,i  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ffi  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(            
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #a1 #bjba,mr4
 ,lieu 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1 ,ms4
 ,cl>ke ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,%]man1 ,ms4 
,p+ree1 ,mr4 ,bey]1 ,mrs4 ,watson       
,coleman1 ,ms4 ,m5g1 ,mr4 ,de,fazio1    
,ms4 ,s*ak[sky1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4      
,rask91 ,mr4 ,l[5?al1 ,mr4 ,ru%1 ,mr4   
,espaillat1 ,mr4 ,pallone1 ,ms4 ,cl>k ( 
,massa*usetts1 ,ms4 ,port]1 ,mr4        
,grijalva1 ,mr4 ,l>son ( ,connecticut1  
,mr4 ,payne1 ,mr4 ,blum5au]1 ,ms4       
,pressley1 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,mr4 ,neguse1    
,mr4 ,wel*1 & ,mrs4 ,napolitano7        
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9   
addition to ! ,committee on ,arm$       
,s]vices1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly   
det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case =      
consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 
! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to re/rict ! fir/-use /rike ( 
nucle> weapons4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is   
,act may be cit$ z ! ,re/rict+ ,fir/    

,use ( ,nucle> ,weapons ,act ( #bjba4   
#b4 ,f9d+s & decl>ation ( policy  7a7   
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! 
,con/itution gives ,congress ! sole p[] 
to decl>e w>4  7#b7 ,! fram]s ( !       
,con/itution und]/ood t ! monum5tal     
decision to g to w>1 :i* c result 9     
massive dea? & ! de/ruction ( civiliz$  
society1 mu/ be made by ! repres5tatives
 ( ! p & n by a s+le p]son4  7#c7 ,z    
/at$ by section #b7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s    
,resolution 7,public ,law #ic-adh2 #ej  
,u4,s4,c4 #aeda71 ! con/itutional p[]s (
 ! ,presid5t z ,comm&]-9-,*ief to       
introduce ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces into
 ho/ilities1 or into situations :]e     
imm95t involvem5t 9 ho/ilities is cle>ly
 indicat$ by ! circum/ances1 are ex]cis$
 only pursuant to 7#a7 a decl>ation (   
w>1 7#b7 specific /atutory au?orization1
 or 7#c7 a national em]g5cy creat$ by   
attack ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its          
t]ritories or possessions1 or its arm$  
=ces4  7#d7 ,nucle> weapons are uniquely
 p[]ful weapons t h ! capability to     

in/antly kill millions ( p1 create      
long-t]m heal? & environm5tal           
consequ5ces ?r\gh\t ! _w1 directly      
und]m9e global peace1 & put ! ,unit$    
,/ates at exi/5tial risk f retaliatory  
nucle> /rikes4  7#e7 ,a fir/-use nucle> 
/rike c>ri$ out by ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld 
con/itute a major act ( w>4  7#f7 ,a    
fir/-use nucle> /rike conduct$ abs5t a  
decl>ation ( w> by ,congress w\ld       
violate ! ,con/itution4  7#g7 ,!        
,presid5t has ! sole au?ority to        
au?orize ! use ( nucle> weapons1 an ord]
 :i* milit>y (fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
mu/ c>ry out 9 accordance ) _!          
obligations "u ! ,uni=m ,code ( ,milit>y
 ,ju/ice4  7#h7 ,giv5 its exclusive p[] 
"u ! ,con/itution to decl>e w>1         
,congress mu/ provide mean+ful *ecks &  
balances to ! ,presid5t's sole au?ority 
to au?orize ! use ( a nucle> weapon4    
7b7 ,decl>ation ( policy ,x is ! policy 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t no fir/-use nucle>  
/rike %\ld be conduct$ abs5t a          
decl>ation ( w> by ,congress4  #c4      

,prohibition on conduct ( fir/-use      
nucle> /rikes  7a7 ,prohibition ,no     
,f$]al funds may be obligat$ or exp5d$  
to conduct a fir/-use nucle> /rike      
unless su* /rike is conduct$ pursuant to
 a w> decl>$ by ,congress t expressly   
au?orizes su* /rike4  7b7 ,fir/-,use    
nucle> /rike def9$ ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m
 fir/-use nucle> /rike means an attack  
us+ nucle> weapons aga9/ an enemy t is  
conduct$ )\t ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se & !  
,*airman ( ! ,jo9t ,*iefs ( ,/aff fir/  
confirm+ to ! ,presid5t t !re has be5 a 
nucle> /rike aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its 
t]ritories1 or its allies 7z specifi$ 9 
section #c7;b77#b7 ( ! ,arms ,export    
,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4            
#bgec7;b77#b7774