ( n m ?an #d     
ye>s2 or  7bb7 ! l5g? ( ! program       
id5tifi$ on ! ,=m ,i-#bj1 ,c]tificate ( 
,eligibility = ,nonimmigrant ,/ud5t     

,/atus1 or ! ,=m ,,ds-#bjai1 ,c]tificate
 ( ,eligibility = ,ex*ange ,visitor     
,/atus1 z applicable1 ( su* citiz5 or   
national ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a2 &   
7,,ii7 may be ext5d$ by ! ,secret>y (   
,homel& ,security = #a or m additional  
p]iods ( n m ?an #b ye>s4  7ii7 ,?is    
subp>agraph %all n apply to any national
 ( ,hong ,kong or ,macau4  4  7b7       
,prohibition on issuance ( visas to     
c]ta9 citiz5s & nationals ( ! ,p's      
,republic ( ,*9a ,section #bba ( !      
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #abja7 is am5d$ by add+ at !  
end ! foll[+3  7j7 ,prohibition on      
issuance ( visas to c]ta9 citiz5s &     
nationals ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all 
d5y a visa to1 & ! ,secret>y ( ,homel&  
,security %all n admit into ! ,unit$    
,/ates1 or grant a *ange ( nonimmigrant 
/atus to1 an ali5 :o is a citiz5 or     
national ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a if ! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate or ! ,secret>y (      
,homel& ,security det]m9es t ! ali5--   

7,a7 pres5ts a risk to national         
security2 or  7,b7 o!rwise seeks to ent]
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to p>ticipate 9        
graduate-level c\rsework or rese>* at an
 in/itution ( high] education 7z def9$ 9
 section #aja7;a7 ( ! ,high] ,education 
,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a777 
9 a field describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b74     
7#b7 ,fields describ$ ,! fields describ$
 9 ?is p>agraph are-- 7,a7 ! milit>y or 
intellig5ce sector2  7,b7 ! en]gy       
sector2  7,c7 nucle> sci5ce or nucle>   
eng9e]+2  7,d7 high-end num]ical control
 ma*9]y & robotics2  7,e7 autonom\s     
sy/ems or ma*9e le>n+2  7,f7 artificial 
intellig5ce2  7,g7 production &         
application ( high-p]=mance m$ical      
devices2  7,h7 semiconductors2  7,i7 new
 en]gy vehicles2  7,j7 mobile phone     
te*nology2  7,k7 next-g5]ation in=mation
 te*nology2  7,l7 aviation1 a]onautics1 
or space2  7,m7 biom$ic9e2 &  7,n7 any  
relat$ field1 z det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y (
 ,/ate or ! ,secret>y ( ,homel&         
,security4  7#c7 ,t]m9ation ( /atus     

7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,) respect to an ali5 :o  
is a citiz5 or national ( ! ,p's        
,republic ( ,*9a :o has be5 admitt$ to !
 ,unit$ ,/ates z a nonimmigrant describ$
 9 subp>agraph 7,f71 7,j71 or 7,m7 (    
section #aja7;a77#ae71 ! ,secret>y (    
,homel& ,security %all t]m9ate ! /atus &
 employm5t au?orization (1 & revoke any 
petition approval ( or on behalf (1 !   
ali5 if ! ,secret>y det]m9es t aft] su* 
admission ! ali5-- 7i7 has engag$ 9 an  
activity or affiliation t pres5ts a risk
 to national security2 or  7ii7 has     
*ang$ 8 or h] program1 c\rse ( /udy1    
rese>*1 or employm5t to graduate-level  
c\rsework or rese>* at an in/itution (  
high] education 9 a field describ$ 9    
p>agraph 7#b74  7,b7 ,failure to ma9ta9 
nonimmigrant /atus ,any *ange or        
attempt$ *ange describ$ 9 subp>agraph   
7,a7 %all be consid]$ to be a failure to
 ma9ta9 nonimmigrant /atus "u ?is ,act4 
7#d7 ,inapplicability to nationals (    
,hong ,kong & ,macau ,?is subsection    
%all n apply to any national ( ,hong    

,kong or ,macau4  4  7c7 ,applicability 
,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all    
apply ) respect to-- 7#a7 any visa      
application fil$ on or aft] ! date ( !  
enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 &  7#b7 ! /atus (  
any ali51 except = a national ( ,hong   
,kong or ,macau1 :o-- 7,a7 is a citiz5  
or national ( ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a1  
reg>dless ( ! c\ntry ( ! passport       
pres5t$ by1 or ! c\ntry ( resid5ce (1 ! 
ali52  7,b7 be=e1 on1 or aft] ! date ( !
 enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 has be5 or is     
admitt$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a          
nonimmigrant describ$ 9 subp>agraph     
7,f71 7,j71 or 7,m7 ( section           
#aja7;a77#ae7 ( ! ,immigration &        
,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4         
#aaja7;a77#ae772 &  7,c7 has *ang$ or   
*anges 8 or h] program1 c\rse ( /udy1   
rese>*1 or employm5t to graduate-level  
c\rsework or rese>* at an in/itution (  
high] education 7z def9$ 9 section      
#aja7;a7 ( ! ,high] ,education ,act (   
#aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a777 9 a    
field describ$ 9 section #bba7;j77#a7 ( 

! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7z   
add$ by subsection 7b774  ,v            
,gov]nm5t-fund$ rese>* projects  #eja4  
,f9d+s ,congress f9d ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,!  
,p's ,republic ( ,*9a 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is  
subsection z ! ,,prc or ,*9a7 poses an  
exi/5tial ?reat to ! economic int]e/s & 
national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9  
"p due to ! cont9u$ ef=ts ( ! ,,prc to  
/eal s5sitive te*nology & propriet>y    
in=mation f companies1 academic         
in/itutions1 & o!r organizations ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates ?r\gh economic espionage &
 o!r =ms ( nontraditional espionage4    
7#b7 ,! ,,prc1 ?r\gh ! ,*9ese ,communi/ 
,p>ty 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is subsection z !   
,,ccp71 has long _h an int]e/ 9 replac+ 
! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! _w's =emo/ sup]p[]4 
,*9a takes a holi/ic approa* t[>ds      
a*iev+ its long-t]m goals1 :i* are root$
 9 ! concept ( a compreh5sive national  
p[]1 includ+ a*iev+ dom9ance 9          
economics1 milit>y affairs1 sci5ce &    
te*nology1 education1 & global influ5ce4
  7#c7 ,nontraditional =ms ( espionage  

s]ve z prim>y tools to fur!r ! goals ( !
 ,,ccp4 ,^? tools include tal5t         
recruitm5t programs design$ to recruit  
,*9ese nationals to acquire k ab\t--&1  
(t51 /eal--valuable & s5sitive rese>* at
 univ]sities & rese>* in/itutions       
abroad1 & to lure =eign exp]ts to ,*9a  
to "w on key /rategic programs4 ,m      
broadly1 ! ,,prc uses m]g]s &           
acquisitions or jo9t v5tures z a means  
to ga9 access to high-level te*nology1  
uses cyb] intrusions to /eal in=mation1 
& uses front companies = ,,prc-relat$   
entities to acquire export-controll$    
te*nology4  7#d7 ,9 #bjae1 ,presid5t ,xi
 ,j9p+ ( ! ,,prc releas$ ! ,made 9 ,*9a 
#bjbe initiative1 a #aj-ye> plan to     
update ! manufactur+ base ( ,*9a by     
develop+ ! foll[+ #aj high-te*          
indu/ries3 7,a7 ,electric c>s & o!r new 
en]gy vehicles4  7,b7 ,next-g5]ation    
in=mation te*nology &                   
telecommunications4  7,c7 ,advanc$      
robotics & artificial intellig5ce4  7,d7
 ,a]ospace equipm5t4  7,e7 ,bio-m$ic9e &

 high-end m$ical equipm5t4  7,f7 ,ocean 
eng9e]+ equipm5t & high-end vessels4    
7,g7 ,high-end rail transportation      
equipm5t4  7,h7 ,electrical equipm5t4   
7,i7 ,f>m+ ma*9es4  7,j7 ,new mat]ials1 
su* z polym]s4  7#e7 ,9 attempt+ to     
ov]take ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a*ieve its    
,made 9 ,*9a #bjbe goals1 ,*9a has      
sy/ematically s\ght to id5tify areas (  
,am]ican innovation1 education1 &       
te*nology t c\ld be replicat$1 /ol51 or 
appropriat$4  7#f7 ,! v nature ( ! op5  
society ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--a free m>ket 
economy t inc5tivizes creativity &      
+5uity & promotes ! free fl[ ( capital &
 ideas1 a high] education sy/em &       
sci5tific rese>* community t enc\rages  
collaboration dome/ically &             
int]nationally1 & a lib]al democratic   
gov]nm5t t lacks a top-d[n1 au?orit>ian 
/ructure--creates opportunities = !     
,,prc to t>get ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ways t 
are ei!r n adequately protect$ or n ev5 
anticipat$ z possible ?reats4  7#g7 ,!  
,director ( ! ,f$]al ,bureau (          

,inve/igation has assess$ t !re's no    
c\ntry t's ev5 close to ! ,,prc :5 x    
comes to =eign espionage1 9 traditional 
or nontraditional =ms4  7#h7 ,z ! #bjah 
,=eign ,economic ,espionage 9 ,cyb]space
 report ( ! ,national ,c\nt]9tellig5ce &
 ,security ,c5t] 7commonly kn[n z !     
,,ncsc7 /at$1 ,*9a has expansive ef=ts 9
 place to acquire ,unit$ ,/ates         
te*nology1 includ+ s5sitive trade       
secrets & propriet>y in=mation4 ,*9a    
cont9ues to use cyb] espionage to       
support its /rategic developm5t         
goals--sci5ce & te*nology advancem5t1   
milit>y mod]nization1 & economic policy 
objectives4 ,*9ese companies &          
individuals (t5 acquire ,unit$ ,/ates   
te*nology = comm]cial & sci5tific       
purposes4  7#i7 ,9 ,april #bjbj1 !      
,(fice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,trade         
,repres5tative 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is         
subsection z ! ,,u/r7 issu$ its annual  
,special #cja ,report1 9 :i* ! ,,u/r    
reviews ! /ate ( intellectual prop]ty   
protection & en=cem5t 9 trad+ p>tn]s ( !

 ,unit$ ,/ates ar\nd ! _w4 ,! ,,u/r     
cont9ues to place ,*9a on ! ,priority   
,wat* ,li/1 :i* reflects ,unit$ ,/ates  
conc]ns ) ,*9a's sy/em ( pressur+ &     
co]c+ te*nology transf]1 & ! cont9u$ ne$
 = fundam5tal /ructural *anges to /r5g!n
 ,,ip protection & en=cem5t1 includ+ z  
to trade secret !ft1 ob/acles to        
protect+ tradem>ks1 onl9e piracy &      
c\nt]feit+1 ! high-volume manufactur+ & 
export ( c\nt]feit goods1 & imp$im5ts to
 ph>maceutical innovation44  7#aj7 ,!   
!ft ( intellectual prop]ty1 trade       
secrets1 s5sitive te*nology1 & sci5tific
 & o!r academic rese>* all contribute to
 ,*9a's goal ( a*iev+ preem95t sup]p[]  
/atus4 ,*9a's failure to respect        
intellectual prop]ty rights1 failure to 
adh]e to ! rule ( law1 & ef=ts to obta9 
intellectual prop]ty1 trade secrets1    
te*nology1 & rese>* ?r\gh improp] or    
illicit means all pose a significant    
economic & national security ?reat to ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#aa7 ,9 rec5t ye>s1    
,*9a has increas$ its use (             

nontraditional espionage to t>get       
colleges & univ]sities 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates1 p>ticul>ly ) respect to cutt+   
edge rese>* & te*nologies be+ develop$  
by su* univ]sities1 includ+ te*nology t 
has milit>y applications4  7#ab7 ,!     
univ]sities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provide   
f]tile gr\nd = nontraditional espionage 
giv5 ! op51 int]national1 &             
collaborative nature ( mo/ univ]sity    
rese>* & ! legitimate int]e/ (          
univ]sities 9 enc\rag+ int]national     
collaboration4  7#ac7 ,:ile ! ,unit$    
,/ates b5efits f attract+ ! top rese>*  
tal5t f ar\nd ! _w1 univ]sities         
nev]!less mu/ take appropriate measures 
to ensure t ,*9a is n able to use       
academic collaboration to /eal ,unit$   
,/ates intellectual prop]ty or engage 9 
o!r activities t might h>m ! national   
security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#ad7 ,9   
response to ! increas$ wave (           
nontraditional espionage ov] rec5t ye>s1
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice laun*$ a ,*9a    
,initiative 9 #bjah4 ,! goal ( ! ,*9a   

,initiative is to id5tify & prosecute   
individuals & entities engag$ 9 economic
 & o!r nontraditional espionage1 trade  
secret !ft1 hack+1 & o!r crimes1 :ile   
protect+ critical infra/ructure aga9/   
ext]nal ?reats & combat+ cov]t ef=ts to 
influ5ce ! ,am]ican public4  7#ae7      
,sev]al rec5t crim9al & civil en=cem5t  
actions tak5 by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice   
highlight ,*9a's p]vasive & illegal     
t>get+ ( intellectual prop]ty & valuable
 rese>* f ,unit$ ,/ates univ]sities1    
includ+ ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,dr4 ,q+ ,wang 0 
a =m] employee ( ! ,clevel& ,cl9ic      
,f\ndation4 ,he _h receiv$ m ?an        
#c1jjj1jjj 9 grant fund+ f ! ,national  
,in/itutes ( ,heal? 7commonly kn[n z    
,,nih74 ,dr4 ,wang 0 *>g$ 9 a crim9al   
compla9t ) kn[+ly fail+ to disclose to  
,,nih t he 0 ,dean ( ! ,college ( ,life 
,sci5ces & ,te*nology at ! ,huazhong    
,univ]sity ( ,sci5ce & ,te*nology       
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is subp>agraph z ,,hu/7 & 
receiv$ grant funds f ! ,national       
,natural ,sci5ce ,f\ndation ( ,*9a = "s 

( ! same sci5tific rese>* fund$ by      
,,nih4 ,dr4 ,wang also alleg$ly         
p>ticipat$ 9 ! ,?\s& ,tal5ts ,program1 =
 :i* ,*9a provid$ #c1jjj1jjj 9 rese>*   
support to enhance ! facilities &       
op]ations at ,,hu/4 ,f$]al law en=cem5t 
ag5cies arre/$ ,dr4 ,wang 9 ,may #bjbj4 
7,b7 ,dr4 ,james ,patrick ,lewis 0 a    
t5ur$ pr(essor at ,we/ ,virg9ia         
,univ]sity 9 ! physics dep>tm5t f #bjjf 
to #bjai4 ,9 ,july #bjag1 ,dr4 ,lewis   
ent]$ into a contract ( employm5t ) !   
,,prc ?r\gh its ,global ,exp]ts ,?\s&   
,tal5ts ,plan4 ,9 ,m>* #bjbj1 ,dr4      
,lewis pl$ guilty to #a c\nt ( ,f$]al   
program fraud4  7,c7 ,anm+ ,hu1 an      
,associate ,pr(essor 9 ! ,dep>tm5t (    
,me*anical1 ,a]ospace1 & ,biom$ical     
,eng9e]+ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,t5nessee1   
,knoxville 7commonly kn[n z ,,ut71      
alleg$ly engag$ 9 a s*eme to defraud !  
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration 7commonly kn[n z ,,nasa7  
by conceal+ 8 affiliation ) ,beij+      
,univ]sity ( ,te*nology 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is

 subp>agraph z ,,bjut74 ,hu's false     
repres5tations to ,,ut ab\t 8           
affiliation ) ,,bjut caus$ ,,ut to      
falsely c]tify to ,,nasa t ,,ut 0 9     
compliance ) ,f$]al law4 ,9 ,febru>y    
#bjbj1 ,mr4 ,hu 0 indict$ on ,f$]al     
*>ges ( wire fraud & false /atem5ts4    
7,d7 ,dr4 ,*>les ,lieb] s]v$ z !        
,pr9cipal ,inve/igator ( ! ,lieb]       
,rese>* ,gr\p at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 :i* 
specializ$ 9 ! area ( nanosci5ce4 ,dr4  
,lieb] _h receiv$ m ?an #ae1jjj1jjj 9   
grant fund+ f ,,nih & ! ,dep>tm5t (     
,def5se s9ce #bjjh4 ,unbekn[n/ to ,h>v>d
 ,univ]sity1 beg9n+ 9 #bjaa1 ,lieb]     
alleg$ly became a ,/rategic ,sci5ti/ at 
,wuhan ,univ]sity ( ,te*nology 9 ,*9a   
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is subp>agraph z ,,wut7 & 
0 a contractual p>ticipant 9 ! ,?\s&    
,tal5ts ,plan f #bjab to #bjag4 ,"u !   
t]ms ( ! ,?\s& ,tal5ts contract1 ,,wut  
paid ,lieb] #ej1jjj p] mon?1 paid him   
liv+ exp5ses ( up to approximately      
#aeh1jjj1 & aw>d$ him m ?an #a1ejj1jjj  
to e/abli% a rese>* lab at ,,wut4 ,9    

return1 ,lieb] 0 obligat$ to "w = ,,wut 
= #i mon?s p] ye>4 ,lieb] li$ ab\t 8    
involvem5t ) ,,wut to bo? ,h>v>d        
,univ]sity & ,f$]al inve/igators4 ,9    
,janu>y #bjbj1 ,lieb] 0 arre/$ & *>g$ ) 
mak+ a mat]ially false1 fictiti\s &     
fraudul5t /atem5t4  7,e7 ,9 ,janu>y     
#bjbj1 ,yanq+ ,ye1 a ,*9ese national1   
,lieut5ant ( ! ,p's ,lib]ation ,army    
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is subp>agraph z ! ,,pla71
 & memb] ( ! ,,ccp1 0 indict$ on visa   
fraud1 false /atem5ts1 & act+ z an ag5t 
( a =eign p[] )\t prior notification4   
,ye alleg$ly falsely id5tifi$ z a /ud5t 
& li$ ab\t h] ongo+ milit>y s]vice at ! 
,national ,univ]sity ( ,def5se          
,te*nology4 ,:ile /udy+ at ,bo/on       
,univ]sity's ,dep>tm5t ( ,physics1      
,*emi/ry1 & ,biom$ical ,eng9e]+1 ,ye    
cont9u$ to "w z a ,,pla ,lieut5ant &    
complet$ assignm5ts f ,,pla (fic]s1     
includ+ conduct+ rese>*1 assess+ ,unit$ 
,/ates milit>y websites1 & s5d+ ,unit$  
,/ates docum5ts & in=mation to ,*9a4    
7,f7 ,9 ,janu>y #bjbj1 ,zaoson ,zh5g1 a 

,*9ese national1 0 arre/$ at ,logan     
,airport 9 ,bo/on & *>g$ ) attempt+ to  
smuggle #ba vials ( biological rese>* to
 ,*9a4 ,zh5g _h alleg$ly ent]$ ! ,unit$ 
,/ates 9 #bjah on a ,j-#a visa &        
conduct$ canc] cell rese>* at ,be?      
,israel ,deaconess ,m$ical ,c5t] 9      
,bo/on4 ,zh5g admitt$ he /ole ! vials f 
a lab at ,be? ,israel1 & t he int5d$ to 
br+ ! vials to ,*9a1 use !m to conduct  
rese>* 9 8 own laboratory1 & publi% !   
results "u 8 own "n4  7,g7 ,9 ,decemb]  
#bjai1 ! ,van ,&el ,rese>* ,in/itute    
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is subp>agraph z ,,v>i7   
rea*$ a settlem5t ) ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,ju/ice to pay #e1ejj1jjj to resolve    
allegations t x violat$ ! law commonly  
kn[n z ! ,false ,claims ,act 7section   
#cgbi ?r\gh #cgcc ( title #ca1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code7 by fail+ to disclose1 9   
,f$]al grant applications & progress    
reports submitt$ to ,,nih1 t ! ,*9ese   
gov]nm5t fund$ #b ,,v>i rese>*]s ?r\gh  
grants4 ,! ,,v>i rese>*]s 7 receiv+     
rese>* fund+ f ,*9ese s\rces :ile ,,v>i 

0 apply+ = & receiv+ ,,nih fund+ on _!  
behalf4  7,h7 ,9 ,septemb] #bjai1 ,yu   
,zh\ & ,li ,*5 7 *>g$ ) crimes relat$ to
 /eal+ exosome-relat$ trade secrets4    
,zh\ & ,*51 sp\ses :o work$ 9 sep>ate   
m$ical rese>* labs at ! ,nationwide     
,*ildr5's ,hospital ,rese>* ,in/itute1  
conspir$ to /eal sci5tific trade secrets
 relat$ to exosomes & exosome isolation 
f ! ,rese>* ,in/itute4 ,! c\ple alleg$ly
 f\nd$ a company 9 ,*9a )\t ! hospital's
 k4 ,:ile employ$ at ! ,rese>*          
,in/itute1 !y m>ket$ products & s]vices 
relat$ to exosome isolation ?r\gh _!    
,*9ese company4 ,!y also f\nd$ an       
,am]ican biote*nology company adv]tis+  
products & s]vices relat$ to exosomes   
isolation1 includ+ a kit develop$ f a   
trade secret creat$ at a ,nationwide    
,*ildr5's rese>* lab4 ,!y ev5tually     
receiv$ m ?an #hgf1jjj & /ock relat$ to 
an asset pur*ase agreem5t involv+ !     
,am]ican company4  7,i7 ,9 ,augu/ #bjai1
 ,f5g ,tao1 an associate pr(essor at    
,kansas ,univ]sity1 0 indict$ on ,f$]al 

*>ges = conceal+ ! fact t he 0 a full-"t
 employee = ,fuzh\ ,univ]sity 9 ,*9a    
:ile do+ rese>* at ,kansas ,univ]sity   
fund$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,tao
 alleg$ly defraud$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,gov]nm5t by unlawfully receiv+ ,f$]al  
grant money at ! same "t t he 0 employ$ 
& paid by a ,*9ese rese>* univ]sity4    
7,j7 ,weiqiang ,zhang1 a ,*9ese national
 & ,unit$ ,/ates legal p]man5t resid5t1 
acquir$1 )\t au?orization1 hundr$s (    
rice se$s produc$ by 8 employ]1 ,v5tria 
,biosci5ce4 ,v5tria is a ,kansas        
bioph>maceutical rese>* facility t      
develops g5etically programm$ rice to   
express recomb9ant human prote9s1 :i*   
are !n extract$ = use 9 ! !rapeutic &   
m$ical fields4 ,v5tria sp5t millions (  
doll>s & ye>s ( rese>* develop+ its se$s
 & co/-effective me?ods to extract !    
prote9s4 ,v5tria us$ lock$ doors )      
magnetic c>d read]s to re/rict access to
 ! temp]ature-controll$ environm5t :]e !
 se$s 7 /or$ & process$4 ,zhang work$ z 
a rice bre$] = ,v5tria4 ,9 #bjac1       

p]sonnel f a crop rese>* in/itute 9 ,*9a
 visit$ ,zhang at 8 home 9 ,kansas4     
,zhang drove ! visitors to t\r          
facilities 9 sev]al ,/ates4 ,unit$      
,/ates ,cu/oms & ,bord] ,protection     
(fic]s f\nd se$s belong+ to ,v5tria 9 ! 
luggage ( ,zhang's visitors z !y prep>$ 
to leave ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,*9a4 ,9     
,april #bjah1 ,zhang 0 s5t5c$ to #aba   
mon?s 9 a ,f$]al prison aft] hav+ be5   
convict$ 9 ,febru>y #bjag ( #a c\nt (   
conspiracy to /eal trade secrets1 #a    
c\nt ( conspiracy to commit int]/ate    
transportation ( /ol5 prop]ty1 & #a c\nt
 ( int]/ate transportation ( /ol5       
prop]ty4  7#af7 ,x rema9s a national    
security priority = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to  
protect ! rese>* & innovation develop$ 9
 ,unit$ ,/ates colleges & univ]sities f 
misappropriation by any c\ntry1 includ+ 
! ,,prc4  #ejb4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is      
title3 7#a7 ,ag5cy head ,! t]m ag5cy    
head1 ) respect to a cov]$ rese>*       
project1 means ! head ( ! cov]$ ag5cy   
provid+ ! fund+ = ! cov]$ rese>*        

project4  7#b7 ,cov]$ ag5cy ,! t]m cov]$
 ag5cy means-- 7,a7 ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,def5se2  7,b7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy2 &  
7,c7 an elem5t ( ! intellig5ce          
community1 z def9$ 9 section #c ( !     
,national ,security ,act ( #aidg 7#ej   
,u4,s4,c4 #cjjc74  7#c7 ,cov]$ c\ntry ,!
 t]m cov]$ c\ntry means-- 7,a7 ! ,p's   
,republic ( ,*9a2 &  7,b7 any o!r c\ntry
 designat$ by ! ,director1 bas$ on f9d+s
 simil> to ! f9d+s "u subsection 7a71   
:i* %all include consid]ation (-- 7i7   
:e!r ! c\ntry poses an exi/5tial ?reat  
to ! economic int]e/s & national        
security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7ii7 :e!r !
 c\ntry engages 9 p]si/5t ef=ts to /eal 
s5sitive te*nology & propriet>y         
in=mation f companies1 academic         
in/itutions1 & o!r organizations ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates ?r\gh economic espionage &
 o!r =ms ( nontraditional espionage2    
7iii7 :e!r nontraditional =ms (         
espionage s]ve z prim>y tools to fur!r !
 goals ( ! c\ntry2  7iv7 :e!r !         
nontraditional =ms ( espionage describ$ 

9 clause 7iii7 include-- 7,i7 tal5t     
recruitm5t programs design$ to recruit !
 c\ntry's nationals to acquire k        
ab\t--&1 (t51 /eal--valuable & s5sitive 
rese>* at univ]sities & rese>*          
in/itutions abroad2  7,,ii7 lur+ =eign  
exp]ts to ! c\ntry to "w on key /rategic
 programs2  7,,iii7 us+ m]g]s &         
acquisitions or jo9t v5tures z a means  
to ga9 access to high-level te*nology2  
7,,iv7 us+ cyb] intrusions to /eal      
in=mation2 &  7,v7 us+ front companies =
 /ate-affiliat$ entities to acquire     
export-controll$ te*nology2  7v7 :e!r ! 
c\ntry has sy/ematically s\ght to       
id5tify areas ( ,unit$ ,/ates           
innovation1 education1 & te*nology t    
c\ld be replicat$1 /ol51 or appropriat$2
 &  7vi7 :e!r ! ,(fice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,trade ,repres5tative has plac$ !      
c\ntry on ! ,priority ,wat* ,li/4  7#d7 
,cov]$ p]son ,! t]m cov]$ p]son means an
 individual or in/itution ( high]       
education t has a f9ancial relation%ip  
)-- 7,a7 a cov]$ c\ntry2  7,b7 a        

political p>ty )9 a cov]$ c\ntry2  7,c7 
a p]son :o acts z an ag5t1              
repres5tative1 employee1 or s]vant ( a  
cov]$ c\ntry2 or  7,d7 a p]son :o acts 9
 any o!r capacity at ! ord] or reque/1  
or "u ! direction or control1 ( a cov]$ 
c\ntry4  7#e7 ,cov]$ rese>* project ,!  
t]m cov]$ rese>* project means a rese>* 
project at an in/itution ( high]        
education-- 7,a7 t is fund$ 9 :ole or 9 
"p by a cov]$ ag5cy2 &  7,b7 ! subject (
 :i* is-- 7i7 an item subject to !      
,export ,control ,re=m ,act ( #bjah 7#bj
 ,u4,s4,c4 #dhja et seq472  7ii7 an item
 li/$ on ! ,comm]ce ,control ,li/       
7commonly kn[n z ! ,,ccl7 set =? 9      
,supplem5t ,no4 #a to "p #ggd ( title   
#ae1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations2 or    
7iii7 an item li/$ on ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,munitions ,li/ "u section #ch7;a77#a7 (
 ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb     
,u4,s4,c4 #bggh7;a77#a774  7#f7         
,director ,! t]m ,director means !      
,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce4     
7#g7 ,f9ancial relation%ip ,! t]m       

f9ancial relation%ip means-- 7,a7 any   
arrangem5t "u :i* comp5sation is        
provid$1 directly or indirectly1 by a   
cov]$ c\ntry1 or ano!r entity or p]son  
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 7,c71 or   
7,d7 ( p>agraph 7#d71 to-- 7i7 a cov]$  
p]son2 or  7ii7 an in/itution ( high]   
education2 or  7,b7 any direct or       
indirect own]%ip or inve/m5t int]e/ by a
 cov]$ c\ntry1 or ano!r entity or p]son 
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 7,c71 or   
7,d7 ( p>agraph 7#d71 9 an in/itution ( 
high] education4  7#h7 ,in/itution (    
high] education ,! t]m in/itution (     
high] education has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9
 section #aja7;a7 ( ! ,high] ,education 
,act ( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a774 
#ejc4 ,approval ( cov]$ p]sons 9        
s5sitive ,gov]nm5t-fund$ rese>* projects
  7a7 ,approval requir$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,a cov]$ p]son may n p>ticipate 9 a     
cov]$ rese>* project unless ! cov]$     
p]son applies = & receives approval f ! 
ag5cy head to p>ticipate4  7#b7         
,requirem5ts ,an ag5cy head may n       

approve a cov]$ p]son to p>ticipate 9 a 
cov]$ rese>* project unless ! ag5cy     
head-- 7,a7 p]=ms a backgr\nd *eck on ! 
cov]$ p]son 9 consultation ) !          
,director2 &  7,b7 collects any o!r     
relevant in=mation ab\t ! cov]$ p]son t 
! ag5cy head det]m9es appropriate1      
except any in=mation p]ta9+ to ,unit$   
,/ates p]sons t ! ag5cy head is         
prohibit$ by law f collect+4  7b7       
,p5alty ,if an ag5cy head det]m9es t a  
cov]$ p]son p>ticipat+ 9 a cov]$ rese>* 
project comm5c$ on ! date ( enactm5t (  
?is section has violat$ subsection 7a71 
! ag5cy head may-- 7#a7 impose a        
probation>y p]iod1 n to exce$ #f mon?s1 
on ! head ( ! project or ! project2     
7#b7 r$uce1 limit1 or elim9ate ! fund+ =
 ! project until ! violation is rem$i$2 
7#c7 p]man5tly elim9ate ! fund+ = !     
project2 or  7#d7 take any o!r action   
det]m9$ appropriate by ! ag5cy head4    
#ejd4 ,disclosure ( rese>* assi/ance f  
=eign gov]nm5ts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #de
 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is   

am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #iea !     
foll[+3  #iea;,a4 ,disclosure ( rese>*  
assi/ance f =eign gov]nm5ts  7a7        
,def9itions ,9 ?is section-- 7#a7 ! t]ms
 ag5t ( a =eign pr9cipal & =eign        
pr9cipal h ! mean+s giv5 ^? t]ms 9      
section #a ( ! ,=eign ,ag5ts            
,regi/ration ,act ( #aich1 z am5d$ 7#bb 
,u4,s4,c4 #faa72  7#b7 ! t]m cov]$      
rese>* project has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 
section #ejb ( ! ,combat+ ,*9ese        
,purlo9+ ( ,trade ,secrets ,act2 &  7#c7
 ! t]m in/itution ( high] education has 
! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #aja ( !   
,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajja74  7b7 ,fund+ & o!r     
assi/ance  7#a7 ,failure to disclose    
=eign fund+  7,a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be     
unlawful = a p]son1 :ile apply+ = or    
accept+ a grant or o!r fund+ f an ag5cy 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = a cov]$ rese>*      
project1 to kn[+ly & willfully fail to  
disclose to ! ag5cy any grant or o!r    
fund+ t ! p]son has receiv$ or w receive
 = ! same project f a =eign pr9cipal or 

an ag5t ( a =eign pr9cipal1 includ+     
?r\gh an int]m$i>y4  7,b7 ,p5alty ,any  
p]son :o violates subp>agraph 7,a7 %all 
be f9$ "u ?is title1 imprison$ = n m ?an
 #c ye>s1 or bo?4  7#b7 ,failure to     
disclose mat]ial facts  7,a7 ,(f5se ,x  
%all be unlawful = a p]son1 :ile apply+ 
= or accept+ a grant or o!r fund+ f an  
ag5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = a cov]$ rese>*
 project1 to kn[+ly & willfully fail to 
disclose to ! ag5cy a mat]ial fact      
relat+ to a connection betwe5 a =eign   
c\ntry & ! project t might sub/antially 
impact ! decision ( ! ag5cy to provide  
fund+ to ! project1 includ+ ! fact t a  
p]son provid+ any assi/ance1 includ+    
f9ancial assi/ance1 to ! project is--   
7i7 a national ( a =eign c\ntry2  7ii7  
affiliat$ ) an in/itution comp>able to  
an in/itution ( high] education ( high] 
le>n+1 or ano!r organization1 t is      
headqu>t]$ 9 or sub/antially fund$ by a 
=eign c\ntry2 or  7iii7 engag+ 9 rese>* 
activities = ! project 9 a =eign c\ntry4
  7,b7 ,p5alty ,any p]son :o violates   

subp>agraph 7,a7 %all be f9$ "u ?is     
title1 imprison$ = n m ?an #a ye>1 or   
bo?4  7#c7 ,in/itutions ( high]         
education ,any in/itution ( high]       
education t kn[+ly & willfully fails to 
disclose to ! appropriate ag5cy ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates t an (fic]1 ag5t1 or      
employee ( ! in/itution ( high]         
education violat$ ?is subsection %all be
 f9$ n m ?an #a1jjj1jjj = ea* su*       
violation4  7c7 ,transmission (         
in=mation  7#a7 ,(f5se ,x %all be       
unlawful = any p]son1 :ile apply+ = or  
accept+ a grant or o!r fund+ f an ag5cy 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = a cov]$ rese>*      
project1 to kn[+ly transmit or attempt  
to transmit in=mation ga9$ 9 violation (
 a contract to :i* ! p]son is a p>ty1   
includ+ a contract reg>d+ nondisclosure 
( in=mation1 employm5t1 or ! provision (
 goods or s]vices1 int5d+ or kn[+ t !   
transmission w b5efit a =eign pr9cipal  
or an ag5t ( a =eign pr9cipal4  7#b7    
,p5alty ,any p]son :o violates p>agraph 
7#a7 %all be f9$ "u ?is title1 imprison$

 = n m ?an #aj ye>s1 or bo?4  4  7b7    
,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table (   
sections = *apt] #de ( title #ah1 ,unit$
 ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] !
 item relat+ to section #iej ! foll[+3  
#iea;,a4 ,disclosure ( rese>* assi/ance 
f =eign gov]nm5ts4  4