,i #aag? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #ieac ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,decemb] #ac1 #bjbb ,mr4 ,kilm] 7= himself & ,mr4 ,gallagh]7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,h\se ,adm9i/ration ,a ,,bill ,to enhance transp>5cy & acc\ntability = onl9e political adv]tisem5ts by requir+ ^? :o pur*ase & publi% su* ads to disclose in=mation ab\t ! adv]tisem5ts to ! public1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,hone/ ,ads ,act4 #b4 ,purpose ,! purpose ( ?is ,act is to enhance ! integrity ( ,am]ican democracy & national security by improv+ disclosure requirem5ts = onl9e political adv]tisem5ts 9 ord] to uphold ! ,supreme ,c\rt's well-e/abli%$ /&>d t ! electorate be>s ! "r to be fully in=m$4 #c4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7 ,9 #bjjb1 ! ,bip>tisan ,campaign ,re=m ,act ( #bjjb 7,public ,law #ajg-aee7 became law1 e/abli%+ disclosure requirem5ts = political adv]tisem5ts di/ribut$ f a television or radio broadca/ /ation or provid] ( cable or satellite television4 ,9 #bjjc1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt upheld regulations on electione]+ communications e/abli%$ "u ! ,act1 not+ t su* requirem5ts provide ! electorate ) in=mation & insure t ! vot]s are fully in=m$ ab\t ! p]son or gr\p :o is speak+4 ,! ,c\rt reaffirm$ ?is conclusion 9 #bjaj by an #h-a vote4 7#b7 ,9 its #bjjf rulemak+1 ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission1 ! indep5d5t ,f$]al ag5cy *>g$ ) protect+ ! integrity ( ! ,f$]al campaign f9ance process1 not$ t #ah p]c5t ( all ,am]icans cit$ ! int]net z _! lead+ s\rce ( news ab\t ! #bjjd ,presid5tial election4 ,by contra/1 ,gallup & ! ,knight ,f\ndation f\nd 9 #bjbj t ! majority ( ,am]icans1 #eh p]c5t1 got mo/ ( _! news ab\t elections onl9e4 7#c7 ,accord+ to a /udy f ,borrell ,associates1 9 #bjaf1 #a1dae1jjj1jjj 0 sp5t on onl9e adv]tis+1 m ?an quadruple ! am\nt 9 #bjab4 7#d7 ,effective & complete transp>5cy = vot]s mu/ include in=mation ab\t ! true & orig9al s\rce ( money giv51 transf]r$1 & sp5t on political adv]tisem5ts made onl9e4 7#e7 ,requir+ ! disclosure ( ?is in=mation is a necess>y & n>r[ly tailor$ means to in=m ! vot+ public ( :o is beh9d digital adv]tis+ dissem9at$ to influ5ce _! votes & to enable ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice to detect & prosecute illegal =eign sp5d+ on local1 ,/ate1 & ,f$]al elections & o!r campaign f9ance violations4 7#f7 ,paid adv]tis+ on l>ge onl9e plat=ms is diff]5t f adv]tis+ plac$ on o!r common m$ia 9 t]ms ( ! comp>atively l[ co/ ( rea*+ l>ge numb]s ( p1 ! availability ( sophi/icat$ microt>get+1 & ! ease ) :i* onl9e adv]tis]s1 p>ticul>ly ^? locat$ outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 c evade disclosure requirem5ts4 ,requir+ l>ge onl9e plat=ms to ma9ta9 public files ( in=mation ab\t ! onl9e political ads !y dissem9ate is ! be/ & lea/ re/rictive means to ensure ! vot+ public has complete in=mation ab\t :o is try+ to influ5ce _! votes & to aid en=cem5t ( o!r laws1 includ+ ! prohibition on =eign money 9 dome/ic campaigns4 7#g7 ,! rea* ( a few l>ge int]net plat=ms--l>g] ?an any broadca/1 satellite1 or cable provid]--has greatly facilitat$ ! scope & effectiv5ess ( dis9=mation campaigns4 ,= in/ance1 ! l>ge/ plat=m has ov] #baj1jjj1jjj ,am]ican us]s--ov] #afj1jjj1jjj ( !m on a daily basis4 ,by contra/1 ! l>ge/ cable television provid] has #bb1dcj1jjj subscrib]s1 :ile ! l>ge/ satellite television provid] has #ba1jjj1jjj subscrib]s1 & ! mo/-wat*$ television broadca/ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory _h #aah1jjj1jjj view]s4 7#h7 ,! public nature ( broadca/ television1 radio1 & satellite ensures a level ( publicity = any political adv]tisem5t4 ,^! communications are accessible to ! press1 fact-*eck]s1 & political oppon5ts4 ,?is creates /rong dis9c5tives = a c&idate to dissem9ate mat]ially false1 inflammatory1 or contradictory messages to ! public4 ,social m$ia plat=ms1 9 contra/1 c t>get portions ( ! electorate ) direct1 ephem]al adv]tisem5ts (t5 on ! basis ( private in=mation ! plat=m has on individuals1 enabl+ political adv]tisem5ts t are contradictory1 racially or socially inflammatory1 or mat]ially false4 7#i7 ,accord+ to ,comscore1 #b companies own #h ( ! #aj mo/ popul> sm>t phone applications z ( ,june #bjag1 includ+ ! mo/ popul> social m$ia & email s]vices :i* deliv] in=mation & news to us]s )\t requir+ proactivity by ! us]4 ,^? same #b companies acc\nt$ = #ii p]c5t ( rev5ue gr[? f digital adv]tis+ 9 #bjaf1 includ+ #gg p]c5t ( gross sp5d+4 #gi p]c5t ( onl9e ,am]icans--repres5t+ #fh p]c5t ( all ,am]icans--use ! s+le l>ge/ social network1 :ile #ff p]c5t ( ^! us]s are mo/ likely to get _! news f t site4 7#aj7 ,l>ge social m$ia plat=ms are ! only entities 9 possession ( c]ta9 key data relat$ to paid onl9e ads1 includ+ ! exact audi5ce t>get$ by ^? ads & _! numb] ( impressions4 ,su* in=mation1 :i* _c be reliably disclos$ by ! pur*as]s ( ads1 is extremely useful = in=m+ ! electorate1 gu>d+ aga9/ corruption1 & aid+ 9 ! en=cem5t ( exi/+ campaign f9ance regulations4 7#aa7 ,paid adv]tisem5ts on social m$ia plat=ms h s]v$ z critical tools = =eign onl9e influ5ce campaigns--ev5 ^? t rely on l>ge am\nts ( unpaid cont5t--because su* ads all[ =eign actors to te/ ! effectiv5ess ( diff]5t messages1 expose _! messages to audi5ces :o h n s\ght out su* cont5t1 & recruit audi5ces = future campaigns & po/s4 7#ab7 ,9 te/imony be=e ! ,s5ate ,select ,committee on ,intellig5ce titl$1 ,dis9=mation3 ,a ,prim] 9 ,russian ,active ,measures & ,influ5ce ,campaigns1 multiple exp]t witnesses te/ifi$ t :ile ! dis9=mation tactics ( =eign adv]s>ies h n necess>ily *ang$1 social m$ia s]vices n[ provide plat=ms practically purpose-built = active measures44 ,simil>ly1 z ,g54 ,kei? ,b4 ,alex&] 7,,ret471 ! =m] ,director ( ! ,national ,security ,ag5cy1 te/ifi$1 dur+ ! ,cold ,w> if ! ,soviet ,union s\ght to manipulate in=mation fl[1 x w\ld h to d s pr9cipally ?r\gh its own propag&a outlets or ?r\gh active measures t w\ld g5]ate specific news3 plant+ ( leaflets1 incit+ ( viol5ce1 creation ( o!r false mat]ials & n>ratives4 ,b ! news itself 0 h>d to manipulate because x w\ld h requir$ actual control ( ! organs ( m$ia1 :i* took long-t]m ef=ts to p5etrate4 ,today1 h[ev]1 because ! cle> majority ( ! in=mation on social m$ia sites is uncurat$ & !re is a rapid prolif]ation ( in=mation s\rces & o!r sites t c re9=ce in=mation1 !re is an increas+ likelihood t ! in=mation available to av]age consum]s may be inaccurate 7:e!r int5tionally or o!rwise7 & may be m easily manipulable ?an 9 prior eras44 7#ac7 ,on ,novemb] #bd1 #bjaf1 ,! ,wa%+ton ,po/ report$ f9d+s f #b teams ( indep5d5t rese>*]s t conclud$ ,russians exploit$ ,am]ican-made te*nology plat=ms to attack ,u4,s4 democracy at a p>ticul>ly vuln]able mom5t 99 99 99 z "p ( a broadly effective /rategy ( s[+ di/ru/ 9 ,u4,s4 democracy & its lead]s44 7#ad7 ,on ,janu>y #f1 #bjag1 ! ,(fice ( ! ,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce publi%$ a report titl$ ,assess+ ,russian ,activities & ,int5tions 9 ,rec5t ,u4,s4 ,elections1 not+ t ,russian ,presid5t ,vladimir ,put9 ord]$ an influ5ce campaign 9 #bjaf aim$ at ! ,u4,s4 presid5tial election 99 99 994 ,mosc['s influ5ce campaign foll[$ a ,russian messag+ /rategy t bl5ds cov]t intellig5ce op]ation--su* z cyb] activity--) ov]t ef=ts by ,russian ,gov]nm5t ag5cies1 ,/ate-fund$ m$ia1 ?ird-p>ty int]m$i>ies1 & paid social m$ia us]s or trolls4 7#ae7 ,on ,septemb] #f1 #bjag1 ! nation's l>ge/ social m$ia plat=m disclos$ t betwe5 ,june #bjae & ,may #bjag1 ,russian entities pur*as$ #ajj1jjj 9 political adv]tisem5ts1 publi%+ r\ghly #c1jjj ads l9k$ to fake acc\nts associat$ ) ! ,int]net ,rese>* ,ag5cy1 a pro-,kreml9 organization4 ,accord+ to ! company1 ! ads pur*as$ focus$ on amplify+ divisive social & political messages 99 99 994 7#af7 ,f9d+s f a #bjag /udy on ! manipulation ( public op9ion ?r\gh social m$ia conduct$ by ! ,computational ,propag&a ,rese>* ,project at ! ,ox=d ,int]net ,in/itute f\nd t ! ,kreml9 is us+ pro-,russian bots to manipulate public disc\rse to a highly t>get$ audi5ce4 ,) a sample ( ne>ly #a1cjj1jjj tweets1 rese>*]s f\nd t 9 ! #bjaf election's #c decisive ,/ates1 propag&a con/itut$ #dj p]c5t ( ! sampl$ election-relat$ tweets t w5t to ,p5nsylvanians1 #cd p]c5t to ,mi*igan vot]s1 & #cj p]c5t to ^? 9 ,wiscons94 ,9 o!r sw+ ,/ates1 ! figure rea*$ #db p]c5t 9 ,miss\ri1 #da p]c5t 9 ,florida1 #dj p]c5t 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #ch p]c5t 9 ,colorado1 & #ce p]c5t 9 ,ohio4 7#ag7 #bjah report+ by ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ e/imat$ t paid ,russian ads receiv$ m ?an #cg1jjj1jjj impressions 9 #bjaf & #bjag4 7#ah7 ,a #bjai ,s5ate ,select ,committee on ,intellig5ce's ,report on ,russian ,active ,measures ,campaigns & ,int]f]5ce 9 ! #bjaf ,u4,s4 ,election ,volume #b3 ,russia's ,use ( ,social ,m$ia ) ,additional ,views1 ! ,committee recomm5d$ t ,congress exam9e legislative approa*es to ensur+ ,am]icans "k ! s\rces ( onl9e political adv]tisem5ts4 ,! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga requires political adv]tisem5ts on television1 radio & satellite to disclose ! sponsor ( ! adv]tisem5t4 ,! same requirem5ts %\ld apply onl9e4 ,?is w also help to ensure t ! ,,ira or any simil>ly situat$ actors _c use paid adv]tisem5ts = purposes ( =eign int]f]5ce44 7#ai7 ,a #bjbj /udy by rese>*]s at ,new ,york ,univ]sity f\nd undisclos$ political adv]tisem5t pur*ases on a l>ge social m$ia plat=m by a ,*9ese ,/ate m$ia company 9 violation ( t plat=m's suppos$ prohibitions on =eign sp5d+ on ads ( social1 national1 or electoral importance4 7#bj7 ,! same /udy also f\nd t !re are p]si/5t issues ) adv]tis]s fail+ to disclose political ads & t 9 "o social m$ia plat=m's political ad ar*ive1 #fh1hgi pages 7#ed4f p]c5t ( pages ) political ads includ$ 9 ! ar*ive7 nev] provid$ a disclosure4 ,ov]all1 !re 7 #ceg1jii ads run on t plat=m )\t a disclosure1 acc\nt+ = at lea/ #cg1jjj1jjj 9 sp5d+ on political ads4 7#ba7 ,a #bjbj report by ! bip>tisan & bicam]al ,u4,s4 ,cyb]space ,sol>ium ,commission f\nd t ,al?\gh =eign nationals are bann$ f contribut+ to ,u4,s4 political campaigns1 !y are /ill all[$ to pur*ase ,u4,s4 political adv]tisem5ts onl9e1 mak+ ! int]net a f]tile environm5t = conduct+ a malign influ5ce campaign to und]m9e ,am]ican elections44 ,! ,commission conclud$ t ,russian int]f]5ce 9 ! #bjaf election 0 & /ill is possible1 because ! ,,feca1 :i* e/abli%es rules = transp>5cy 9 television1 radio1 & pr9t m$ia political adv]tis+1 has n be5 am5d$ to ext5d ! same political adv]tis+ requirem5ts to int]net plat=ms1 & t apply+ ^! /&>ds across all m$ia ( communication w\ld1 among o!r ?+s1 increase transp>5cy ( fund+ = political adv]tisem5ts1 :i* w\ld 9 turn /r5g!n regulators' ability to r$uce improp] =eign influ5ce 9 our elections4 7#bb7 ,on ,m>* #af1 #bjba1 ! ,(fice ( ! ,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce releas$ ! declassifi$ ,intellig5ce ,community assessm5t ( =eign ?reats to ! #bjbj ,u4,s4 ,f$]al elections4 ,! declassifi$ report f\nd3 ,?r\gh\t ! election cycle1 ,russia's onl9e influ5ce actors s\ght to affect ,u4,s4 public p]ceptions ( ! c&idates1 z well z advance ,mosc['s long/&+ goals ( und]m9+ confid5ce 9 ,u4,s4 election processes & increas+ sociopolitical divisions among ! ,am]ican p44 ,! report also det]m9$ t ,iran s\ght to influ5ce ! election by creat+ & amplify+ social m$ia cont5t t criticiz$ c&idates4 7#bc7 ,accord+ to a ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal report 9 ,april #bjba1 volunt>y ad libr>ies op]at$ by major plat=ms rely on =eign gov]nm5ts to self-report political ad pur*ases4 ,^! ad buys1 includ+ ^? dim9i%+ major human rights violations l ! ,uighur g5ocide1 are "u-report$ by =eign gov]nm5t pur*as]s1 ) no sub/antial ov]sight or rep]cussions f ! plat=ms4 7#bd7 ,multiple reports h indicat$ t onl9e ads h become a key vector = /rategic influ5ce by ! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a4 ,an ,april #bjba ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal report not$ t ! ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t & ,*9ese ,/ate-own$ ent]prises are major pur*as]s ( ads on ! ,u4,s4's l>ge/ social m$ia plat=m1 includ+ to advance ,*9ese propag&a4 7#be7 ,l>ge onl9e plat=ms h made *anges to _! policies int5d$ to make x h>d] = =eign actors to pur*ase political ads4 ,h[ev]1 ^! private actions h n be5 tak5 by all plat=ms1 h n be5 reliably en=c$1 & are subject to imm$iate *ange at ! discretion ( ! plat=ms4 7#bf7 ,! ,f$]al ,election ,commission has fail$ to take action to address onl9e political adv]tisem5ts & curr5t regulations on political adv]tisem5ts d n provide suffici5t transp>5cy to uphold ! public's "r to be fully in=m$ ab\t political adv]tisem5ts made onl9e4 #d4 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 ! dramatic increase 9 digital political adv]tisem5ts1 & ! gr[+ c5trality ( onl9e plat=ms 9 ! lives ( ,am]icans1 requires ! ,congress & ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission to take mean+ful action to ensure t laws & regulations provide ! acc\ntability & transp>5cy t is fundam5tal to our democracy2 7#b7 free & fair elections require bo? transp>5cy & acc\ntability :i* give ! public a "r to "k ! true s\rces ( fund+ = political adv]tisem5ts1 be !y =eign or dome/ic1 9 ord] to make in=m$ political *oices & hold elect$ (ficials acc\ntable2 & 7#c7 transp>5cy ( fund+ = political adv]tisem5ts is ess5tial to en=ce o!r campaign f9ance laws1 includ+ ! prohibition on campaign sp5d+ by =eign nationals4 #e4 ,expansion ( def9ition ( public communication 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,p>agraph 7#bb7 ( section #cja ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjaja7bb77 is am5d$ by /rik+ or satellite communication & ins]t+ satellite1 paid int]net1 or paid digital communication4 7b7 ,treatm5t ( contributions & exp5ditures ,section #cja ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjaja7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#h77;,b77v71 by /rik+ on broadca/+ /ations1 or 9 newspap]s1 magaz9es1 or simil> types ( g5]al public political adv]tis+ & ins]t+ 9 any public communication2 & 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#i77;,b7-- 7,a7 by am5d+ clause 7i7 to read z foll[s3 7i7 any news /ory1 comm5t>y1 or editorial di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! facilities ( any broadca/+ /ation or any pr9t1 onl9e1 or digital newspap]1 magaz9e1 blog1 publication1 or p]iodical1 unless su* broadca/+1 pr9t1 onl9e1 or digital facilities are own$ or controll$ by any political p>ty1 political committee1 or c&idate2 2 & 7,b7 9 clause 7iv71 by /rik+ on broadca/+ /ations1 or 9 newspap]s1 magaz9es1 or simil> types ( g5]al public political adv]tis+ & ins]t+ 9 any public communication4 7c7 ,disclosure & disclaim] /atem5ts ,subsection 7a7 ( section #cah ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjabj7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ f9anc+ any communication ?r\gh any broadca/+ /ation1 newspap]1 magaz9e1 outdoor adv]tis+ facility1 mail+1 or any o!r type ( g5]al public political adv]tis+ & ins]t+ f9anc+ any public communication2 & 7#b7 by /rik+ solicits any contribution ?r\gh any broadca/+ /ation1 newspap]1 magaz9e1 outdoor adv]tis+ facility1 mail+1 or any o!r type ( g5]al public political adv]tis+ & ins]t+ solicits any contribution ?r\gh any public communication4 7d7 ,effective date ,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & %all take effect )\t reg>d to :e!r or n ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission has promulgat$ ! f9al regulations necess>y to c>ry out ?is "p & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is "p by ! deadl9e set =? 9 subsection 7e74 7e7 ,regulation ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission %all promulgate regulations on :at con/itutes a paid int]net or paid digital communication = purposes ( p>agraph 7#bb7 ( section #cja ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjaja7bb771 z am5d$ by subsection 7a71 except t su* regulation %all n def9e a paid int]net or paid digital communication to include communications = :i* ! only paym5t consi/s ( int]nal res\rces1 su* z employee comp5sation1 ( ! entity pay+ = ! communication4 #f4 ,expansion ( def9ition ( electione]+ communication 7a7 ,expansion to onl9e communications 7#a7 ,application to qualifi$ ,int]net & digital communications 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,subp>agraph 7,a7 ( section #cjd7;f77#c7 ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjajd7;f77#c77;,a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ or satellite communication ea* place x appe>s 9 clauses 7i7 & 7ii7 & ins]t+ satellite1 or qualifi$ int]net or digital communication4 7,b7 ,qualifi$ int]net or digital communication ,p>agraph 7#c7 ( section #cjd7;f7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjajd7;f77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3 7,d7 ,qualifi$ int]net or digital communication ,! t]m qualifi$ int]net or digital communication means any communication :i* is plac$ or promot$ = a fee on an onl9e plat=m 7z def9$ 9 subsection 7j77#c774 4 7#b7 ,nonapplication ( relevant electorate to onl9e communications ,section #cjd7;f77#c77;,a77i77,,iii7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjajd7;f77#c77;,a77i77,,iii77 is am5d$ by ins]t+ any broadca/1 cable1 or satellite be=e communication4 7#c7 ,news exemption ,section #cjd7;f77#c77;,b77i7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjajd7;f77#c77;,b77i77 is am5d$ to read z foll[s3 7i7 a communication appe>+ 9 a news /ory1 comm5t>y1 or editorial di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! facilities ( any broadca/+ /ation or any onl9e or digital newspap]1 magaz9e1 blog1 publication1 or p]iodical1 unless su* broadca/+1 onl9e1 or digital facilities are own$ or controll$ by any political p>ty1 political committee1 or c&idate2 4 7b7 ,effective date ,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all apply ) respect to communications made on or aft] ,janu>y #a1 #bjbc1 & %all take effect )\t reg>d to :e!r or n ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission has promulgat$ regulations to c>ry out su* am5dm5ts4 #g4 ,application ( disclaim] /atem5ts to onl9e communications 7a7 ,cle> & conspicu\s mann] requirem5t ,subsection 7a7 ( section #cah ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjabj7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ %all cle>ly /ate ea* place x appe>s 9 p>agraphs 7#a71 7#b71 & 7#c7 & ins]t+ %all /ate 9 a cle> & conspicu\s mann]2 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ flu% s5t5ce3 ,= purposes ( ?is section1 a communication does n make a /atem5t 9 a cle> & conspicu\s mann] if x is difficult to read or he> or if ! placem5t is easily ov]look$44 7b7 ,special rules = qualifi$ ,int]net or digital communications 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #cah ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjabj7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 7e7 ,special rules = qualifi$ int]net or digital communications 7#a7 ,special rules ) respect to /atem5ts ,9 ! case ( any qualifi$ int]net or digital communication 7z def9$ 9 section #cjd7;f77#c77;,d77 :i* is dissem9at$ ?r\gh a m$ium 9 :i* ! provision ( all ( ! in=mation specifi$ 9 ?is section is n possible1 ! communication %all1 9 a cle> & conspicu\s mann]-- 7,a7 /ate ! "n ( ! p]son :o paid = ! communication2 & 7,b7 provide a means = ! recipi5t ( ! communication to obta9 ! rema9d] ( ! in=mation requir$ "u ?is section ) m9imal ef=t & )\t receiv+ or view+ any additional mat]ial o!r ?an su* requir$ in=mation4 7#b7 ,safe h>bor = det]m9+ cle> & conspicu\s mann] ,a /atem5t 9 qualifi$ int]net or digital communication 7z def9$ 9 section #cjd7;f77#c77;,d77 %all be consid]$ to be made 9 a cle> & conspicu\s mann] z provid$ 9 subsection 7a7 if ! communication meets ! foll[+ requirem5ts3 7,a7 ,text or graphic communications ,9 ! case ( a text or graphic communication1 ! /atem5t-- 7i7 appe>s 9 lett]s at lea/ z l>ge z ! majority ( ! text 9 ! communication2 & 7ii7 meets ! requirem5ts ( p>agraphs 7#b7 & 7#c7 ( subsection 7c74 7,b7 ,audio communications ,9 ! case ( an audio communication1 ! /atem5t is spok5 9 a cle>ly audible & intelligible mann] at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! communication & la/s at lea/ #c seconds4 7,c7 ,video communications ,9 ! case ( a video communication :i* also includes audio1 ! /atem5t-- 7i7 is includ$ at ei!r ! beg9n+ or ! end ( ! communication2 & 7ii7 is made bo? 9-- 7,i7 a writt5 =mat t meets ! requirem5ts ( subp>agraph 7,a7 & appe>s = at lea/ #d seconds2 & 7,,ii7 an audible =mat t meets ! requirem5ts ( subp>agraph 7,b74 7,d7 ,o!r communications ,9 ! case ( any o!r type ( communication1 ! /atem5t is at lea/ z cle> & conspicu\s z ! /atem5t specifi$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 7,b71 or 7,c74 4 7#b7 ,nonapplication ( c]ta9 exceptions ,! exceptions provid$ 9 section #aaj4aa7;f77#a77;i7 & 7ii7 ( title #aa1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 or any successor to su* rules1 %all h no application to qualifi$ int]net or digital communications 7z def9$ 9 section #cjd7;f77#c77;,d7 ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga74 7c7 ,modification ( additional requirem5ts = c]ta9 communications ,section #cah7;d7 ( su* ,act 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjabj7;d77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#a77;,a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ :i* is transmitt$ ?r\gh radio & ins]t+ :i* is 9 an audio =mat2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ ,by radio 9 ! head+ & ins]t+ ,audio =mat2 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#a77;,b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ :i* is transmitt$ ?r\gh television & ins]t+ :i* is 9 video =mat2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ ,by television 9 ! head+ & ins]t+ ,video =mat2 & 7#c7 9 p>agraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ transmitt$ ?r\gh radio or television & ins]t+ made 9 audio or video =mat2 & 7,b7 by /rik+ ?r\gh television 9 ! second s5t5ce & ins]t+ 9 video =mat4 7d7 ,effective date ,! am5dm5t made by subsection 7a7 %all take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & %all take effect )\t reg>d to :e!r or n ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission has promulgat$ regulations to c>ry out su* am5dm5ts4 #h4 ,political record requirem5ts = onl9e plat=ms 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #cjd ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjajd7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 7j7 ,disclosure ( c]ta9 onl9e adv]tisem5ts 7#a7 ,9 g5]al 7,a7 ,requirem5ts = onl9e plat=ms 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,an onl9e plat=m %all ma9ta91 & make available = onl9e public inspection 9 ma*9e-readable =mat1 a complete record ( any reque/ to pur*ase on su* onl9e plat=m a qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t :i* is made by a p]son ^: aggregate reque/s to pur*ase qualifi$ political adv]tisem5ts on su* onl9e plat=m dur+ ! cal5d> ye> exce$s #ejj4 7ii7 ,requirem5t relat+ to political ads sold by ?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dors ,an onl9e plat=m t displays a qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t sold by a ?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dor z def9$ 9 7#c77;,c71 %all include on its own plat=m an easily accessible & id5tifiable l9k to ! records ma9ta9$ by ! ?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dor "u clause 7i7 reg>d+ su* qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t4 7,b7 ,requirem5ts = adv]tis]s ,any p]son :o reque/s to pur*ase a qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t on an onl9e plat=m %all provide ! onl9e plat=m ) su* in=mation z is necess>y = ! onl9e plat=m to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( subp>agraph 7,a74 7#b7 ,cont5ts ( record ,a record ma9ta9$ "u p>agraph 7#a77;,a7 %all conta9-- 7,a7 a digital copy ( ! qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t2 7,b7 a description ( ! audi5ce t>get$ by ! adv]tisem5t1 ! numb] ( views g5]at$ f ! adv]tisem5t1 & ! date & "t t ! adv]tisem5t is fir/ display$ & la/ display$2 & 7,c7 in=mation reg>d+-- 7i7 ! total co/ ( ! adv]tisem5t2 7ii7 ! "n ( ! c&idate to :i* ! adv]tisem5t ref]s & ! (fice to :i* ! c&idate is seek+ election1 ! election to :i* ! adv]tisem5t ref]s1 or ! national legislative issue to :i* ! adv]tisem5t ref]s 7z applicable72 7iii7 9 ! case ( a reque/ made by1 or on behalf (1 a c&idate1 ! "n ( ! c&idate1 ! au?oriz$ committee ( ! c&idate1 & ! treasur] ( su* committee2 & 7iv7 9 ! case ( any reque/ n describ$ 9 clause 7iii71 ! "n ( ! p]son pur*as+ ! adv]tisem5t1 ! "n & address ( a contact p]son = su* p]son1 & a li/ ( ! *ief executive (fic]s or memb]s ( ! executive committee or ( ! bo>d ( directors ( su* p]son4 7#c7 ,onl9e plat=m 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,= purposes ( ?is subsection1 subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 ! t]m onl9e plat=m means any public-fac+ website1 web application1 or digital application 7includ+ a social network1 ad network1 or se>* eng9e7 :i*-- 7i7 7,i7 sells qualifi$ political adv]tisem5ts2 & 7,,ii7 has #ej1jjj1jjj or m unique mon?ly ,unit$ ,/ates visitors or us]s = a majority ( mon?s dur+ ! prec$+ #ab mon?s2 or 7ii7 is a ?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dor t has #ej1jjj1jjj or m unique mon?ly ,unit$ ,/ates visitors 9 ! aggregate on any adv]tisem5t space t x has sold or b\ght = a majority ( mon?s dur+ ! prec$+ #ab mon?s1 z measur$ by an indep5d5t digital rat+s s]vice accr$it$ by ! ,m$ia ,rat+s ,c\ncil 7or its successor74 7,b7 ,exemption ,su* t]m %all n include any onl9e plat=m t is a di/ribution facility ( any broadca/+ /ation or newspap]1 magaz9e1 blog1 publication1 or p]iodical4 7,c7 ,?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dor def9$ ,= purposes ( ?is subsection1 ! t]m ?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dor includes1 b is n limit$ to1 any ?ird-p>ty adv]tis+ v5dor network1 adv]tis+ ag5cy1 adv]tis]1 or ?ird-p>ty adv]tisem5t s]v+ company t buys & sells adv]tisem5t space on behalf ( unaffiliat$ ?ird-p>ty websites1 se>* eng9es1 digital applications1 or social m$ia sites4 7#d7 ,qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t ,= purposes ( ?is subsection1 ! t]m qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t means any adv]tisem5t 7includ+ se>* eng9e m>ket+1 display adv]tisem5ts1 video adv]tisem5ts1 native adv]tisem5ts1 & sponsor%ips7 t-- 7,a7 is made by or on behalf ( a c&idate2 or 7,b7 communicates a message relat+ to any political matt] ( national importance1 includ+-- 7i7 a c&idate2 7ii7 any election to ,f$]al (fice2 or 7iii7 a national legislative issue ( public importance4 7#e7 ,"t to ma9ta9 file ,! in=mation requir$ "u ?is subsection %all be made available z soon z possible & %all be reta9$ by ! onl9e plat=m = a p]iod ( n less ?an #d ye>s4 7#f7 ,special rule ,= purposes ( ?is subsection1 multiple v]sions ( an adv]tisem5t t conta9 no mat]ial diff]5ces 7su* z v]sions t diff] only because !y conta9 a recipi5t's "n1 or diff] only 9 size1 color1 font1 or lay\t7 may be treat$ z a s+le qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t4 7#g7 ,p5alties ,= p5alties = failure by onl9e plat=ms1 & p]sons reque/+ to pur*ase a qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t on onl9e plat=ms1 to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is subsection1 see section #cji4 4 7b7 ,effective date ,! am5dm5ts made by ?is section %all take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act & %all take effect )\t reg>d to :e!r or n ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission has promulgat$ ! f9al regulations necess>y to c>ry out ?is "p & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is "p by ! deadl9e set =? 9 subsection 7c74 7c7 ,rulemak+ ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission %all e/abli% rules-- 7#a7 requir+ common data =mats = ! record requir$ to be ma9ta9$ "u section #cjd7;j7 ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7z add$ by subsection 7a77 s t all onl9e plat=ms submit & ma9ta9 data onl9e 9 a common1 ma*9e-readable & publicly accessible =mat2 & 7#b7 e/abli%+ se>* int]face requirem5ts relat+ to su* record1 includ+ se>*es by c&idate "n1 issue1 pur*as]1 & date4 7d7 ,report+ ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & biannually !reaft]1 ! ,*airman ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission %all submit a report to ,congress on-- 7#a7 matt]s relat+ to compliance ) & ! en=cem5t ( ! requirem5ts ( section #cjd7;j7 ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga1 z add$ by subsection 7a72 7#b7 recomm5dations = any modifications to su* section to assi/ 9 c>ry+ out its purposes2 & 7#c7 id5tify+ ways to br+ transp>5cy & acc\ntability to political adv]tisem5ts di/ribut$ onl9e = free4 #i4 ,prev5t+ contributions1 exp5ditures1 indep5d5t exp5ditures1 & disbursem5ts = electione]+ communications by =eign nationals 9 ! =m ( onl9e adv]tis+ ,section #cai ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjaba7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 7c7 ,responsibilities ( broadca/ /ations1 provid]s ( cable & satellite television1 & onl9e plat=ms 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* television or radio broadca/ /ation1 provid] ( cable or satellite television1 or onl9e plat=m 7z def9$ 9 section #cjd7;j77#c77 %all make reasonable ef=ts to ensure t communications describ$ 9 section #cah7;a7 & made available by su* /ation1 provid]1 or plat=m are n pur*as$ by a =eign national1 directly or indirectly4 7#b7 ,regulations ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is subsection1 ! ,commission %all promulgate regulations on :at con/itutes reasonable ef=ts "u p>agraph 7#a74 4 #aj4 ,requir+ onl9e plat=ms to display notices id5tify+ sponsors ( political adv]tisem5ts & to ensure notices cont9ue to be pres5t :5 adv]tisem5ts are %>$ 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #cjd ( ! ,f$]al ,election ,campaign ,act ( #aiga 7#eb ,u4,s4,c4 #cjajd71 z am5d$ by section #h7;a71 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new subsection3 7k7 ,ensur+ display & %>+ ( sponsor id5tification 9 onl9e political adv]tisem5ts 7#a7 ,requirem5t ,an onl9e plat=m display+ a qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t %all-- 7,a7 display ) ! adv]tisem5t a visible notice id5tify+ ! sponsor ( ! adv]tisem5t 7or1 if x is n practical = ! plat=m to display su* a notice1 a notice t ! adv]tisem5t is sponsor$ by a p]son o!r ?an ! plat=m72 & 7,b7 ensure t ! notice w cont9ue to be display$ if a view] ( ! adv]tisem5t %>es ! adv]tisem5t ) o!rs on t plat=m4 7#b7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection-- 7,a7 ! t]m onl9e plat=m has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 subsection 7j77#c72 & 7,b7 ! t]m #8qualifi$ political adv]tisem5t has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 subsection 7j77#d74 4 7b7 ,effective date ,! am5dm5t made by ?is section %all take effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act )\t reg>d to :e!r or n ! ,f$]al ,election ,commission has promulgat$ regulations to c>ry out su* am5dm5t4