,i  #aagth ,,congress  #b;d ,session    
,h4 ,r4 #gddh  ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of  
,,representatives  ,april #g1 #bjbb,mr4 
,brown of ,maryland 7for himself and    
,mr4 ,wittman7 introduced the following 
bill2 which was referred to the         
,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and     
,technology1 and in addition to the     
,committee on ,armed ,services1 for a   
period to be subsequently determined by 
the ,speaker1 in each case for          
consideration of such provisions as fall
 within the jurisdiction of the         
committee concerned  ,a ,,bill  ,to     
require a study on the resiliency of    
space access infrastructure for national
 security requirements1 and for other   
purposes4  #a4 ,short title ,this ,act  
may be cited as the ,spaceport ,tiering 
for ,access ,resiliency ,act or the     
,,star ,act4  #b4 ,study on space access
 infrastructure for national security   
resiliency  7a7 ,report ,not later than 
one year after the date of the enactment
 of this ,act1 the ,secretary of        

,defense1 in coordination with the      
,secretary of ,transportation1 shall    
submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the resiliency of
 space access infrastructure to meet    
national security requirements4  7b7    
,elements ,the report under subsection  
7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7   
,an identification of the current and   
projected launch requirements for       
national security missions1 including   
with respect to payload1 orbit type1    
orbit longitude1 and orbit inclination4 
7#b7 ,a categorization of each spaceport
 and other launch site by the capability
 of the spaceport and site-- 7,a7 to    
meet the launch requirements of all     
national security missions2  7,b7 to    
meet the launch requirements of a       
portion of national security missions2  
7,c7 with respect to spaceports and     
sites not identified under subparagraph 
7,a71 to meet the launch requirements of
 all national security missions if the  
spaceport received improvements2 and    

7,d7 with respect to spaceports and     
sites not identified under subparagraph 
7,a71 7,b71 or 7,c71 to meet the launch 
requirements of a portion of national   
security missions if the spaceport or   
site received improvements4  7#c7 ,an   
assessment of the operational risks to  
each spaceport and site identified under
 paragraph 7#b74  7#d7 ,an aggregation  
of the operational risks to the         
spaceports and sites identified under   
paragraph 7#b74  7#e7 ,an assessment of 
the vulnerabilities and the overall     
resiliency of space access for national 
security missions4  7#f7 ,a strategy for
 spaceport infrastructure by the        
,federal ,government1 ,state or local   
government1 or the private sector to    
ensure space access resiliency for      
national security missions4  7#g7       
,recommendations for prioritization of  
,federal investment in spaceports to    
mitigate vulnerabilities to space access
 and improve resiliency4  7#h7 ,any     
other information as determined by the  

,secretaries specified in subsection    
7a74  7c7 ,form ,the report under       
subsection 7a7 shall be submitted in an 
unclassified form1 but may include a    
classified annex if necessary4 ,the     
,secretary shall make the unclassified  
portions of such report publicly        
available pursuant to section #abb;a of 
title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code4  7d7  
,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,the
 term appropriate congressional         
committees means the following3 7,a7    
,the congressional defense committees4  
7,b7 ,the ,committee on ,transportation 
and ,infrastructure1 the ,committee on  
,science1 ,space1 and ,technology1 and  
the ,permanent ,select ,committee on    
,intelligence of the ,house of          
,representatives4  7,c7 ,the ,committee 
on ,commerce1 ,science1 and             
,transportation and the ,select         
,committee on ,intelligence of the      
,senate4  7#b7 ,the term congressional  
defense committees has the meaning given
 that term in section #aja7;a77#af7 of  

title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code4  7#c7 
,the term operational risk includes--   
7,a7 a cyber attack2  7,b7 a            
conventional military or terrorist      
attack2  7,c7 an extreme weather event  
that could occur during the fifteen-year
 period beginning on the date of the    
enactment of this ,act2  7,d7 an action 
by an adversary to deny space access1   
including intentional creation of       
orbital debris2  7,e7 a limitation due  
to launch vehicle design constraint2    
7,f7 a disruption to critical           
infrastructure necessary for launch     
activity2 and  7,g7 any other threat to 
space access as determined by the       
,secretaries specified in subsection    
7a74  7#d7 ,the term other launch site  
means a non-governmental launch and     
re-entry site used exclusively by a     
private entity4  7#e7 ,the term         
spaceport has the meaning given such    
term in section #hjaja of title #ea1    
,united ,states ,code1 as added by      
section #c4  #c4 ,establishment of      

spaceport policy and planning  7a7 ,in  
general ,title #ea1 ,united ,states     
,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 by adding at   
the end the following new subtitle3     
,,viii ,spaceports  #hja ,spaceports    
,sec4 #hjaja4 ,definition4 #hjajb4      
,policy4 #hjajc4 ,establishment of      
,office of ,spaceports4 #hjajd4         
,tiering4 #hjaje4 ,national plan for    
spaceports4  #hjaja4 ,definition ,in    
this subtitle1 the term spaceport means 
a launch or reentry site that is-- 7#a7 
operated by an entity licensed by the   
,secretary of ,transportation2 or  7#b7 
owned or operated by the ,secretary of  
,defense4  #hjajb4 ,policy  7a7 ,in     
general ,it is the policy of the ,united
 ,states-- 7#a7 to encourage the        
development of spaceports to serve      
efficiently and effectively private     
sector and ,united ,states ,government  
access to space2  7#b7 that redundant   
and resilient access to space is        
foundational to promoting economic      
development and national security2  7#c7

 that access to space must be           
efficiently and fully integrated with   
the national airspace system2 and  7#d7 
that safety and environmental           
considerations are critical components  
of access to space4  7b7 ,priority      
policy ,it is the policy of the ,united 
,states to give special emphasis to     
developing spaceports capable of        
satisfying national security launch     
requirements4  #hjajd4 ,tiering  7a7 ,in
 general ,the ,secretary of             
,transportation shall establish a       
tiering system for spaceports that      
categorizes their operation for purposes
 of planning1 development1 and          
expenditure of funds4  7b7              
,considerations ,in establishing the    
tiering system for spaceports under     
subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of       
,transportation shall consider the      
following3 7#a7 ,the type of orbit which
 may be reached from the spaceport at   
issue1 including if such spaceport is   
limited to suborbital launches4  7#b7   

,the maximum payload capacity of such   
spaceport4  7#c7 ,the annual launch     
capacity of such spaceport4  7#d7       
,national security requirements4        
#hjaje4 ,national plan for spaceports   
7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of      
,transportation1 in consultation with   
the ,secretary of ,defense1 shall       
develop a plan1 to be known as the      
national plan for spaceports 7in this   
section referred to as the plan71 for   
developing spaceports in the ,united    
,states4  7b7 ,considerations ,the plan 
shall include the types and estimated   
cost of eligible spaceport development  
the ,secretary of ,transportation       
considers necessary to provide redundant
 and resilient access to space necessary
 to carry out the policies specified in 
section #hjajb4  7c7 ,specific          
requirements ,the plan shall include a  
categorization of spaceports pursuant to
 the tiers established under section    
#hjajd4  7d7 ,consultation ,in          
developing the plan1 the ,secretary of  

,transportation shall1 to the extent    
possible and as appropriate1 consult    
with-- 7#a7 departments1 agencies1 and  
instrumentalities of the ,united ,states
 ,government2  7#b7 public agencies2 and
  7#c7 the space community4  7e7        
,availability of domestic military      
spaceport and spaceport facilities ,to  
the extent possible1 the ,secretary of  
,defense shall make domestic military   
spaceports and spaceport facilities     
available for civil use4 ,in consulting 
with the ,secretary of ,transportation  
under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of 
,defense shall indicate the extent to   
which domestic military spaceports and  
spaceport facilities are available for  
civil use4  7f7 ,publication ,the       
,secretary of ,transportation shall     
publish the plan every two years4  2    
7#b7 by-- 7,a7 transferring section     
#eaeja to subtitle ,,viii1 as added by  
paragraph 7#a72  7,b7 inserting such    
section #eaeja after section #hjajb1 as 
so added by such paragraph2 and  7,c7   

redesignating such section #eaeja1 as so
 transferred and inserted1 as section   
#hjajc2 and  7#c7 in such section       
#hjajc1 as so transferred and           
redesignated-- 7,a7 in subsection 7c7-- 
7i7 in the matter preceding paragraph   
7#a71 by striking host2 and  7ii7 in    
paragraph 7#a71 by inserting host before
 launches2 and  7,b7 by striking        
subsection 7e74  7b7 ,clerical          
amendments ,title #ea1 ,united ,states  
,code1 is amended-- 7#a7 in the table of
 subtitles-- 7,a7 by adding at the end  
the following new items3  ,subtitle     
,,viii--,spaceports                     
#hja4,spaceports#hjaja  2  and  7,b7 by 
striking the item relating to chapter   
#eae2 and  7#b7 in subtitle ,v1 by      
striking the heading relating to chapter
 #eae4  #d4 ,study on the establishment 
of a spaceport improvement plan  7a7 ,in
 general ,not later than two years after
 the date of the enactment of this ,act1
 the ,secretary of ,transportation1 in  
coordination with the ,secretary of     

,defense and the ,secretary of          
,commerce1 after providing an           
opportunity for public comment1 shall   
submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees a report on the              
implementation of a spaceport           
improvement program4  7b7 ,elements ,the
 report under subsection 7a7 shall      
include the following3 7#a7 ,an         
assessment of the feasibility of        
establishing a spaceport trust fund for 
the improvement of spaceports4  7#b7    
,recommendations for a fee structure to 
fund such a trust fund4  7#c7           
,recommendations for establishing a     
spaceport improvement program1 including
 a grant program through which to       
distribute funds from such a trust fund4
  7#d7 ,recommendations for the tiers of
 spaceports under section #hjajd of     
title #ea1 ,united ,states ,code1 as    
added by section #c1 to be eligible to  
receive a grant under such spaceport    
improvement program4  7#e7              
,recommendations for the apportionment  

of funds to spaceports1 including       
minimums1 maximums1 and prioritization  
of the distribution of such funds4  7#f7
 ,recommended modifications to the      
national plan for spaceports under      
section #hjaje of title #ea1 ,united    
,states ,code1 as added by section #c1  
to incorporate such spaceport           
improvement program4  7c7 ,form ,the    
report under subsection 7a7 shall be--  
7#a7 submitted in an unclassified form2 
and  7#b7 posted on a publicly available
 website of the ,department of          
,transportation4  7d7 ,definitions ,in  
this section3 7#a7 ,appropriate         
congressional committees ,the term      
appropriate congressional committees    
means the following3 7,a7 ,the          
,committee on ,transportation and       
,infrastructure of the ,house of        
,representatives4  7,b7 ,the ,committee 
on ,commerce1 ,science1 and             
,transportation of the ,senate4  7,c7   
,the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and
 ,technology of the ,house of           

,representatives4  7,d7 ,the            
congressional defense committees4  7#b7 
,congressional defense committees ,the  
term congressional defense committees   
has the meaning given such term in      
section #aja7;a77#af7 of title #aj1     
,united ,states ,code4