,i  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #efdc  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #bj1 #bjba,mr4
 ,lev9 ( ,mi*igan 7= himself & ,mr4     
,meij]7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,affairs  ,a ,,bill  ,to require        
additional disclosures ) respect to     
nom9ees to s]ve z *iefs ( missions1 & = 
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,bol/]+ !              
,effectiv5ess1 ,success1 & ,transp>5cy (
 ,ambassadors ,act or ! ,,be/           
,ambassadors ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress
 f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! ,=eign ,s]vice  
,act ( #aihj 7,public ,law #if-dfe7     
/ates1 ,an individual appo9t$ or assign$
 to be a *ief ( mission %\ld possess    
cle>ly demon/rat$ compet5ce to p]=m !   
duties ( a *ief ( mission1 includ+1 to !
 maximum ext5t practicable1 a useful k (
 ! pr9cipal language or dialect ( !     
c\ntry 9 :i* ! individual is to s]ve1 & 
k & und]/&+ ( ! hi/ory1 ! culture1 !    
economic & political in/itutions1 & !   

int]e/s ( t c\ntry & its p & cont9ues t1
 accord+ly1 positions z *ief ( mission  
%\ld normally be accord$ to c>e] memb]s 
( ! ,=eign ,s]vice44  7#b7 ,! p]c5tage (
 ambassador%ips fill$ by political      
appo9tees has increas$ ov] ! pa/ #dj    
ye>s4 ,dur+ ,presid5t ,jimmy ,c>t]'s    
t]m1 betwe5 #aigg & #aiha1 ab\t #bf     
p]c5t ( ambassador%ips 7 fill$ by       
political appo9tees4 ,dur+ ,presid5t    
,ronald ,reagan's t]ms1 betwe5 #aiha &  
#aihi1 ab\t #ch p]c5t 74 ,m rec5tly1 "u 
,presid5t ,b>ack ,obama1 ab\t #cj p]c5t 
( ambassadors 7 political appo9tees1    
:ile ab\t #dc p]c5t 7 "u ,presid5t      
,donald ,j4 ,trump z ( ,septemb] #ad1   
#bjbj4  7#c7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates practice (
 appo9t+ political ambassadors is       
atypical globally4 ,accord+ to a #bjag  
,univ]sity ( ,texas at ,au/9 /udy1 ,at !
 s5ior level1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is an     
extreme outli] among =eign s]vices 9 !  
numb] ( political appo9tees z           
ambassadors1 ev5 9 key po/s44  7#d7     
,political appo9tees are n necess>ily   

unsuccessful ambassadors4 ,accord+ to ! 
#bjag ,univ]sity ( ,texas /udy1 !re h   
be5 highly accompli%$ political         
appo9tees :o h be5 sup]b ambassadors4 ,!
 report cont9ues1 h[ev]1 !re h be5 _m m 
patronage appo9tees ) no relevant       
qualifications1 hav+ be5 *os5 pr9cipally
 = _! support 9 presid5tial election    
campaigns4 ,contra/ ^! ,u4,s4           
ambassadors ) _! c\nt]p>ts f o!r        
c\ntries1 :o typically speak sev]al     
languages1 are well v]s$ 9 ! c\ntry to  
:i* !y are assign$ & are c>e]           
pr(essionals ) ext5sive k ( _! home     
m9i/ries44  7#e7 ,! ,=eign ,s]vice ,act 
( #aihj /ates1 ,contributions to        
political campaigns %\ld n be a factor 9
 ! appo9tm5t ( an individual z a *ief ( 
mission44 ,h[ev]1 ?is law has n =e/all$ 
! appo9tm5t--by bo? ,democratic &       
,republican presid5ts--( campaign donors
 )\t app>5t qualifications to s]ve 9 ^! 
po/s4  7#f7 ,to ensure ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
has ! be/ repres5tation possible abroad1
 x w be necess>y to pres]ve ! option to 

appo9t political ambassadors :ile enact+
 safegu>ds to ensure ^! appo9tees are   
nom9at$ because ( _! qualifications1 n  
_! campaign contributions4  #c4         
,additional disclosures requir$ )       
respect to nom9ees ,section #cjd ( !    
,=eign ,s]vice ,act ( #aihj 7#bb        
,u4,s4,c4 #cidd7 is am5d$ z foll[s3 7#a7
 ,9 p>agraph 7#d7 ( subsection 7a71 by  
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new s5t5ce3 ,if1 
z ( ! date ( ! submission ( su* report1 
su* individual has n s]v$ z a c>e] memb]
 ( ! ,s]vice1 ! ,presid5t %all also     
include 9 su* report a ju/ification     
expla9+ :e!r a c>e] memb] is available  
to fill su* position & ! mann] & ext5t  
to :i* ! nom9ee is nev]!less uniquely   
qualifi$ to s]ve 9 su* position44  7#b7 
,9 p>agraph 7#b7 ( subsection 7b7-- 7,a7
 by /rik+ f\r? cal5d> ye> & ins]t+ t5?  
cal5d> ye>2 &  7,b7 by ins]t+ & !       
,secret>y ( ,/ate %all publi% ea* su*   
report & ea* ,c]tificate ( ,compet5cy   
issu$ pursuant to ?is section on a      
publicly available website ( ! ,dep>tm5t

 ( ,/ate aft] ,congressional ,record4   
7#c7 ,at ! end ( subsection 7b71 by add+
 ! foll[+ new p>agraphs3  7#c7 ,)       
respect to ea* nom9ation = an individual
 to be a *ief ( mission1 ! ,presid5t    
%all c]tify to ! ,committee on ,=eign   
,relations ( ! ,s5ate t any campaign    
contributions made by ! nom9ee or memb]s
 ( 8 or h] imm$iate family1 :e!r or n   
includ$ 9 ! report describ$ 9 p>agraph  
7#b71 play$ no role 9 su* nom9ation4    
7#d7 ,ea* individual nom9at$ by !       
,presid5t to be a *ief ( mission %all   
include 9 8 or h] /atem5t to !          
,committee on ,=eign ,relations ( !     
,s5ate an explanation ( ! mann] & ext5t 
to :i* su* individual meets ! crit]ia   
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 ( subsection   
7a71 includ+ ! s\rce & ext5t ( su*      
individual's k & und]/&+ ( ! hi/ory1    
culture1 economic & political           
in/itutions1 & int]e/s ( ! p ( su*      
c\ntry1 & level ( famili>ity ) !        
c\ntry's pr9cipal language or dialect1  
includ+1 if relevant1 ! scores receiv$ 9

 speak+ & read+ exam9ations tak5 at !   
,=eign ,s]vice ,in/itute = t language4  
4