,i #aag? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #hhcc ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,septemb] #ae1 #bjbb ,ms4 ,wat]s introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,f9ancial ,s]vices ,a ,,bill ,to am5d ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg to improve ! assessm5t process = f9ancial in/itutions "u t ,act1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,mak+ ,communities ,/rong] ?r\gh ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+ ,! ,congress f9ds t ,s5ator ,william ,proxmire1 :o au?or$ ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg legislation1 te/ifi$ :5 discuss+ its purpose3 ,by r$l9+ 4 4 4 ,i am talk+ ab\t ! fact t banks & sav+s & loans w take _! deposits f a community & in/ead ( re9ve/+ !m 9 t community1 !y w actually or figuratively draw a r$ l9e on a map ar\nd ! areas ( _! city1 sometimes 9 ! inn] city1 sometimes 9 ! old] neighborhoods1 sometimes e?nic & sometimes black1 b (t5 encompass+ a great area ( _! neighborhood44 #c4 ,assessm5t ( community s]vice 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #hjd ( ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #bijc7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7e7 ,assessm5t ( community s]vice 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 assess+ & tak+ into acc\nt1 "u subsection 7a71 any community s]vice or *>ity "w p]=m$ by ! executives1 bo>d memb]s1 & employees ( a f9ancial in/itution1 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy may n give any cr$it = su* s]vice or "w unless-- 7,a7 ! executives1 bo>d memb]s1 & employees p]=m+ su* s]vice or "w 7 act+ z repres5tatives ( ! f9ancial in/itution at ! "t ! s]vice or "w 7 p]=m$2 7,b7 ) respect to a f9ancial in/itution ) total consolidat$ assets ( at lea/ #b1jjj1jjj1jjj1 ! f9ancial in/itution-- 7i7 collects & ma9ta9s relevant in=mation ) respect to ! community s]vice & *>ity "w ( ! f9ancial in/itution1 9 a =mat prescrib$ by ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy2 & 7ii7 reports su* in=mation on an annual basis to ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy2 & 7,c7 ! f9ancial in/itution demon/rates ! impact ( ! community s]vice or *>ity "w on l[- & mod]ate-income neighborhoods1 includ+ :e!r ! community s]vice or *>ity "w-- 7i7 s]ves p]si/5t pov]ty c\nties2 7ii7 s]ves geographic areas ) l[ levels ( community developm5t f9anc+2 7iii7 supports a m9ority depository in/itution1 wom5's depository in/itution1 l[-income cr$it union1 or a community developm5t f9ancial in/itution c]tifi$ by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury2 7iv7 s]ves l[-income individuals & families2 7v7 supports small bus9esses or small f>ms ) gross annual rev5ues ( #bej1jjj or less2 7vi7 directly facilitates ! acquisition1 con/ruction1 developm5t1 pres]vation1 or improvem5t ( af=dable h\s+ 9 high opportunity areas2 7vii7 b5efits ,native communities1 su* z-- 7,i7 revitalization activities 9 ,native ,l& ,areas2 7,,ii7 ess5tial community facilities 9 ,native ,l& ,areas2 7,,iii7 ess5tial community infra/ructure 9 ,native ,l& ,areas2 & 7,,iv7 disa/] prep>$ness & climate resili5cy activities 9 ,native ,l& ,areas2 7viii7 reflects a high degree ( engagem5t ) community p>tn]s1 & are highly responsive to ! ne$s ( l[-income communities2 7ix7 result 9 a new community developm5t f9anc+ product or s]vice t addresses community developm5t ne$s = l[- or mod]ate-income individuals & families2 or 7x7 s]ves limit$ ,engli% pr(ici5t communities4 7#b7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection3 7,a7 ,community developm5t f9ancial in/itution ,! t]m community developm5t f9ancial in/itution has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m "u section #ajc ( ! ,riegle ,community ,developm5t & ,regulatory ,improvem5t ,act ( #aiid 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #dgjb74 7,b7 ,high opportunity area ,! t]m high opportunity area means an area-- 7i7 designat$ by-- 7,i7 ! ,secret>y ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,developm5t z a ,difficult ,developm5t ,area2 or 7,,ii7 a ,/ate or local qualifi$ allocation plan z a high opportunity area2 & 7ii7 ) a pov]ty rate bel[-- 7,i7 #aj p]c5t1 ) respect to a metropolitan area2 or 7,,ii7 #ae p]c5t1 ) respect to an area t is n a metropolitan area4 7,c7 ,native ,l& ,area ,! t]m ,native ,l& ,area means-- 7i7 all l& )9 ! limits ( any ,indian res]vation "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 z describ$ 9 section #aaea7;a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 7ii7 all dep5d5t ,indian communities )9 ! bord]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates :e!r )9 ! orig9al or subsequ5tly acquir$ t]ritory !re(1 & :e!r )9 or )\t ! limits ( a ,/ate1 z describ$ 9 section #aaea7;b7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 7iii7 all ,indian allotm5ts1 ! ,indian titles to :i* h n be5 ext+ui%$1 includ+ rights-(-way runn+ ?r\gh ! same1 z def9$ 9 section #aaea7;c7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 7iv7 any l& held 9 tru/ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ,native ,am]icans1 z describ$ 9 section #cgfe7a77;,a7 ( title #ch1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2 7v7 res]vations e/abli%$ by a ,/ate gov]nm5t = a ,tribe or ,tribes recogniz$ by ! ,/ate2 7vi7 any ,alaska ,native village z def9$ 9 section #c ( ! ,alaska ,native ,claims ,settlem5t ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #afjb72 7vii7 l&s t h ! /atus ( ,hawaiian ,home ,l&s z def9$ 9 section #bjd ( ! ,hawaiian ,homes ,commission ,act1 #aibj 7#db ,/at4 #ajh72 7viii7 areas def9$ by ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus z ,alaska ,native ,village ,/ati/ical ,areas1 ,oklahoma ,tribal ,/ati/ical ,areas1 ,tribal-,designat$ ,/ati/ical ,areas1 or ,am]ican ,indian ,jo9t-,use ,areas2 & 7ix7 l& areas ( ,/ate-recogniz$ ,indian tribes & h]itage gr\ps t are def9$ & recogniz$ by individual ,/ates & includ$ 9 ! annual ,b\nd>y & ,annexation ,survey ( ! ,bureau ( ! ,c5sus4 7,d7 ,p]si/5t pov]ty c\nty ,t]m p]si/5t pov]ty c\nty means a c\nty t has _h pov]ty rates ( #bj p]c5t or m = ! pa/ #cj ye>s1 z measur$ by ! mo/ rec5t dec5nial c5suses4 4 7b7 ,effective date ,section #hjd7;e7 ( ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg1 z add$ by subsection 7a71 %all take effect aft] ! end ( ! #ij-;day p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 #d4 ,treatm5t ( illegal & discrim9atory activity ,section #hjd ( ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #bijc71 z am5d$ by section #c1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7f7 ,treatm5t ( illegal or discrim9atory activity 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 assess+ & tak+ into acc\nt1 "u subsection 7a71 ! record ( a f9ancial in/itution1 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy %all give negative cr$it = any activity ( ! f9ancial in/itution1 a subsidi>y ( ! f9ancial in/itution1 or an entity p>tn]+ ) ! f9ancial in/itution or subsidi>y t includes evid5ce ( an illegal or discrim9atory practice1 includ+-- 7,a7 activity t h>ms1 includ+ by displac+1 resid5ts ( l[- & mod]ate-income neighborhoods2 7,b7 any violation ( ,f$]al law1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! violation is cr$it-relat$ or n1 includ+ any violation ( section #ihg7;b7 ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code 7commonly ref]r$ to z ! ,milit>y ,l5d+ ,act71 ! ,s]vicememb]s ,civil ,relief ,act1 or prohibitions aga9/ unfair1 deceptive1 or abusive acts or practices2 7,c7 any violation ( ,/ate law2 & 7,d7 any evid5ce ( discrim9atory practices obta9$ by-- 7i7 ! ,bureau ( ,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection z a "p ( ! ,bureau's regul> sup]vision ( ! f9ancial in/itution1 subsidi>y1 or entity2 & 7ii7 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,developm5t4 7#b7 ,consid]ations ,9 det]m9+ ! treatm5t ( any illegal or discrim9atory activity describ$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy %all consid]-- 7,a7 ! root cause ( ! activity2 7,b7 ! sev]ity ( ! h>m to individuals & communities z a result ( ! activity2 7,c7 ! duration ( "t ( ! activity2 & 7,d7 ! p]vasiv5ess ( ! activity4 7#c7 ,treatm5t on te/s & ov]all assessm5t ,if1 9 p]=m+ an assessm5t ( a f9ancial in/itution "u subsection 7a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy uses sep>ate te/s or o!r evaluations z "p ( ! calculation ( ! ov]all assessm5t1 ! ag5cy %all give negative cr$it on bo? ! ov]all assessm5t & any applicable te/ or evaluation4 4 #e4 ,community ,advisory ,committees ,section #hjd ( ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #bijc71 z am5d$ by section #d1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7g7 ,community ,advisory ,committees 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* f9ancial in/itution %all =m a sep>ate ,community ,advisory ,committee 7:i* %all be compos$ ( a div]se set ( consum]1 h\s+1 community developm5t1 & o!r /akehold] gr\ps repres5t+ ! applicable metropolitan /ati/ical area7 9 ea* ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,) respect to a f9ancial in/itution ) consolidat$ assets equal to or great] ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj1 ea* metropolitan /ati/ical area :]e ! f9ancial in/itution or any subsidi>ies ( ! f9ancial in/itution h a bran* or o!r facility 7includ+ an automat$ tell] ma*9e7 & ea* metropolitan /ati/ical area :]e ! f9ancial in/itution has a sub/antial numb] ( cu/om]s :o ma9ta9 deposit acc\nts ) ! f9ancial in/itution4 7,b7 ,) respect to a f9ancial in/itution ) consolidat$ assets ( less ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj1 ea* ,/ate :]e ! f9ancial in/itution or any subsidi>ies ( ! f9ancial in/itution are locat$4 7#b7 ,qu>t]ly consultation ,! executives ( a f9ancial in/itution %all meet ) all ! f9ancial in/itution's ,community ,advisory ,committees on a qu>t]ly basis-- 7,a7 to discuss ! f9ancial in/itution's curr5t "w to meet ! cr$it & deposit ne$s ( l[- & mod]ate-income individuals & und]s]v$ communities1 p]sons ) disabilities1 ,,lgbtq communities1 & ,*9ese1 ,asian ,indian1 ,filip9o1 ,japanese1 ,korean1 ,vietnamese1 ,paki/ani1 ,cambodian1 ,hmong1 ,laotian1 ,?ai1 ,taiwanese1 ,burmese1 ,banglade%i1 ,nepalese1 ,indonesian1 ,malaysian1 ,hispanic or ,lat9o1 ,black or ,african ,am]ican1 ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native1 ,native ,hawaiian1 ,samoan1 ,*amorro1 ,tongan1 i,taukei1 ,m>%allese1 & ,o!r ,pacific ,isl&] communities1 z applicable to ! f9ancial in/itution's geographic areas2 7,b7 ) respect to a f9ancial in/itution ) consolidat$ assets equal to or great] ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj1 to assi/ ! executives 9 develop+ & updat+ a plan = h[ ! in/itution w "w to meet ! cr$it ne$s ( ! in/itution's entire community1 includ+ l[- & mod]ate-income neighborhoods2 & 7,c7 to discuss ! in/itution's data 7:i* %all be disaggregat$ by ,*9ese1 ,asian ,indian1 ,filip9o1 ,japanese1 ,korean1 ,vietnamese1 ,paki/ani1 ,cambodian1 ,hmong1 ,laotian1 ,?ai1 ,taiwanese1 ,burmese1 ,banglade%i1 ,nepalese1 ,indonesian1 ,malaysian1 ,hispanic or ,lat9o1 ,black or ,african ,am]ican1 ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian1 ,samoan1 ,*amorro1 ,tongan1 i,taukei1 ,m>%allese & ,o!r ,pacific ,isl&] communities1 z applicable to ! f9ancial in/itution's geographic areas7 on-- 7i7 mortgage l5d+ & l5d+ to small bus9esses & small f>ms2 7ii7 retail products & s]vices2 7iii7 community developm5t s]vices2 & 7iv7 community developm5t f9anc+4 7#c7 ,specific consultations ,9 addition to ! qu>t]ly consultations requir$ "u p>agraph 7#b71 ! executives ( a f9ancial in/itution ) consolidat$ assets ( m ?an #b1jjj1jjj1jjj %all meet ) ! ,community ,advisory ,committee be=e-- 7,a7 ! f9ancial in/itution applies = a m]g] or acquisition2 7,b7 ! f9ancial in/itution1 or any subsidi>y ( ! f9ancial in/itution1 applies = deposit insurance2 7,c7 ! f9ancial in/itution applies to op5 a new bran* or to relocate an exi/+ bran*2 or 7,d7 ! f9ancial in/itution provides notice t x w\ld close a bran* or o!r facility4 4 #f4 ,consid]ation ( l5d+ 9 p>tn]%ip ) non-depository l5d]s ,section #hjd ( ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #bijc71 z am5d$ by section #e1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7h7 ,consid]ation ( l5d+ 9 p>tn]%ip ) non-,depository l5d]s 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,z "p ( assess+ a f9ancial in/itution "u subsection 7a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy %all evaluate ! f9ancial in/itution's p]=mance 9 orig9at+ small f>m loans1 consum] loans 7includ+ resid5tial mortgages1 unsecur$ in/allm5t loans1 advances1 & l9es ( cr$it71 & loans = small bus9esses 7includ+ unsecur$ in/allm5t loans1 advances1 & l9es ( cr$it7 9 p>tn]%ip ) "o or m non-depository l5d]s4 7#b7 ,af=dability & su/a9ability ,9 mak+ ! evaluation describ$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy %all consid] ! af=dability & su/a9ability ( ! loan orig9ations made 9 p>tn]%ip ) "o or m non-depository l5d]s4 7#c7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is subsection3 7,a7 ,non-depository l5d] ,! t]m non-depository l5d] means a l5d] t is n an insur$ depository in/itution 7z def9$ 9 section #c ( ! ,f$]al ,deposit ,insurance ,act 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #ahac774 7,b7 ,small bus9ess ,! t]m small bus9ess means a small bus9ess conc]n 7z def9$ "u section #c ( ! ,small ,bus9ess ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #fcb771 except su* t]m %all n include any small bus9ess conc]n ) gross annual rev5ue ( great] ?an #e1jjj1jjj = ! prec$+ fiscal ye>4 7,c7 ,small f>m loan ,! t]m small f>m loan means a loan-- 7i7 orig9at$ 9 an am\nt ( #ejj1jjj or less2 & 7ii7 t is report$ z a-- 7,i7 loan to f9ance agricultural production & o!r loan to f>m]s2 or 7,,ii7 loan secur$ by f>ml&4 4 #g4 ,consid]ation ( small home mortgage l5d+ ,section #hjd ( ! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #bijc71 z am5d$ by section #f1 is fur!r am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7i7 ,consid]ation ( small home mortgage l5d+ 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,z "p ( assess+ a f9ancial in/itution "u subsection 7a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy %all evaluate ! f9ancial in/itution's p]=mance 9 facilitat+ home mortgage l5d+ t>get$ to l[- & mod]ate-income borr[]s 9 a safe & s\nd mann]1 includ+-- 7,a7 small-doll>1 fir/-li5 mortgages ( #ajj1jjj or less 9 value t facilitate a home pur*ase or help a borr[] to ref9ance an exi/+ mortgage2 & 7,b7 mortgages ( any size orig9at$ 9 coop]ation ) a m9ority depository in/itution1 wom5's depository in/itution1 l[-income cr$it union1 or a community developm5t f9ancial in/itution c]tifi$ by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury 7z def9$ "u section #ajc ( ! ,riegle ,community ,developm5t & ,regulatory ,improvem5t ,act ( #aiid74 7#b7 ,data collection & report+ by l>ge f9ancial in/itutions 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea* l>ge f9ancial in/itution %all collect1 ma9ta91 & report to ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy-- 7i7 mortgage loan data ne$$ to calculate retail l5d+ volume & di/ribution metrics2 7ii7 in=mation relat$ to demographics ( borr[]s1 includ+ ! income1 g5d] id5tity1 sexual ori5tation1 race1 & e?nicity ( mortgage applicants2 7iii7 ! numb] ( mortgage loans orig9at$ ) a value ( #ajj1jjj or less1 z well z ! demographics ( borr[]s1 includ+ income1 g5d]1 race1 & e?nicity2 & 7iv7 if ! f9ancial in/itution has a special purpose cr$it program t focuses on borr[]s f ,hispanic or ,lat9o1 ,black or ,african ,am]ican1 ,*9ese1 ,asian ,indian1 ,filip9o1 ,japanese1 ,korean1 ,vietnamese1 ,paki/ani1 ,cambodian1 ,hmong1 ,laotian1 ,?ai1 ,taiwanese1 ,burmese1 ,banglade%i1 ,nepalese1 ,indonesian1 ,malaysian1 ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native1 ,native ,hawaiian1 ,samoan1 ,*amorro1 ,tongan1 i,taukei1 ,m>%allese1 & ,o!r ,pacific ,isl&] communities1 all mortgage loans orig9at$ by ! f9ancial in/itution "u su* program t are made = ! purpose ( a home pur*ase or to ref9ance a mortgage loan made = ! purpose ( a home pur*ase4 7,b7 ,template ,! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cies %all1 jo9tly1 issue rules to e/abli% a template t l>ge f9ancial in/itutions %all use to collect in=mation requir$ to be collect$ "u ?is p>agraph4 7#c7 ,additional consid]ation ( small doll> mortgages by small & int]m$iate f9ancial in/itutions 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,z "p ( assess+ a small or int]m$iate f9ancial in/itution "u subsection 7a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy %all1 at ! reque/ ( ! f9ancial in/itution1 provide additional consid]ation ( any mortgages ext5d$ by ! f9ancial in/itution t are small-doll> mortgages ( #ajj1jjj or less 9 value t facilitate a home pur*ase or help a borr[] to ref9ance an exi/+ mortgage4 7,b7 ,rat+ adju/m5t ,if ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy plann$ to assign a rat+ "u section #hjg7;b77#b7 to a small or int]m$iate f9ancial in/itution ( ,satisfactory record ( meet+ community cr$it ne$s1 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy may1 aft] ! additional consid]ation describ$ "u subp>agraph 7,a71 *ange su* rat+ to ,out/&+ record ( meet+ community cr$it ne$s1 if ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cy det]m9es su* *ange is appropriate4 7#d7 ,def9itions ,! ,bo>d ( ,gov]nors ( ! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,sy/em1 ! ,comptroll] ( ! ,curr5cy1 & ! ,f$]al ,deposit ,insurance ,corporation %all1 jo9tly1 def9e ! t]ms l>ge f9ancial in/itution & small or int]m$iate f9ancial in/itution = purposes ( ?is subsection4 4 #h4 ,/udy on discrim9ation & disp>ities 9 access to cr$it ,! ,community ,re9ve/m5t ,act ( #aigg 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #bija et seq47 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #haj4 ,/udy on discrim9ation & disp>ities 9 access to cr$it 7a7 ,/udy ,n lat] ?an ! end ( ! #b-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section1 & e #b ye>s !reaft]1 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cies %all1 jo9tly1 & 9 consultation ) su* o!r ,f$]al or ,/ate ag5cies z ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cies det]m9e appropriate1 complete an int]ag5cy /ati/ical /udy to id5tify metropolitan areas & rural c\nties t ei!r exp]i5ce ongo+ discrim9ation or exhibit significant racial disp>ities 9 access to cr$it = any racial or e?nic gr\p4 7b7 ,use ( data ,9 c>ry+ out ea* /udy requir$ "u subsection 7a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cies %all make use (-- 7#a7 data obta9$ "u ! ,home ,mortgage ,disclosure ,act ( #aige2 7#b7 data obta9$ "u section #gjd;,b ( ! ,equal ,cr$it ,opportunity ,act2 7#c7 available ,/ate data2 & 7#d7 in=mation conta9$ 9 public litigation aga9/ regulat$ f9ancial in/itutions = r$l9+ or l5d+ discrim9ation 7includ+ litigation initiat$ by ! ,bureau ( ,consum] ,f9ancial ,protection1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,affairs1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 or by private p>ties74 7c7 ,report ,^u ! completion ( ea* /udy requir$ "u subsection 7a71 ! appropriate ,f$]al f9ancial sup]visory ag5cies %all1 jo9tly1 issue a report to ! ,committee on ,f9ancial ,s]vices ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1 & ,urban ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate1 conta9+-- 7#a7 all f9d+s & det]m9ations made 9 c>ry+ out ! /udy2 & 7#b7 policy recomm5dations to rem$y ! discrim9ation & disp>ities id5tifi$ 9 ! /udy4 4