,,iv  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #hdb  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #g1 #bjba,ms4
 ,spei] 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,lois ,frankel (
 ,florida1 ,ms4 ,bass1 ,ms4 ,jacobs (   
,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,mal9[ski1 ,mr4 ,ca/ro (
 ,texas1 ,ms4 ,titus1 ,mr4 ,quigley1    
,ms4 ,ocasio-,cortez1 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,mrs4 
,c>olyn ,b4 ,maloney ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 
,c>son1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1 ,ms4 ,%]rill1  
,mr4 ,gomez1 ,mr4 ,evans1 ,ms4 ,moore ( 
,wiscons91 ,ms4 ,bonamici1 ,mr4         
,g>am5di1 ,mr4 ,johnson ( ,georgia1 ,mr4
 ,wel*1 ,mr4 ,allr$1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,ms4  
,s*ak[sky1 ,ms4 ,m5g1 ,mr4 ,b[man1 ,ms4 
,g>cia ( ,texas1 ,ms4 ,jackson ,lee1    
,mr4 ,cicill9e1 ,mr4 ,torres ( ,new     
,york1 ,ms4 ,wilson ( ,florida1 ,mrs4   
,lawr5ce1 ,ms4 ,jayapal1 ,ms4 ,p+ree1   
,ms4 ,br[nley1 ,mr4 ,lev9 ( ,mi*igan1   
,mr4 ,%]man1 ,ms4 ,e%oo1 ,mr4 ,phillips1
 ,mr4 ,correa1 ,ms4 ,h\lahan1 ,ms4      
,williams ( ,georgia1 ,ms4 ,sn*ez1 ,mr4 
,gre5 ( ,texas1 ,ms4 ,roybal-,all>d1 &  
,ms4 ,escob>7 submitt$ ! foll[+         

resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,=eign ,affairs  ,,resolution       
,condemn+ ! sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce  
aga9/ wom5 & girls 9 ,e?iopia &         
emphasiz+ ! urg5t dem& = humanit>ian    
responses to meet _! ne$s4  ,:]eas !    
ongo+ conflict 9 nor!rn ,e?iopia t began
 9 ! ,tigray region is impact+ safety1  
heal?1 & human rights1 p>ticul>ly t (   
wom5 & girls1 & exac]bat+ und]ly+ g5d]  
inequality2 ,:]eas1 9 ,janu>y #bjba1 !  
,unit$ ,nations ,special ,repres5tative 
( ! ,secret>y-,g5]al on ,sexual ,viol5ce
 9 ,conflict call$ on all p>ties involv$
 9 ho/ilities 9 ,tigray to commit to a  
z]o-tol]ance policy = crimes ( sexual   
viol5ce1 9 l9e ) _! obligations "u      
int]national humanit>ian & human rights 
law2 ,:]eas p>ties to ! conflict include
 ! ,e?iopian ,national ,def5se ,=ces1 ! 
,eritrean ,def5se ,=ces1 regional =ces f
 ,amh>a & o!r regional /ates ( ,e?iopia1
 & =ces align$ ) ! ,tigray ,p's         
,lib]ation ,front2 ,:]eas1 9 ,janu>y    
#bjba1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,special       

,repres5tative ( ! ,secret>y-,g5]al on  
,sexual ,viol5ce 9 ,conflict call$ on ! 
,e?iopian ,gov]nm5t to ex]cise due      
dilig5ce obligations to protect all     
civilians f sexual & o!r viol5ce1 all[ =
 an indep5d5t inquiry into all          
allegations ( sexual & o!r =ms (        
viol5ce1 hold p]petrators acc\ntable1   
provide r$ress to victims1 & prev5t     
future violations2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$      
,nations ,"u-,secret>y-,g5]al =         
,humanit>ian ,affairs & ,em]g5cy ,relief
 ,coord9ator brief$ ! ,unit$ ,nations   
,security ,c\ncil 9 ,april #bjba t      
sexual viol5ce 0 be+ us$ z a weapon ( w>
 9 ! ,tigray region2 ,:]eas1 9 ,april   
#bjba1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,special       
,repres5tative ( ! ,secret>y-,g5]al on  
,sexual ,viol5ce 9 ,conflict confirm$   
acc\nts ( sexual viol5ce p]petrat$ by   
arm$ combatants1 includ+-- 7#a7 !       
sy/ematic use ( rape & sexual assault2  
7#b7 hold+ wom5 & girls captive = days &
 repeat$ly assault+ !m2  7#c7 t>get+ "y 
girls & pregnant wom52 &  7#d7 =c+      

family memb]s to wat* relatives be+     
brutally violat$2 ,:]eas ! ,e?iopian    
,human ,rights ,commission & ! ,(fice ( 
! ,unit$ ,nations ,high ,commission =   
,human ,rights conduct$ an inve/igation 
& releas$ _! report on ,novemb] #c1     
#bjba1 :i* docum5t$ likely violations ( 
human rights & humanit>ian law          
obligations committ$ by all p>ties to ! 
conflict t may also am\nt to w> crimes  
involv+ sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce (    
wom51 girls1 m51 & boys1 includ+ b n    
limit$ to-- 7#a7 gang1 oral1 & anal     
rape2  7#b7 ins]tion ( =eign objects    
into ! vag9a2  7#c7 transmission (      
,,hiv2 &  7#d7 =c$ nudity2 ,:]eas wom5 &
 girls cont9ue to be impact$            
disproportionately by ! mon?s-long      
gov]nm5t %utd[n ( ess5tial s]vices1     
includ+ electricity1 bank+1 &           
telecommunications1 & ! ob/ruction (    
humanit>ian assi/ance1 includ+ food1    
fuel1 m$ic9es1 & o!r humanit>ian        
supplies1 :i* negatively impacts _!     
well-be+ & height5s _! risk ( sexual    

exploitation & abuse1 includ+ by aid    
work]s1 9 ex*ange = necess>y supplies2  
,:]eas gr[+ food insecurity1 a lack (   
fully function+ heal? facilities1 !     
result ( delib]ate attacks by w>r+      
p>ties on heal? c>e1 ! spread (         
,,covid-#ai1 & ! %ortage ( basic ne$s 9 
,tigray is report$ly contribut+ to al>m+
 rates ( malnutrition & risks ( negative
 cop+ me*anisms1 includ+ sex = survival2
 ,:]eas1 due to ! delib]ate disruptions 
( humanit>ian supplies1 includ+ to      
con/ruct %elt] or = wat]1 sanitation1 & 
hygi5e1 _m displac$ civilians are %elt]+
 9 unf9i%$ or damag$ build+s1 mo/ ( :i* 
d n include sep>ate spaces or latr9es = 
wom5 & girls1 ?us increas+ risks (      
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce & ! spread ( c]ta9    
infecti\s diseases2 ,:]eas ov]          
#b1ajj1jjj p h be5 int]nally displac$ 9 
,tigray1 & an e/imat$ #e1bjj1jjj p !re  
are 9 ne$ ( humanit>ian assi/ance z (   
,augu/ #bjba1 :ile ano!r #cjj1jjj h     
report$ly be5 displac$ 9 ! neighbor+    
,amh>a & ,af> regions1 :]e an e/imat$   

#a1gjj1jjj are fac+ food insecurity z a 
result ( ! spread+ ho/ilities2 ,:]eas   
wom5 & girls :o are int]nally displac$  
cont9ue to be at increas$ risk ( sexual 
viol5ce2 ,:]eas widespread reports &    
hundr$s ( fir/h& acc\nts indicate t wom5
 & girls h be5 subject$ to sexual       
viol5ce1 includ+ gang rap+1 g5ital      
burn+1 ! =c+ ( =eign objects into _!    
g5itals1 & sexual slav]y2 ,:]eas        
sy/ematic mass sexual viol5ce aga9/ wom5
 & girls by combatants 9 ,tigray is     
e/imat$ to h be5 us$ aga9/ z _m z       
#aj1jjj survivors or m s9ce ! conflict  
began1 & ne>ly a qu>t] ( reports receiv$
 by #a ag5cy alone involv$ gang rape )  
victims z "y z #h ye>s old2 ,:]eas !    
,unit$ ,nations ,population ,fund       
projects t z _m z #bb1ejj survivors (   
sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce 9 ,tigray may
 seek cl9ical c>e 9 #bjba1 & report$ t  
!re is no sy/ematic response or         
survivor-c5t]$ c>e = mo/ survivors1 :i* 
fur!r traumatizes survivors & imp$es _! 
ability to access s]vices2 ,:]eas       

,tigray's ,regional ,heal? ,bureau      
record$ approximately #a1cbd cases (    
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce betwe5 ,novemb] #bjbj 
& ,may #bjba1 & incid5ts ( g5d]-bas$    
viol5ce are likely to be und]c\nt$ due  
to lack ( access to ! conflict zones1   
/igmatization ( sexual assault1         
survivors' fe> ( retaliation1 & limit$  
access to s]vices & tru/$ m$ical s]vice 
provid]s2 ,:]eas ov] #c1hjj1jjj p h     
limit$ access to s]vices 9 ,tigray1 )   
only #ch p]c5t ( heal? facilities       
op]ational1 ) aid ag5cies imp$$ f       
rehabilitat+ & reequipp+ heal?          
facilities1 & #bi p]c5t ( heal?         
facilities at p>tial capacity to provide
 po/-rape treatm5t2 ,:]eas1 despite !   
urg5t ne$ to provide survivors ( sexual 
viol5ce ) support s]vices & cl9ical     
managem5t ( rape1 includ+ em]g5cy m$ical
 treatm5t1 po/exposure prophylaxis to   
prev5t sexually transmitt$ infections1  
em]g5cy contraceptives1 & psy*osocial   
support1 ! ,e?iopian ,gov]nm5t has      
block$ ! deliv]y ( m$ic9es & m$ical     

supplies1 _m heal? work]s h n receiv$   
sal>ies = mon?s1 prop] g5d]-bas$ viol5ce
 case managem5t s]vices1 includ+ m5tal  
heal? & psy*osocial support1 rema9      
insuffici5t 9 mo/ locations 9 ,tigray1 &
 em]g5cy contraception 0 only available 
9 less ?an half ( ! facilities assess$  
by ! ,unit$ ,nations2 ,:]eas heal? c>e  
work]s docum5t+ cases ( sexual viol5ce  
face reprisal attacks1 & ! majority (   
heal? facilities 9 ! ,tigray region h   
be5 damag$ & loot$1 imp$+ crisis-affect$
 populations' access to heal? s]vices2  
,:]eas int]national humanit>ian actors  
cont9ue to face access & security issues
 t prev5t aid f rea*+ ! victims (       
viol5ce1 & ongo+ conflict has result$ 9 
! dea?s ( at lea/ #bc humanit>ian aid   
work]s 9 ,tigray s9ce ,novemb] #bjbj2   
,:]eas j\rnali/s report+ on evid5ce (   
sexual viol5ce op]at+ 9 ,tigray face    
?reats1 intimidation1 h>assm5ts1 &      
arre/s2 ,:]eas ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate's    
#bjbj ,c\ntry ,reports on ,human ,rights
 ,practices not$ significant human      

rights abuses 9 ,e?iopia1 includ+ lack (
 inve/igation ( & acc\ntability =       
viol5ce aga9/ wom52 crimes involv+      
viol5ce or ?reats ( viol5ce t>get+      
memb]s ( racial or e?nic m9ority gr\ps2 
& exi/5ce or use ( laws crim9aliz+      
same-sex sexual conduct2 ,:]eas1 9 ,may 
#bjba1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate issu$ visa   
re/rictions = ,e?iopian & ,eritrean     
,gov]nm5t (ficials & security =ces1     
includ+ ^? :o h conduct$ wrongful       
viol5ce & abuses aga9/ p 9 ! ,tigray    
region2 ,:]eas1 9 ,augu/ #bjba1 !       
,dep>tm5t ( ! ,treasury impos$ sanctions
 on ! ,*ief ( ,/aff ( ! ,eritrean       
,def5se ,=ces "u ! ,global ,magnitsky   
,human ,rights ,acc\ntability ,act = be+
 a lead] ( an entity engag$ 9 s]i\s     
human rights abuses1 includ+ sexual     
viol5ce1 committ$ dur+ ! ongo+ conflict 
9 ,tigray1 & cit$ ! use ( sexual viol5ce
 by m5 9 uni=m z a weapon ( w> & a means
 to t]rorize & traumatize ! entire      
population2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates issu$
 a sanctions regime 9 ,septemb] #bjba1  

t>get+ ^? responsible =1 or complicit 91
 prolong+ ! conflict 9 ,e?iopia2 ,:]eas 
! ,unit$ ,/ates has already committ$    
ne>ly #fcg1jjj1jjj s9ce ,novemb] #bjbj  
to scale up ! humanit>ian response 9    
,e?iopia1 includ+ programs to address   
food insecurity & malnutrition1 z well z
 d$icat$ support = survivors ( g5d]-bas$
 viol5ce su* z case managem5t1 safe     
spaces1 & psy*osocial support2 & ,:]eas 
global fund+ gaps = ! ,tigray           
humanit>ian response p]si/1 p>ticul>ly =
 s]vices to address ! unique & increas+ 
ne$s ( wom5 & girls1 ) only #ejj1jjj ( !
 ,unit$ ,nations em]g5cy fund+ appeal = 
,tigray 9 ,decemb] #bjbj id5tifi$ =     
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce programm+ & only      
#a1ejj1jjj to meet a l>ge & gr[+ ne$ =  
sexual & reproductive heal? c>e2 ,n[1   
!re=e1 be x ,t ! ,h\se (                
,repres5tatives-- 7#a7 condemns !       
atrocities & possible crimes aga9/      
humanity be+ p]petrat$ aga9/ wom5 &     
girls 9 ,e?iopia2  7#b7 condemns !      
delib]ate & widespread attacks on heal? 

c>e1 includ+ delib]ate de/ruction &     
occupation ( facilities1 by w>r+ p>ties2
  7#c7 condemns ! blockade ( humanit>ian
 assi/ance1 includ+ = food1 fuel1 &     
m$ic9es1 & ! %utd[n ( ess5tial s]vices  
includ+ bank+1 telecommunications1 &    
electricity t is h>m+ ! civilian        
population1 p>ticul>ly wom5 & girls2    
7#d7 notes ! jo9t inve/igation conduct$ 
by ! ,e?iopian ,human ,rights           
,commission & ! ,(fice ( ! ,unit$       
,nations ,high ,commission] = ,human    
,rights into ! human rights violations &
 abuses alleg$ly committ$ by all p>ties 
9 ! context ( ! ,tigray conflict1 &     
urges ^! p>ties to ensure t !           
inve/igation paves ! way = a robu/1     
indep5d5t1 transp>5t1 & imp>tial        
me*anism t c ensure evid5ce ( relat$    
crimes are pres]v$ = future             
acc\ntability2  7#e7 reaffirms !        
importance ( ,unit$ ,/ates diplomatic   
pressure on all p>ties to ! conflict to 
p]man5tly cease ho/ilities & respect !  
curr5t cease-fire agreem5t1 fulfill _!  

obligations "u int]national human rights
 & humanit>ian law1 & all[ unh9d]$      
access = humanit>ian respond]s to meet !
 ne$s ( p impact$ by ! conflict2  7#f7  
emphasizes ! critical importance (      
ensur+ wom5 mean+fully p>ticipate 9 !   
design & implem5tation ( humanit>ian    
action & ! negotiation ( peace agreem5ts
 to meet _! unique ne$s 9 ?is crisis    
context1 to protect _! human rights1 &  
to provide an environm5t =              
reconciliation2  7#g7 urges ! ,gov]nm5ts
 ( ,e?iopia & ,eritrea to-- 7,a7 condemn
 sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce p]petrat$   
aga9/ wom5 & girls 9 ?is conflict2  7,b7
 hold all p]petrators :o commit acts (  
sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce acc\ntable2  
7,c7 provide r$ress to survivors (      
sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce2 &  7,d7     
ensure docum5tation & prompt            
inve/igation ( reports ( sexual &       
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce committ$ dur+ !       
conflict t is survivor-c5t]$2  7#h7     
emphasizes ! urg5t ne$ ( all p>ties to !
 conflict to-- 7,a7 commit to an        

imm$iate1 indef9ite1 negotiat$          
cease-fire2  7,b7 issue cle> & public   
in/ructions to arm$ =ces & gr\ps t =ms (
 sexual & g5d]-bas$ viol5ce are         
prohibit$ & puni%able on ! basis (      
direct & comm& responsibility1 includ+  
sup]iors :o ord]$ or fail$ to prev5t or 
/op violations2 &  7,c7 engage 9 an     
inclusive political dialogue to "w t[>d 
a la/+ resolution to ,e?iopia's e?nic & 
political divisions2 &  7#i7 urges !    
,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ensure   
acc\ntability = human rights abuses &   
atrocities committ$ aga9/ civilians1    
includ+ wom5 & girls 9 ! ,tigray region 
& neighbor+ regions ( ,amh>a & ,af>1 &  
o!r p>ts ( ,e?iopia1 includ+ by-- 7,a7  
support+ ! full inve/igation (          
atrocities aga9/ wom5 & girls 9 ,tigray1
 ,amh>a1 ,af>1 & o!r p>ts ( nor!rn      
,e?iopia2 &  7,b7 direct+ ! ,dep>tm5t ( 
,/ate & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy =        
,int]national ,developm5t to-- 7i7      
lev]age exi/+ programs & allocate new   
res\rces to provide compreh5sive support

 to survivors ( sexual & g5d]-bas$      
viol5ce1 includ+ sexual & reproductive  
heal? s]vices1 psy*osocial c>e1 & legal 
s]vices1 includ+ ^? "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,/rategy on ,wom51 ,peace1 & ,security  
p] ! ,wom51 ,peace1 & ,security ,act (  
#bjag2  7ii7 support local civil society
 organizations1 p>ticul>ly wom5's       
organizations1 t provide relief to      
survivors ( sexual viol5ce & ensure /aff
 security is prioritiz$ = frontl9e      
respond]s2 &  7iii7 support ! ,unit$    
,nations & o!r humanit>ian aid respond]s
 to e/abli% a coord9ation me*anism to   
ensure compreh5sive prev5tion1          
mitigation1 & response to sexual &      
g5d]-bas$ viol5ce4