,i  #aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #gece  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,april #ah1 #bjbb,mr4 
,khanna 7= himself1 ,ms4 ,mace1 & ,mr4  
,connolly7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 
0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,ov]sight & 
,re=m  ,a ,,bill  ,to enc\rage !        
migration ( ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t in=mation  
te*nology sy/ems to quantum-resi/ant    
cryptography1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4    
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,quantum ,comput+ ,cyb]security         
,prep>$ness ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s2 s5se (   
,congress  7a7 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress f9ds 
! foll[+3 7#a7 ,cryptography is ess5tial
 = our national security & ! function+ (
 our economy4  7#b7 ,! mo/ widespread   
encryption protocols today rely on      
computational limits ( classical        
comput]s to provide cyb]security4  7#c7 
,quantum comput]s might "o day h !      
ability to pu% computational b\nd>ies1  
all[+ u to solve problems t h be5       
intractable ?us f>1 su* z integ]        
factorization1 :i* is important =       

encryption4  7#d7 ,! rapid progress (   
quantum comput+ sugge/s ! pot5tial =    
adv]s>ies to /eal s5sitive encrypt$ data
 today us+ classical comput]s1 & wait   
until suffici5tly p[]ful quantum sy/ems 
are available to decrypt x4  7b7 ,s5se (
 ,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t-- 
7#a7 a /rategy = ! migration ( in=mation
 te*nology sy/ems ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t  
to po/-quantum cryptography is ne$$2 &  
7#b7 ! ,gov]nm5twide & indu/rywide      
approa* to po/-quantum cryptography %\ld
 prioritize develop+ applications1      
h>dw>e intellectual prop]ty 7,,ip71 &   
s(tw>e t c be easily updat$ to support  
develop+ cryptographic agility4  #c4    
,migration to po/-quantum cryptography  
7a7 ,migration & assessm5t  7#a7        
,migration to po/-quantum cryptography  
,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date on :i* ! 
,director ( ,,ni/ has issu$ po/-quantum 
cryptography /&>ds1 ! ,director ( ,,omb1
 9 consultation ) ! ,*ief ,in=mation    
,(fic]s ,c\ncil1 %all beg9 to prioritize
 ! migration to po/-quantum cryptography

 & assessm5t ( in=mation te*nology      
sy/ems ( executive ag5cies t does n use 
po/-quantum cryptography1 includ+       
digital signatures4  7#b7 ,designation (
 sy/ems = migration ,n lat] ?an #a ye>  
aft] ! date on :i* po/-quantum          
cryptography /&>ds h be5 set by ,,ni/ & 
on an ongo+ basis !reaft]1 ! ,director (
 ,,omb1 9 consultation ) ! ,*ief        
,in=mation ,(fic]s ,c\ncil1 %all        
designate & prioritize = migration to   
po/-quantum cryptography in=mation      
te*nology sy/ems ( executive ag5cies    
bas$ on ! risk ( sy/ems t d n use       
po/-quantum cryptography4  7b7 ,report  
on po/-,quantum cryptography ,n lat] ?an
 #a ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is  
section1 ! ,director ( ,,omb %all submit
 to ,congress a report on ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,a /rategy to address ! risk pos$ by ! 
vuln]abilities ( in=mation te*nology    
sy/ems ( executive ag5cies to weak5$    
encryption due to ! pot5tial & possible 
capability ( a quantum comput] to brea* 
su* encryption4  7#b7 ,! fund+ necess>y 

to secure su* in=mation te*nology sy/ems
 f ! ?reat pos$ by adv]s>ial access to  
quantum comput]s4  7#c7 ,a description &
 analysis ( ongo+ coord9ation ef=ts1    
includ+ any framework & timel9e1 )      
int]national /&>ds developm5t           
organizations & consortia 7su* z !      
,int]national ,organization =           
,/&>dization7 to develop /&>ds =        
po/-quantum cryptography1 includ+ any   
,f$]al ,in=mation ,process+ ,/&>ds      
develop$ "u *apt] #ce ( title #dd1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7c7 ,report on    
migration to po/-,quantum cryptography 9
 in=mation te*nology sy/ems ,n lat] ?an 
#a ye> aft] ! date on :i* ! ,director ( 
,,ni/ has issu$ po/-quantum cryptography
 /&>ds1 & annually !reaft] until ! date 
t is #i ye>s aft] ! date on :i* su*     
/&>ds are issu$1 ! ,director ( ,,omb    
%all submit to ,congress a report on !  
progress ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t 9         
transition+ to po/-quantum cryptography 
/&>ds4  7d7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 
7#a7 ,classical comput] ,! t]m classical

 comput] means a device t accepts       
digital data & manipulates ! in=mation  
bas$ on a program or sequ5ce (          
in/ructions = h[ data is to be process$ 
& encodes in=mation 9 b9>y bits t c ei!r
 be #js or #as4  7#b7 ,director ( ,,ni/ 
,! t]m ,director ( ,,ni/ means !        
,director ( ! ,national ,in/itute =     
,/&>ds & ,te*nology4  7#c7 ,director (  
,,omb ,! t]m ,director ( ,,omb means !  
,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,managem5t &     
,budget4  7#d7 ,executive ag5cy ,! t]m  
executive ag5cy has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m  
,executive ag5cy 9 section #aje ( title 
#e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#e7          
,in=mation te*nology ,! t]m in=mation   
te*nology has ! mean+ giv5 t t]m 9      
section #aaaja ( title #dj1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code4  7#f7 ,po/-quantum        
cryptography ,! t]m po/-quantum         
cryptography means a cryptographic sy/em
 t-- 7,a7 is secure aga9/ decryption    
attempts us+ a quantum comput] or       
classical comput]2 &  7,b7 c int]op]ate 
) exi/+ communications protocols &      

networks4  7#g7 ,quantum comput] ,! t]m 
quantum comput] means a device =        
computation t uses quantum me*anics l   
sup]position & entanglem5t to p]=m      
computational op]ations on data4  7#h7  
,sup]position ,! t]m sup]position ref]s 
to ! ability ( quantum sy/ems to exi/ 9 
two or m /ates simultane\sly4  7#i7     
,entanglem5t ,! t]m entanglem5t is a    
prop]ty :]e two or m quantum objects 9 a
 sy/em c be intr9sically l9k$ su* t !   
measurem5t ( "o dictates ! possible     
measurem5t outcomes = ano!r1 reg>dless (
 h[ f> ap>t ! objects are4