,,iv  #aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,res4 #hia  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #bh1 #bjbb,ms4
 ,spei] 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,pelosi1 ,mrs4  
,c>olyn ,b4 ,maloney ( ,new ,york1 ,ms4 
,kaptur1 ,ms4 ,s*ak[sky1 ,ms4 ,jackson  
,lee1 ,mr4 ,connolly1 ,mr4 ,espaillat1  
,mr4 ,takano1 ,mr4 ,ru%1 ,ms4 ,velzquez1
 ,mr4 ,suozzi1 ,ms4 ,escob>1 ,ms4       
,mc,collum1 ,mr4 ,g>am5di1 ,ms4 ,lee (  
,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,moore ( ,wiscons91 ,mr4
 ,lieu1 ,ms4 ,jacobs ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4  
,correa1 ,ms4 ,lois ,frankel ( ,florida1
 ,mr4 ,pet]s1 ,mr4 ,co/a1 ,ms4 ,titus1  
,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,br[n ( ,m>yl&1 ,ms4 
,bonamici1 ,ms4 ,roybal-,all>d1 ,mr4    
,pallone1 ,mr4 ,payne1 ,mrs4 ,watson    
,coleman1 ,mrs4 ,lee ( ,nevada1 ,mr4    
,evans1 ,mr4 ,danny ,k4 ,davis (        
,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,blum5au]1 ,ms4 ,cl>ke ( 
,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,gomez1 ,mr4 ,s>banes1 
,ms4 ,dean1 ,mr4 ,coop]1 ,ms4 ,/ansbury1
 ,mr4 ,c>son1 ,mrs4 ,hayes1 ,mr4 ,trone1
 ,ms4 ,wexton1 ,ms4 ,ross1 ,mr4 ,sablan1
 ,ms4 ,b>ragn1 ,mr4 ,gallego1 ,mr4      

,crd5as1 ,mrs4 ,lawr5ce1 ,ms4 ,m5g1     
,mrs4 ,trahan1 ,ms4 ,wass]man ,s*ultz1  
,mr4 ,de,saulnier1 ,mr4 ,/anton1 ,mr4   
,torres ( ,new ,york1 ,ms4 ,*u1 ,mr4    
,k9d1 ,mr4 ,rupp]sb]g]1 ,mr4 ,johnson ( 
,georgia1 ,mr4 ,c>bajal1 ,mr4 ,s*rad]1  
,mr4 ,kri%namoor?i1 ,mr4 ,?ompson (     
,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,mal9[ski1 ,ms4 ,newman1
 ,mrs4 ,flet*]1 ,mr4 ,fo/]1 ,ms4        
,del,bene1 ,mr4 ,ca/ro ( ,texas1 ,mr4   
,s*iff1 ,ms4 ,br[n ( ,ohio1 ,ms4        
,spanb]g]1 ,mr4 ,lyn*1 ,mr4 ,ca/51 ,ms4 
,scanlon1 ,mr4 ,kahele1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1
 ,mr4 ,soto1 ,ms4 ,leg] ,f]n&ez1 ,mr4   
,de,fazio1 ,mrs4 ,kirkpatrick1 ,ms4     
,adams1 ,ms4 ,bass1 ,ms4 ,de,lauro1     
,mrs4 ,d+ell1 ,ms4 ,ku/]1 ,mr4          
,o',hall]an1 ,ms4 ,p+ree1 ,ms4 ,br[nley1
 ,mr4 ,cri/1 ,mr4 ,hors=d1 ,ms4 ,matsui1
 ,mrs4 ,mc,bath1 ,ms4 ,b\rdeaux1 ,ms4   
,e%oo1 ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,wa%+ton1 ,ms4      
,kelly ( ,ill9ois1 ,miss ,rice ( ,new   
,york1 ,ms4 ,jayapal1 ,mr4 ,lawson (    
,florida1 ,ms4 ,johnson ( ,texas1 ,ms4  
,mann+1 ,mr4 ,b[man1 ,mr4 ,cr[1 ,mr4    

,v>gas1 ,ms4 ,wilson ( ,florida1 ,mr4   
,wel*1 ,mr4 ,sean ,patrick ,maloney (   
,new ,york1 ,ms4 ,sewell1 ,mr4 ,khanna1 
,mr4 ,swalwell1 ,mr4 ,butt]field1 ,mr4  
,rask91 ,mr4 ,au*9closs1 ,ms4 ,s*ri]1   
,ms4 ,plaskett1 ,mrs4 ,torres (         
,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,mrvan1 ,mr4 ,kildee1   
,ms4 ,cl>k ( ,massa*usetts1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51
 ,mr4 ,l>son ( ,connecticut1 ,mr4       
,jones1 ,mr4 ,l[5?al1 ,mrs4 ,beatty1    
,ms4 ,williams ( ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,kilm]1 
,ms4 ,/ev5s1 ,ms4 ,h\lahan1 ,mr4        
,mc,eachin1 ,mr4 ,panetta1 ,mrs4 ,bu/os1
 ,ms4 ,sn*ez1 ,ms4 ,slotk91 ,mr4 ,lev9 (
 ,mi*igan1 ,mr4 ,p]lmutt]1 ,mr4         
,mc,nerney1 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,ms4 ,und]wood1 
,mr4 ,pappas1 ,mr4 ,s*neid]1 ,mr4       
,tonko1 ,ms4 ,blunt ,ro*e/]1 ,mr4 ,lamb1
 ,mr4 ,l>s5 ( ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,grijalva1 
,ms4 ,g>cia ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,y>mu?1 ,ms4 
,pressley1 ,mr4 ,aguil>1 ,mr4 ,phillips1
 ,mr4 ,case1 & ,mrs4 ,dem+s7 submitt$ ! 
foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,,resolution 
,express+ ! s5se ( ! ,h\se (            

,repres5tatives t ! article ( am5dm5t   
7commonly kn[n z ! ,equal ,rights       
,am5dm5t7 to ! ,con/itution is valid4   
,:]eas #b_/c ( ea* ,h\se ( ! #ib;d      
,congress duly propos$ 9 #aigb an       
article ( am5dm5t 7commonly kn[n z !    
,equal ,rights ,am5dm5t7 to !           
,con/itution t provides ! foll[+3  #a4  
,equality ( rights "u ! law %all n be   
d5i$ or abridg$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates or by
 any ,/ate on acc\nt ( sex4  #b4 ,!     
,congress %all h ! p[] to en=ce1 by     
appropriate legislation1 ! provisions ( 
?is article4  #c4 ,?is am5dm5t %all take
 effect two ye>s aft] ! date (          
ratification4  2  ,:]eas ! ,equal       
,rights ,am5dm5t provides a /rong]      
con/itutional basis = combat+ sex       
discrim9ation & provides ,congress ) m  
au?ority to enact laws t ensure sex     
equality2 ,:]eas ! ,h\se (              
,repres5tative pass$ ! ,equal ,rights   
,am5dm5t on ,octob] #ab1 #aiga1 ) a vote
 ( #ced yeas & #bd nays 7) #ea n vot+71 
! ,s5ate pass$ ! ,equal ,rights ,am5dm5t

 on ,m>* #bb1 #aigb1 by a vote ( #hd    
yeas & #h nays 7) #g n vot+71 & !       
am5dm5t 0 s5t to ! ,/ates =             
ratification2 ,:]eas ! legislatures ( m 
?an #c_/d ( ! sev]al ,/ates h ratifi$ ! 
propos$ article ( am5dm5t to !          
,con/itution1 includ+3 7#a7 ,hawaii     
7,m>* #bb1 #aigb72  7#b7 ,new ,hamp%ire 
7,m>* #bc1 #aigb72  7#c7 ,delaw>e 7,m>* 
#bc1 #aigb72  7#d7 ,i[a 7,m>* #bd1      
#aigb72  7#e7 ,idaho 7,m>* #bd1 #aigb72 
7#f7 ,kansas 7,m>* #bh1 #aigb72  7#g7   
,nebraska 7,m>* #bi1 #aigb72  7#h7      
,texas 7,m>* #cj1 #aigb72  7#i7         
,t5nessee 7,april #d1 #aigb72  7#aj7    
,alaska 7,april #e1 #aigb72  7#aa7      
,rhode ,isl& 7,april #ad1 #aigb72  7#ab7
 ,new ,j]sey 7,april #ag1 #aigb72  7#ac7
 ,colorado 7,april #ba1 #aigb72  7#ad7  
,we/ ,virg9ia 7,april #bb1 #aigb72      
7#ae7 ,wiscons9 7,april #bf1 #aigb72    
7#af7 ,new ,york 7,may #ah1 #aigb72     
7#ag7 ,mi*igan 7,may #bb1 #aigb72  7#ah7
 ,m>yl& 7,may #bf1 #aigb72  7#ai7       
,massa*usetts 7,june #ba1 #aigb72  7#bj7

 ,k5tucky 7,june #bg1 #aigb72  7#ba7    
,p5nsylvania 7,septemb] #bg1 #aigb72    
7#bb7 ,cali=nia 7,novemb] #ac1 #aigb72  
7#bc7 ,wyom+ 7,janu>y #bf1 #aigc72      
7#bd7 ,s\? ,dakota 7,febru>y #e1 #aigc72
  7#be7 ,oregon 7,febru>y #h1 #aigc72   
7#bf7 ,m9nesota 7,febru>y #h1 #aigc72   
7#bg7 ,new ,mexico 7,febru>y #bh1       
#aigc72  7#bh7 ,v]mont 7,m>* #a1 #aigc72
  7#bi7 ,connecticut 7,m>* #ae1 #aigc72 
7#cj7 ,wa%+ton 7,m>* #bb1 #aigc72  7#ca7
 ,ma9e 7,janu>y #ah1 #aigd72  7#cb7     
,montana 7,janu>y #be1 #aigd72  7#cc7   
,ohio 7,febru>y #g1 #aigd72  7#cd7 ,nor?
 ,dakota 7,febru>y #c1 #aige72  7#ce7   
,indiana 7,janu>y #ah1 #aigg72  7#cf7   
,nevada 7,m>* #bb1 #bjag72  7#cg7       
,ill9ois 7,may #cj1 #bjah72 &  7#ch7    
,virg9ia 7,janu>y #bg1 #bjbj72 ,:]eas no
 "t limit exi/s )9 ! text ( ! propos$   
am5dm5t t 0 ratifi$ by m ?an #c_/d ( !  
,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t 9    
#ahfh 0 publi%$ to ! ,con/itution       
despite #b ,/ates purport+ to resc9d _! 
ratifications2 ,:]eas ! ,ar*ivi/ ( !    

,unit$ ,/ates has a /atutory & m9i/]ial 
duty to c]tify t a propos$ am5dm5t to ! 
,con/itution is valid & has become "p ( 
! ,con/itution once x is ratifi$ by m   
?an #c_/d ( ! ,/ates2 & ,:]eas section  
#c ( ! ,equal ,rights ,am5dm5t /ates t !
 am5dm5t %all take effect #b ye>s aft] !
 la/ con/itutionally necess>y ,/ate     
ratification occurs1 :i* 0 ,janu>y #bg1 
#bjbj3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t x is ! s5se (
 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t ! article (
 am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution relat+ to !  
equality ( rights 7commonly kn[n z !    
,equal ,rights ,am5dm5t71 duly propos$  
by #b_/c ( ea* ,h\se ( ! ,congress &    
ratifi$ by m ?an #c_/d ( ! sev]al       
,/ates1 has met ! requirem5ts ( !       
,con/itution & become valid to all      
int5ts & purposes z a "p ( !            
,con/itution1 & %all be kn[n z !        
,tw5ty-,eigh? ,am5dm5t to !             
,con/itution4