,i  #aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #idfj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #g1 #bjbb,mr4
 ,s*iff 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,c>son1 ,mr4   
,case1 ,mr4 ,himes1 ,mr4 ,keat+1 ,mr4   
,kri%namoor?i1 ,mr4 ,mal9[ski1 ,ms4     
,norton1 & ,mr4 ,quigley7 introduc$ !   
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ! ,judici>y1 & 9 addition 
to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 = a 
p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by !    
,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su*
 provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( !
 committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to      
crim9alize transnational repression1 & =
 o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is    
,act may be cit$ z ! ,/op ,transnational
 ,repression ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress
 f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,transnational     
repression is n curr5tly codifi$ or     
def9$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates law4  7#b7 ,!     
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation def9es   
transnational repression z =eign        
gov]nm5t transgression ( national bord]s
 ?r\gh physical & digital means to      

intimidate1 sil5ce1 co]ce1 h>ass1 or h>m
 memb]s ( diaspora & exile communities4 
,transnational repression is (t5 us$ to 
sil5ce individuals :o oppose or are     
critical ( a gov]nm5t1 includ+          
j\rnali/s1 human rights def5d]s1        
religi\s or e?nic m9ority gr\ps1 &      
political oppon5ts4 ,me?ods (           
transnational repression are kn[n to    
include physical & digital /alk+1       
h>assm5t1 comput] hack+1 crim9al ?reats1
 assaults1 attempt$ kidnapp+s1 co]c$    
repatriation1 & deta9+ family memb]s 9 !
 home c\ntry4  7#c7 ,transnational      
repression is n limit$ to physical acts 
( intimidation & h>assm5t4 ,accord+ to  
,citiz5 ,lab1 digital transnational     
repression tools are us$ to facilitate  
gov]nm5t rea* beyond bord]s to ga9      
access to social m$ia & email acc\nts1  
includ+ ?r\gh phi%+ attacks1 z]o-click  
spyw>e hacks1 social m$ia page tak$[ns1 
,,sim c>d hacks1 & fake invitations to  
conf]5ces4 ,= human rights activi/s &   
dissid5ts1 ?is has a s]i\s impact on _! 

advocacy "w & s5se ( security1 ev5 if !y
 h relocat$ to escape physical          
intimidation4  7#d7 ,on ,febru>y #bc1   
#bjbb1 ! ,national ,security ,division (
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice laun*$ a ,/rategy
 = ,c\nt]+ ,nation-,/ate ,?reats 9 ord] 
to take a compreh5sive1 :ole-(-gov]nm5t 
approa* to address+ ?reats ! ,unit$     
,/ates faces f ho/ile nations1 includ+  
transnational repression4  7#e7 ,?r\gh\t
 #bjbb1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice has *>g$ a
 numb] ( individuals ) /alk+1 h>ass+1 & 
spy+1 :o alleg$ly p]petrat$             
transnational repression to sil5ce      
,unit$ ,/ates resid5ts :o 7 critics ( ! 
,p's ,republic ( ,*9a4  7#f7            
,transnational repression is a gr[+     
problem4 ,z ( ,augu/ #bjbb1 ,fre$om     
,h\se has docum5t$ #gce direct1 physical
 cases ( transnational repression t took
 place betwe5 #bjad & #bjba4  7#g7 ,a   
total ( #he new incid5ts ( transnational
 repression 7 record$ ar\nd ! globe 9   
#bjba4 ,f\r gov]nm5ts1 ,alg]ia1 ,bel>us1
 ,comoros1 & ,nig]ia1 attack$ exiles    

abroad = ! fir/ "t la/ ye>1 br++ ! total
 numb] ( /ates engag$ 9 transnational   
repression to #cf4 ,! numb] ( ho/       
c\ntries1 or c\ntries :]e acts (        
transnational repression took place1    
rose f #gi to #hd1 includ+ ! ,unit$     
,/ates4  #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is !  
s5se ( ,congress t ho/ile nations &     
au?orit>ian regimes h increas+ly &      
aggressively t>get$ individuals 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ag5ts ( ^! gov]nm5ts h  
act$ outside diplomatic *annels to      
?reat51 intimidate1 h>ass1 surveil1     
/alk1 sil5ce1 & ev5 plot to physically  
h>m or kidnap p]sons )9 ,u4,s4 bord]s4  
,al?\gh transnational repression (t5    
involves actions t are already prohibit$
 by ,u4,s4 law1 _! =eign gov]nm5t back+ 
r5d] ^! activities m egregi\s ?an !     
und]ly+ acts ( intimidation or h>assm5t 
alone4 ,!re=e1 x is necess>y to =mally  
def9e & crim9alize transnational        
repression 9 ,f$]al law1 & m actively   
track & report on in/ances transnational
 repression 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #d4     

,crim9aliz+ transnational repression    
7a7 ,(f5se ,*apt] #de ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #iga4 ,transnational  
repression  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,:oev] kn[+ly  
commits an act ( transnational          
repression %all be f9$ "u ?is title &   
imprison$ n m ?an #aj ye>s4  7b7        
,attempt or conspiracy ,:oev] attempts  
or conspires to commit an (f5se "u ?is  
section %all be subject to ! same       
p5alties z ^? prescrib$ = ! (f5se1 !    
commission ( :i* 0 ! object ( ! attempt 
or conspiracy4  7c7 ,extrat]ritorial    
,jurisdiction ,!re is extrat]ritorial   
,f$]al jurisdiction ov] an (f5se "u ?is 
section4  7d7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is        
section3 7#a7 ,ag5t ( a =eign p[] ,! t]m
 ag5t ( a =eign p[] means an individual 
:o op]ates subject to ! direction or    
control ( a =eign gov]nm5t or (ficial4  
7#b7 ,extrajudicial kill+ ,! t]m        
extrajudicial kill+ means an act ) !    
int5tion to or 9 ! k t su* act w end !  
life ( ano!r p]son1 :5 t act is n       

incid5t to lawful sanction1 public      
necessity1 self-def5se or ! def5se (    
o!rs1 or ! law ( arm$ conflict4  7#c7   
,proxy ,! t]m proxy means an individual 
act+ on behalf ( an ag5t ( a =eign p[]4 
7#d7 ,transnational repression ,! t]m   
transnational repression means any      
activity by a =eign gov]nm5t1 or an ag5t
 ( a =eign p[] or a proxy !re(1 t meets 
ea* ( ! foll[+ crit]ia3 7,a7 ,! activity
 involves-- 7i7 any ef=t int5d$ to      
intimidate or co]ce1 includ+ by =ce or  
fe>1 a p]son to take an action 9 !      
int]e/ ( a =eign gov]nm5t2  7ii7 any    
ef=t int5d$ to intimidate or co]ce1     
includ+ by =ce or fe>1 a p]son to take  
an action to =ebe> f ex]cis+ a "r       
gu>ante$ to ! p]son by ! ,con/itution or
 laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7iii7 enabl+  
an ef=t specifi$ 9 clause 7i7 or 7ii72  
or  7iv7 an extrajudicial kill+4  7,b7  
,! activity is engag$ 9 = ! purpose (   
/ifl+ diss5t aga9/ or o!rwise advanc+ ! 
int]e/s ( a =eign gov]nm5t4  7,c7 ,!    
activity-- 7i7 occurs1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 9

 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  7ii7 is committ$  
aga9/-- 7,i7 a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son2     
7,,ii7 a p]son 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or    
7,,iii7 a p]son n specifi$ 9 subclause  
7,i7 or 7,,ii7 if ! activity c\ld       
reasonably be expect$ to result 9 !     
deprivation ( any rights1 privileges1 or
 immunities ( su* p]son secur$ or       
protect$ by ! ,con/itution or laws ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#e7 ,unit$ ,/ates p]son
 ,! t]m ,unit$ ,/ates p]son has ! mean+ 
giv5 su* t]m 9 section #aje;,a7c7 ( !   
,national ,security ,act ( #aidg4  4    
7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( sections
 = *apt] #de ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !      
foll[+3  #iga4 ,transnational           
repression4  4  #e4 ,c5tralization (    
ov]sight ( transnational repression     
prosecutions & inve/igations  7a7       
,national ,security ,division ,!        
,attorney ,g5]al %all c5tralize ov]sight
 ( transnational repression prosecutions
 9 ! ,national ,security ,division ( !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 or any successor   

organization4  7b7 ,c\nt]9tellig5ce     
,division ,! ,attorney ,g5]al1 act+     
?r\gh ! ,director ( ! ,f$]al ,bureau (  
,inve/igation1 %all c5tralize ov]sight (
 transnational repression inve/igations 
9 ! ,c\nt]9tellig5ce ,division ( !      
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation1 or any  
successor organization4  7c7            
,coord9ation ,9 c>ry+ out ov]sight "u   
?is section-- 7#a7 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney
 ,g5]al = ! ,national ,security         
,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice may   
coord9ate ) o!r divisions ( ! ,dep>tm5t 
( ,ju/ice1 z appropriate2 &  7#b7 ! head
 ( ! ,c\nt]9tellig5ce ,division ( !     
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation may      
coord9ate ) o!r divisions ( ! ,f$]al    
,bureau ( ,inve/igation1 z appropriate4 
#f4 ,report+ on transnational repression
  7a7 ,reports ,n lat] ?an #ahj days    
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 &    
annually !reaft]1 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney 
,g5]al = ! ,national ,security ,division
 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice & ! ,director (
 ! ,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation1 9    

consultation ) ! ,director ( ,national  
,intellig5ce & ! head ( any o!r dep>tm5t
 or ag5cy ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al &
 ,director ( ! ,f$]al ,bureau (         
,inve/igation det]m9es appropriate1 %all
 submit to ! appropriate congressional  
committees a jo9t report on incid5ts (  
transnational repression aga9/ or       
o!rwise impact+ a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son4  
,ea* report %all conta9 ! foll[+3 7#a7  
,an ov]view ( transnational repression 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or aga9/ ,unit$ ,/ates 
p]sons outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1       
includ+ ! gov]nm5ts t p]petrate         
transnational repression & ! tactics t  
!y use4  7#b7 ,a description ( any      
activities t ! ,assi/ant ,attorney      
,g5]al ( ! ,national ,security ,division
 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice or ! ,director 
( ! ,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation      
det]m9es to be sub/antially simil> to   
transnational repression t d n fall )9 !
 def9ition ( transnational repression4  
7#c7 ,a description ( ef=ts dur+ !      
previ\s cal5d> ye> to disrupt           

transnational repression ?r\gh          
inve/igation & crim9al prosecution4     
7#d7 ,a description ( ef=ts dur+ !      
previ\s cal5d> ye> by any ag5cy ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to disrupt      
transnational repression ?r\gh means o!r
 ?an inve/igation & crim9al prosecution1
 includ+ ?r\gh diplomatic means4  7b7   
,=m ,ea* report submitt$ "u subsection  
7a7 %all be submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 b
 may include a classifi$ annex4  #g4    
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7           
,appropriate congressional committees ,!
 t]m appropriate congressional          
committees means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on 
! ,judici>y1 ! ,committee on ,=eign     
,affairs1 & ! ,p]man5t ,select          
,committee on ,intellig5ce ( ! ,h\se (  
,repres5tatives2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on
 ! ,judici>y1 ! ,committee on ,=eign    
,relations1 & ! ,select ,committee on   
,intellig5ce ( ! ,s5ate4  7#b7          
,transnational repression ,! t]m        
transnational repression has ! mean+    
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #iga ( title #ah1  

,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z add$ by section  
#d4