,i  #aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #fdbj  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #ah1          
#bjbb,mrs4 ,wagn] 7= h]self1 ,mr4       
,cr5%aw1 & ,mrs4 ,rodg]s ( ,wa%+ton7    
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs  ,a    
,,bill  ,to am5d ! ,traffick+ ,victims  
,protection ,act ( #bjjj relat+ to      
det]m9ations ) respect to ef=ts ( =eign 
c\ntries to r$uce dem& = comm]cial sex  
acts "u ! m9imum /&>ds = ! elim9ation ( 
traffick+1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,sex    
,traffick+ ,dem& ,r$uction ,act4  #b4   
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,x 
has be5 ! long/&+ position ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates to r$uce ! dem& = sex traffick+  
victims4 ,!re is also a wide            
int]national cons5sus on ! necessity (  
dem& r$uction 9 ord] to prev5t human    
traffick+4  7#b7 ,! ,unit$ ,nations     
,protocol to ,prev5t1 ,suppress & ,puni%
 ,traffick+ 9 ,p]sons1 ,especially ,wom5
 & ,*ildr51 ,supplem5t+ ! ,unit$        

,nations ,conv5tion ,aga9/              
,transnational ,organiz$ ,crime ( #bjjj 
7also ref]r$ to z ! ,pal]mo             
,protocol7s77 expressly addresses !     
requirem5t t nations make s]i\s ef=ts to
 r$uce dem& = traffick$ p]sons4  7#c7   
,article #i1 address+ prev5tion ( human 
traffick+1 specifically directs t1      
,/ates ,p>ties %all adopt or /r5g!n     
legislative or o!r measures1 su* z      
educational1 social or cultural         
measures1 includ+ ?r\gh bilat]al &      
multilat]al coop]ation1 to disc\rage !  
dem& t fo/]s all =ms ( exploitation (   
p]sons1 especially wom5 & *ildr51 t     
leads to traffick+44  7#d7 ,! ,unit$    
,nations ,protocol1 ! ,europe ,conv5tion
 on ,action aga9/ ,human ,traffick+1 & !
 #bjaa ,european ,union ,directive ( !  
,european ,p>liam5t & ! ,c\ncil on      
prev5t+ & combat+ traffick+ 9 human be+s
 also specifically address ! ne$ to     
prev5t human traffick+ by r$uc+ dem& =  
traffick+ victims4  7#e7 ,rese>* has %[n
 t legal pro/itution increases ! dem& = 

pro/itut$ p]sons & ?us increases ! m>ket
 = sex4 ,z a result1 !re is a           
significant increase 9 in/ances ( human 
traffick+4  7#f7 ,9 #bjab1 rese>*]s     
,seo-,"y ,*o1 ,axel ,dreh]1 & ,eric     
,neumay] publi%$ _! f9d+s 9 ,_w         
,developm5t e/abli%+ t1 ,! scale effect 
( legaliz$ pro/itution leads to an      
expansion ( ! pro/itution m>ket1        
increas+ human traffick+ ''' 4 ,on      
av]age1 c\ntries :]e pro/itution is     
legal exp]i5ce l>g] report$ human       
traffick+ infl[s44  7#g7 ,9 #bjje1 a    
/udy focus$ on #aa ,european ,union     
c\ntries reque/$ by ! ,european         
,p>liam5t's ,committee on ,wom5's       
,rights & ,g5d] ,equality & p]=m$ by    
,transcrime f\nd t /rict] pro/itution   
laws are correlat$ ) few] human         
traffick+ victims4  7#h7 ,case /udies   
publi%$ by rese>*]s ,niklas ,jakobsson &
 ,&reas ,kotsadam support ! possibility 
( a causal l9k betwe5 h>%] pro/itution  
laws & r$uc$ human traffick+4 ,jakobsson
 & ,kotsadam f\nd t traffick+ ( p]sons =

 comm]cial sexual exploitation is lea/  
preval5t 9 c\ntries :]e pro/itution is  
illegal & mo/ preval5t 9 c\ntries :]e   
pro/itution is legaliz$4  7#i7 ,fur!r   
data h demon/rat$ ! correlation betwe5 !
 adoption ( legislation t crim9alizes   
dem& & r$uctions 9 sex traffick+4  #c4  
,modifications to factors = consid]ation
 = m9imum /&>ds = elim9ation ( human    
traffick+  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,p>agraph 7#ab7 
( section #ajh7;b7 ( ! ,traffick+       
,victims ,protection ,act ( #bjjj 7#bb  
,u4,s4,c4 #gajf7;b77 is am5d$ to read z 
foll[s3  7#ab7 ,:e!r ! gov]nm5t ( !     
c\ntry has made s]i\s & su/a9$ ef=ts    
to-- 7,a7 prohibit ! pur*ase ( comm]cial
 sex acts1 to ! ext5t su* prohibition is
 )9 ! au?ority ( su* gov]nm5t1 or       
implem5t a policy aga9/ ! pur*ase (     
comm]cial sex acts1 if su* prohibition  
_c be in/itut$2  7,b7 educate buy]s (   
comm]cial sex on h[ traffick]s exploit  
pro/itut$ p]sons = human traffick+2     
7,c7 r$uce dem& = p>ticipation 9        
int]national sex t\rism by nationals ( !

 c\ntry1 includ+ ?r\gh arre/s1          
prosecutions1 & convictions2 &  7,d7    
ensure t anti-traffick+-9-p]sons tra9+ &
 provisions are incorporat$ into codes (
 conduct = ! /aff ( ! gov]nm5t1 to !    
ext5t t su* ability is )9 ! au?ority ( !
 gov]nm5t4  4  7b7 ,effective date ,!   
am5dm5t made by subsection 7a7 takes    
effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act
 & applies ) respect to det]m9ations "u 
subsection 7a77#d7 ( section #ajh ( !   
,traffick+ ,victims ,protection ,act (  
#bjjj t are made on or aft] su* date (  
enactm5t4