,,iv  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #ejj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,june #be1 #bjba,mr4  
,gallagh] 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,gallego1    
,mr4 ,mc,caul1 ,mr4 ,got!im]1 ,ms4      
,/efanik1 ,mr4 ,gold51 & ,mr4           
,fitzpatrick7 submitt$ ! foll[+         
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,=eign ,affairs  ,,resolution       
,condemn+ ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty =    
#ajj ye>s ( gross violations ( human    
rights & /&+ ) ! ,*9ese p 9 _! /ruggle =
 lib]ty4  ,:]eas1 9 #aicj1 dur+ !       
,futian incid5t1 cadres :o _h oppos$    
,mao ,z$ong's purges /emm+ f !          
,anti-,bol%evik ,league incid5t 7 deta9$
 & execut$2 ,:]eas1 f #aidb to #aide1   
dur+ ! ,yan'an ,rectification ,movem5t1 
?\s&s ( cadres 7 deta9$1 tortur$1 & 9 "s
 cases execut$ z ,mao ,z$ong c5traliz$  
control ov] ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty2   
,:]eas1 dur+ ! siege ( ,*ang*un 9 #aidh1
 dur+ ! ,*9ese civil w>1 a ,p's         
,lib]ation ,army milit>y blockade ( !   
,man*urian city ( ,*ang*un cut (f access

 ( food & supplies lead+ to ! />vation &
 dea? ( m ?an #ajj1jjj civilians2       
,:]eas1 9 ! late #aidjs1 ! ,*9ese       
,communi/ ,p>ty ov]saw a massive l& re=m
 movem5t campaign1 9 :i* l&lords & o!rs 
deem$ to be ( ! b\rgeoisie 7 beat5 &    
murd]$1 ) ,mao ,z$ong himself claim+ t z
 _m z #b to #c million citiz5s 7 kill$2 
,:]eas1 9 #aidi1 ! ,p's ,lib]ation ,army
 =cefully incorporat$ ! we/]n region (  
,x9jiang & co]c$ ! local gov]nm5t ) aid 
& support f ! ,soviet ,union2 ,:]eas1 9 
#aiea1 ! ,p's ,lib]ation ,army annex$   
,tibet & 9 #aiei1 put d[n an upris+1    
kill+ ?\s&s & =c+ ! ,dalai ,lama &      
,tibetan gov]nm5t into exile2 ,:]eas1   
dur+ ! ,?ree-,anti & ,five-,anti        
campaigns 9 #aiea & #aieb1 ! ,*9ese     
,communi/ ,p>ty laun*$ movem5ts aim$ to 
t>get loyali/s to ! ,republic ( ,*9a    
,gov]nm5t & ^? deem$ z be+ memb]s ( !   
capitali/ class1 result+ 9 ov] #ajj1jjj 
dea?s f bo? execution & =c$ suicide2    
,:]eas1 f #aiej to #aiec1 ! ,campaign to
 ,suppress ,c\nt]revolution>ies saw !   

,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty laun* a political
 op]ation to arre/ & deta9 ^? deem$     
loyal to ! ,republic ( ,*9a ,gov]nm5t1 )
 (ficial e/imates putt+ ! numb] ( dea?s 
by execution or =c$ labor at ov]        
#gjj1jjj2 ,:]eas1 f #aiee to #aieg1 !   
,sufan campaign l$ to hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( 
noncommuni/ intellectuals be+ p]secut$  
dur+ a ,mao-direct$ purg+ (             
c\nt]revolution>ies2 ,:]eas1 f #aieg to 
#aieh1 ! ,anti-,righti/ campaign l$ to !
 indiscrim9ate det5tion ( millions (    
intellectuals & capitali/s :o 7 =c$ into
 h>d labor1 result+ 9 c\ntless dea?s2   
,:]eas1 dur+ ! #aieh ,xunhua incid5t 9  
,q+hai1 =ces ( ! ,p's ,lib]ation ,army  
massacr$ z _m z #djj civilians foll[+ a 
prote/ aga9/ ! decision ( local (ficials
 to impose /rict rules = sociali/       
trans=mation & ! det5tion ( local       
religi\s figures2 ,:]eas1 f #aieh to    
#aifb1 ,mao ,z$ong's ,great ,leap ,=w>d 
result$ 9 "o ( ! wor/ man-made          
cata/rophes ( all "t1 9 :i* ,mao's      
collectivization ( agriculture result$ 9

 a cata/rophic fam9e t l$ to ! dea? by  
/>vation ( z _m z #bj to #dj million    
citiz5s2 ,:]eas1 s9ce #aieh1 !          
implem5tation ( ! ,huk\ ,regi/ration    
,regulation has categoriz$ bo? urban &  
rural populations1 /rictly m&at+ :]e    
citiz5s & _! families c "w1 travel1 &   
att5d s*ool+1 ) a p>ticul> impact on !  
rural population 9 t]ms ( deep weal? &  
social disadvantage2 ,:]eas1 f #aiff to 
#aigf1 ,mao ,z$ong's cultural revolution
 saw ! arbitr>y arre/1 torture1 &       
execution ( millions ( citiz5s1 )       
e/imates rang+ f #a to #ce million2     
,:]eas1 9 ,augu/ #aiff1 m commonly kn[n 
z ,r$ ,augu/1 m ?an #a1gjj citiz5s      
across ,beij+1 prim>ily consi/+ ( s*ool 
tea*]s & pr9cipals1 7 kill$ by radical  
,r$ ,gu>d p>amilit>y =ces 9 a campaign t
 0 laun*$ foll[+ a meet+ betwe5 ,mao    
,z$ong & ,r$ ,gu>d lead]s1 :o !n act$ to
 en=ce 8 policy ( de/roy+ ! ,f\r ,olds2 
,:]eas1 9 ! summ] ( #aige1 ! ,%adian    
incid5t saw a crackd[n on ! ,hui e?nic  
m9ority population ( ,yunnan ,prov9ce1  

:]e9 memb]s ( ! ,hui community          
demon/rat$ = religi\s fre$oms & attempt$
 to =cefully reop5 mosques t _h be5     
%utt]$ by ! local gov]nm5t1 & #aj1jjj   
troops ( ! ,p's ,lib]ation ,army 7      
summon$ to cru% ! movem5t1 kill+ an     
e/imat$ #a1fjj civilians includ+ #cjj   
*ildr52 ,:]eas1 f #aigi to #bjae1 !     
,*9ese ,gov]nm5t's ,"o ,*ild ,policy    
inhibit$ millions ( families f hav+ m   
?an "o *ild1 & to :i* local gov]nm5ts 7 
grant$ ! ability to require ! use ( =c$ 
abortions & /]ilization 9 addition to   
imm5se p5alties & f9es = violators2     
,:]eas1 9 ! spr+ ( #aihi1 foll[+ ! dea? 
( pro-re=m =m] ,g5]al ,secret>y ,hu     
,yaobang ( ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty1    
nationwide /ud5t prote/s dem&+ great]   
fre$oms 7 met ) a viol5t crackd[n1      
culm9at+ on ,june #d? z =ces ( ! ,p's   
,lib]ation ,army but*]$ /ud5ts &        
prote/ors 9 :at is n[ kn[n z ! ,tiananm5
 ,squ>e ,massacre2 ,:]eas1 s9ce #aiii1 !
 ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty has enact$ a    
widespread campaign to elim9ate !       

practice ( ! ,falun ,gong religi\s      
movem5t bo? )9 ,*9a & ar\nd ! globe1    
utiliz+ me?ods ( suppression includ+    
arbitr>y det5tion1 =c$ labor1 physical  
torture1 noncons5sual organ h>ve/+1 & 9 
"s in/ances ev5 dea?2 ,:]eas1 9 #bjjh1  
,*9ese police & milit>y =ces l$ a viol5t
 crackd[n on ,tibetans :o 7 prote/+ !   
,gov]nm5t's treatm5t & p]secution ( !   
local population1 result+ 9 an untold   
numb] ( civilians kill$ & ! illegal     
det5tion ( activi/s1 _m ( :om report$ t 
!y 7 tortur$ & =c$ to falsely decl>e t !
 exil$ ,dalai ,lama _h paid !m to       
or*e/rate ! prote/2 ,:]eas1 s9ce #bjjh1 
! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty has p]secut$   
v>i\s individuals l9k$ to ,*>t] #jh1 a  
manife/o call+ = great] transp>5cy &    
fre$oms = ! p ( ,*9a1 & 9 :i* "o ( !    
signatories1 #bjaj ,nobel ,peace ,prize 
aw>dee1 ,liu ,xiaobo1 0 imprison$ by !  
,*9ese ,gov]nm5t & lat] di$ ( liv] canc]
 aft] be+ d5i$ =eign m$ical treatm5t2   
,:]eas1 s9ce #bjac1 ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t  
has crack$ d[n on ! practice (          

,*ri/ianity1 =c+ *ur*es to remove _!    
/eeples1 & p]secut+ practition]s & =c+  
h\se *ur*es to %ut _! doors2 ,:]eas1 9 !
 summ] ( #bjae1 ! #gji ,crackd[n l$ to  
abductions1 arre/s1 & p]secutions ( ov] 
#bjj prom95t human rights activi/s &    
civil rights lawy]s across ,*9a1 deal+ a
 deva/at+ bl[ to ! nation's             
rights-def5se movem5t2 ,:]eas1 s9ce     
#bjad1 ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty has     
conduct$ ,op]ation ,foxhunt1 a cov]t    
global campaign design$ to sil5ce diss5t
 & pressure =eign gov]nm5ts to extradite
 individuals "u ! guise (               
anticorruption1 9 :i* ! ,director ( !   
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation1         
,*ri/oph] ,wray1 9 ,july #bjbj1 describ$
 ! op]ation z a sweep+ bid by ,g5]al    
,secret>y ,xi to t>get ,*9ese nationals 
:om he sees z ?reats1 & t families ( ^! 
t>gets h be5 ?reat5$ & co]c$1 & ^? back 
9 ,*9a h ev5 be5 arre/$ = lev]age42     
,:]eas1 9 ! fall ( #bjae1 #e /aff memb]s
 ( ,hong ,kong's ,causeway ,bay ,books1 
an outlet sell+ books cov]+ ! salaci\s  

lives & rumors ( elites ( ! ,*9ese      
,communi/ ,p>ty1 7 secretly abduct$ only
 lat] resurfac+ inside ,*9a & express+  
co]c$ confessions to v>i\s crimes1 & (  
^! individuals1 ,gui ,m9hai curr5tly    
rema9s 9 ,*9ese cu/ody2 ,:]eas1 s9ce    
#bjag1 ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty has     
committ$ grotesque human rights abuses  
aga9/ ,uyghurs & o!r e?nic m9orities 9  
,x9jiang1 & e/imates /ate t ov] "o      
million ,uyghurs h be5 ref9$ to         
re-education camps & =c$ to give up     
traditional religi\s & cultural         
practices2 ,:]eas1 9 ,july #bjbj1 ,*9a's
 rubb]/amp ,national ,p's ,congress     
directly implem5t$ a draconian ,hong    
,kong ,national ,security ,law t aims to
 curb citiz5s ( ,hong ,kong fre$oms1 &  
sil5ce all =ms ( political spee*1       
opposition1 & diss5t1 pav+ ! way =      
arbitr>y arre/s "u ill-def9$ allegations
 ( subv]sion1 secession1 & collud+ )    
=eign p[]s2 ,:]eas1 9 ! fall ( #bjbj1   
,*9ese police =ces arre/$ & suppress$   
demon/rators 9 inn] ,mongolia foll[+    

prote/s aga9/ ! ,autonom\s ,region      
gov]nm5t's decision to replace !        
,mongolian language z ! m$ium (         
in/ruction 9 favor ( /&>diz$ ,m&>91     
view$ by _m ,mongolians z an attempt to 
erase ! region's unique hi/ory & culture
 9 favor ( =c$ assimilation ) ! majority
 ,han culture2 ,:]eas1 9 ,decemb] #bjbj1
 lawy]-turn$-j\rnali/ ,zhang ,zhan 0    
s5t5c$ to #d ye>s 9 prison = h]         
indep5d5t report+ on ! situation 9 & !  
,gov]nm5t's h&l+ ( ! ,,covid-#ai p&emic 
9 ! city ( ,wuhan2 ,:]eas ,ms4 ,zhang's 
report+ c\nt]$ ! propag&i/ n>rative set 
by /ate m$ia outlets & gave millions an 
inside look at :at 0 truly happ5+ 9     
,wuhan dur+ ! e>lie/ /ages ( ! p&emic2  
,:]eas1 9 ,janu>y #bjba1 ! =m] ,secret>y
 ( ,/ate ,mike ,pompeo det]m9$ t !      
,*9ese ,gov]nm5t's human rights abuses 9
 ,x9jiang am\nt$ to crimes aga9/        
humanity & g5ocide2 ,:]eas1 9 ,febru>y  
#bjba1 ,canada's ,h\se ( ,commons       
unanim\sly decl>$ t ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t's
 actions t[>d ! ,uyghur p 9 ,x9jiang 0  

g5ocide2 ,:]eas1 9 ,m>* #bjba1 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates1 ! ,european ,union1 ! ,unit$    
,k+dom1 & ,canada impos$ sanctions on   
s5ior ,*9ese (ficials & memb]s ( !      
security app>atus ov] human rights      
abuses direct$ t[>d ! ,uyghur p 9       
,x9jiang2 ,:]eas1 9 ,m>* #bjba1         
,secret>y ( ,/ate ,antony ,bl9k5 & !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate affirm$ ! judgm5t ( ! 
previ\s adm9i/ration1 decl>+ t ! ,*9ese 
,gov]nm5t's actions 9 ,x9jiang aga9/ !  
,uyghur p con/itut$ crimes aga9/        
humanity & g5ocide2 & ,:]eas1 9 ,april  
#bjba1 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom's ,h\se (        
,commons vot$ to decl>e t x is _! belief
 t ,*9a's actions 9 ,x9jiang am\nt to   
g5ocide3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,h\se (  
,repres5tatives-- 7#a7 condemns ! ,*9ese
 ,communi/ ,p>ty = #ajj ye>s ( gross    
violations ( human rights1 includ+      
repression1 torture1 mass imprisonm5t1 &
 g5ocide2  7#b7 supports ! inh]5t "r ( !
 ,*9ese p to self-det]m9ation & free    
political expression indep5d5t ( "o-p>ty
 rule2  7#c7 calls on ! ,gov]nm5t ( !   

,unit$ ,/ates & l-m9d$ allies & p>tn]s  
to support human rights 9 ! ,p's        
,republic ( ,*9a1 includ+ ?r\gh ! use ( 
te*nology to support & enable free      
expression & in=mation2 &  7#d7 looks   
=w>d to ! day t ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty
 no long] exi/s4