,i  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ecif  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,septemb] #bh1        
#bjba,mrs4 ,d+ell 7= h]self & ,mrs4     
,hayes7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,education &  
,labor  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d title ,,ix (
 ! ,education ,am5dm5ts ( #aigb to      
e/abli% /&>ds ( liability = h>assm5t on 
! basis ( sex1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4   
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,title ,,ix ,take ,responsibility ,act (
 #bjba4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !    
foll[+3 7#a7 ,z ! ,supreme ,c\rt has    
held 9 ,frankl9 v4 ,gw9nett ,c\nty      
,public ,s*ools1 #ejc ,u4,s4 #fj1 #ge   
7#aiib71 & ,davis v4 ,monroe ,c\nty     
,bo>d ( ,education1 #ebf ,u4,s4 #fbi1   
#fcc 7#aiii71 cov]$ entities are liable 
= h>assm5t on ! basis ( sex "u _!       
education programs & activities "u title
 ,,ix ( ! ,education ,am5dm5ts ( #aigb  
7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #abfha et seq47 7ref]r$  
to 9 ?is ,act z title ,,ix74  7#b7 ,z   
c\rts h prop]ly recogniz$1 exp]i5c+ !   

effects ( sexual h>assm5t "u an         
education program or activity1 :e!r     
p]petrat$ by employees or ag5ts ( !     
program or activity1 by pe]s ( ! victim1
 or by o!rs1 c be a =m ( unlawful &     
int5tional discrim9ation t inflicts     
sub/antial h>m on b5efici>ies ( !       
program or activity & violates !        
obligation ( a cov]$ entity to ma9ta9 a 
nondiscrim9atory environm5t4  7#c7      
,title ,,ix protects p]sons1 ( any g5d]1
 f discrim9ation on ! basis ( sex 9     
education programs & activities t       
receive ,f$]al fund+4 ,supreme ,c\rt    
op9ions h e/abli%$ t "u title ,,ix1     
s*ools are responsible = address+ sexual
 h>assm5t1 reg>dless ( ! location ( !   
h>assm5t1 :5 x impacts a p]son's access 
to an educational program or activity4  
7#d7 ,p]petrators ( sexual h>assm5t &   
viol5ce at s*ool are n limit$ to /ud5ts4
 ,incid5ts h also involv$ faculty1      
adm9i/rators1 coa*es1 & o!r /aff memb]s4
  7#e7 ,a s*ool culture t tol]ates      
inappropriate v]bal & physical contact &

 t int5tionally or un9t5tionally        
disc\rages report+ ^! behaviors und]m9es
 ! emotional1 intellectual1 &           
pr(essional gr[? ( millions ( "y p4     
7#f7 ,sexual h>assm5t ( /ud5ts1         
especially among wom5 & girls1 /ud5ts ( 
color1 disabl$ /ud5ts1 & ,,lgbtq /ud5ts1
 is widely preval5t 9 ,k-#ab & high]    
education1 = example3 7,a7 ,"o 9 #e     
girls ages #ad ?r\gh #ah h be5 kiss$ or 
t\*$ )\t _! cons5t1 #eh p]c5t ( ,,lgbtq 
y\? ages #ac ?r\gh #ba are sexually     
h>ass$1 & *ildr5 ) disabilities are #b4i
 times m likely ?an _! pe]s to be       
sexually assault$4  7,b7 ,hi/orically   
m>g9aliz$ & und]repres5t$ gr\ps are m   
likely to exp]i5ce sexual h>assm5t ?an  
_! pe]s1 ) ,native ,am]ican1 ,black1 &  
,lat9a girls be+ m likely ?an ,:ite     
girls to be =c$ to h sex :5 !y d n want 
to d s4  7,c7 ,9 college1 #a 9 #d wom51 
#a 9 #ae m51 & #a 9 #d transg5d]1       
nonb9>y1 & g5d]-noncon=m+ /ud5ts are    
sexually assault$ dur+ _! "t z          
und]graduates4  7,d7 ,"o 9 #c college   

wom5 & #a 9 #f college m5 are survivors 
( dat+ viol5ce or dome/ic viol5ce4  7#g7
 ,few /ud5ts report h>assm5t to _!      
s*ools1 (t5 because ( %ame or           
self-blame1 fe> ( retaliation1 fe> ( be+
 ignor$ or discipl9$1 fe> ( police or   
immigration (ficials1 or lack ( k (     
s]vices s*ools c (f] to help4  7#h7     
,failure to mean+fully en=ce title ,,ix 
leads to discrim9ation by creat+ a      
ho/ile le>n+ environm5t t imp$es        
educational atta9m5t1 damages rights to 
equal access to education1 & und]m9es   
le>n+ = all4  7#i7 ,:5 s*ools fail to   
protect survivors1 includ+ by (f]+      
supportive measures t are design$ to    
pres]ve & to re/ore _! equal access to  
education1 survivors (t5 suff] 9 ! =m ( 
l[] academic a*ievem5t1 lo/ s*ol>%ips1 &
 lo/ degrees4  7#aj7 ,curr5t title ,,ix 
regulations issu$ by ! ,secret>y (      
,education entitl$ ,nondiscrim9ation on 
! ,basis ( ,sex 9 ,education ,programs  
or ,activities ,receiv+ ,f$]al ,f9ancial
 ,assi/ance 7#he ,f$4 ,reg4 #cjjbf1 ,may

 #ai1 #bjbj7 h made x m difficult =     
/ud5t survivors to report h>assm5t &    
receive help & pose uniquely burd5some  
proc$ures = cases ( sexual h>assm5t t   
are n requir$ = any o!r type ( /ud5t or 
/aff misconduct1 only fur!r sweep+      
sexual viol5ce "u ! rug4  7#aa7 ,title  
,,ix's language is broad & sweep+1 mak+ 
cle> ,congress' int5t to op5 ! c\r?\se  
doors to victims ( a wide range ( sex   
discrim9ation 9 s*ools4 ,h[ev]1 s9ce    
title ,,ix's passage1 c\rts h creat$    
b>ri]s t make x extraord9>ily difficult 
= survivors to obta9 r$ress f s*ools    
?r\gh private litigation4  7#ab7 ,9 a #e
 to #d op9ion 9 ,gebs] v4 ,lago ,vi/a   
,indep5d5t ,s*ool ,di/rict1 #ebd ,u4,s4 
#bgd 7#aiih71 ! ,supreme ,c\rt held t   
/ud5ts subject$ to sexual h>assm5t may  
receive a damages rem$y "u title ,,ix   
only :5 s*ool (ficials h actual notice (
 ! h>assm5t & are delib]ately indiff]5t1
 or respond 9 a cle>ly unreasonable     
mann]1 to x4  7#ac7 ,al?\gh !y d n      
affect ! relevant /&>ds = individuals to

 obta9 injunctive & equitable relief =  
h>assm5t on ! basis ( race1 color1 sex1 
national orig91 age1 or disability "u   
cov]$ programs & activities1 ,gebs] &   
simil> op9ions sev]ely limit !          
availability ( rem$ies = su* individuals
 by impos+ new1 m /r+5t /&>ds = recov]y 
( damages "u title ,,ix4 ,yet 9 _m      
cases1 damages are ! only rem$y t w\ld  
effectively rectify pa/ h>assm5t4  7#ad7
 ,^! limitations on effective relief    
?w>t ,congress' und]ly+ purpose to      
protect /ud5ts f h>assm5t1 & !y create  
prohibitively high /&>ds = title ,,ix   
sexual h>assm5t lawsuits t are m on]\s  
?an ^? applicable to workplace sexual   
h>assm5t lawsuits "u title ,,vii ( !    
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db        
,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;e et seq474 ,z a result1
 s*ools are requir$ to d less to address
 h>assm5t aga9/ _! /ud5ts ?an to address
 ! same h>assm5t ( _! employees1 mean+ t
 /ud5ts1 :o are *ildr5 & "y adults1 mu/ 
suff] worse h>assm5t ?an adult employees
 be=e !y are entitl$ to a rem$y 9 c\rt4 

7#ae7 ,"s l[] c\rts h add$ additional   
on]\s b>ri]s "u :i* a s*ool is only     
liable = its failure to address kn[n    
sexual h>assm5t if ! victim lat]        
exp]i5ces fur!r actionable sexual       
h>assm5t4  7#af7 ,a ,f$]al c\rt (       
appeals op9ion 9 ,koll>its* v4 ,mi*igan 
,/ate ,univ]sity ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees1 #idd 
,f4#c;d #fac1 #fba-bd 7#f? ,cir4 #bjai71
 w5t s f> z to =eclose money damages if 
a victim ( sexual h>assm5t does n       
exp]i5ce fur!r actionable h>assm5t z a  
result ( ! recipi5t's defici5t response 
to a compla9t1 ev5 if ! recipi5t's      
conduct causes educational injuries "u  
title ,,ix4  7#ag7 ,gebs] & subsequ5t   
op9ions create an inc5tive = cov]$      
entities to insulate !mselves f k (     
h>assm5t on ! basis ( sex r ?an adopt+ &
 en=c+ practices t w m9imize ! dang] (  
su* h>assm5t4 ,! op9ions ?us und]m9e !  
purpose ( prohibitions on discrim9ation 
9 ! civil rights laws to induce cov]$   
programs or activities to adopt & en=ce 
practices t w m9imize ! dang] t         

vuln]able /ud5ts or o!r p]sons w be     
expos$ to su* odi\s behavior4  7#ah7    
,legislative action is necess>y &       
appropriate to rev]se ,gebs] & o!r c\rt 
op9ions & re/ore ! availability ( a full
 range ( rem$ies = h>assm5t bas$ on sex4
  7#ai7 ,re/or+ ! availability ( a full 
range ( rem$ies = h>assm5t w-- 7,a7     
ensure t /ud5ts & o!r p]sons ( f$]ally  
fund$ programs & activities h protection
 f h>assm5t on ! basis ( sex2  7,b7     
enc\rage cov]$ entities to adopt & en=ce
 mean+ful policies & proc$ures to prev5t
 & rem$y h>assm5t2  7,c7 det] incid5ts (
 h>assm5t2 &  7,d7 provide appropriate  
rem$ies = discrim9ation4  #c4           
,prohibition ( h>assm5t  7a7            
,prohibition ( h>assm5t ,section #ija ( 
! ,education ,am5dm5ts ( #aigb 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #afha7 is am5d$ by add+ at !  
end ! foll[+3  7d7 ,prohibition (       
h>assm5t  7#a7 ,if an ag5t or an        
employee ( a cov]$ entity engages 9     
h>assm5t1 reg>dless ( :]e ! h>assm5t    
occurs1 on ! basis ( sex1 :i* is enabl$ 

or assi/$ by ! au?ority ex]cis$ z an    
employee or ag5t ( ! cov]$ entity1 aga9/
 a p]son :o is p>ticipat+ 9 or receiv+  
b5efits1 s]vices1 or opportunities f an 
education program or activity1 or :o is 
attempt+ to d s1 & ! h>assm5t alt]s !   
aggriev$ p]son's ability to d s1 includ+
 by creat+ an intimidat+1 ho/ile1 or    
(f5sive environm5t1 ! cov]$ entity is   
liable = sex discrim9ation4  7#b7 7,a7  
,if a p]son :o is an ag5t or employee ( 
a cov]$ entity engages 9 h>assm5t1      
reg>dless ( :]e ! h>assm5t occurs1 on ! 
basis ( sex aga9/ a p]son :o is         
p>ticipat+ 9 or receiv+ b5efits1        
s]vices1 or opportunities f an education
 program or activity or :o is attempt+  
to d s-- 7i7 ! h>assm5t is n enabl$ or  
assi/$ by ! au?ority ex]cis$ z an       
employee or ag5t ( ! cov]$ entity2  7ii7
 ! h>assm5t alt]s ! aggriev$ p]son's    
ability to p>ticipate 9 or receive      
b5efits1 s]vices1 or opportunities f an 
education program or activity1 includ+  
by creat+ an intimidat+1 ho/ile1 or     

(f5sive environm5t2 &  7iii7 ! cov]$    
entity knew1 or 9 ! ex]cise ( reasonable
 c>e %\ld h kn[n1 ( ! h>assm5t1  !n !   
cov]$ entity is liable = sex            
discrim9ation unless x c demon/rate t x 
ex]cis$ reasonable c>e to promptly      
prev5t & correct ! effects ( any        
h>assm5t bas$ on sex4  7,b7 ,if a p]son 
:o is n an ag5t or employee ( a cov]$   
entity engages 9 h>assm5t1 reg>dless (  
:]e ! h>assm5t occurs1 on ! basis ( sex 
aga9/ a p]son :o is p>ticipat+ 9 or     
receiv+ b5efits1 s]vices1 or            
opportunities f an education program or 
activity or :o is attempt+ to d s1 & !  
h>assm5t alt]s ! aggriev$ p]son's       
ability to d s1 includ+ by creat+ an    
intimidat+1 ho/ile1 or (f5sive          
environm5t1 & ! cov]$ entity knew1 or 9 
! ex]cise ( reasonable c>e %\ld h kn[n1 
( ! h>assm5t1 !n ! cov]$ entity is      
liable = sex discrim9ation unless x c   
demon/rate t x ex]cis$ reasonable c>e to
 promptly prev5t & correct ! effects (  
any h>assm5t bas$ on sex4  7,c7 ,a cov]$

 entity %all ex]cise reasonable c>e 9   
response to h>assm5t bas$ on sex if any 
( ! foll[+ individuals knew1 or 9 !     
ex]cise ( reasonable c>e %\ld h kn[n1   
ab\t ! h>assm5t3 7i7 ,an ag5t or        
employee :o has ! au?ority to take      
action to r$ress ! h>assm5t4  7ii7 ,an  
ag5t or employee :o has ! duty to report
 to an adm9i/rator h>assm5t or any o!r  
misconduct by o!rs4  7iii7 ,an          
individual :o a h>assm5t victim or      
report+ p>ty c\ld reasonably believe has
 ?is au?ority or responsibility4  7,d7  
,a %[+ t ! cov]$ entity has ex]cis$     
reasonable c>e to promptly prev5t &     
correct ! effects ( any h>assm5t bas$ on
 sex includes a demon/ration by ! cov]$ 
entity t x has-- 7i7 e/abli%$1          
adequately publiciz$1 & en=c$ an        
effective & compreh5sive h>assm5t       
prev5tion policy & compla9t proc$ure t  
is likely to provide r$ress & avoid h>m 
)\t expos+ ! p]son subject$ to !        
h>assm5t to undue risk1 ef=t1 or exp5se2
  7ii7 if reque/$ by ! aggriev$ p]son or

 o!rwise deem$ necess>y to protect !    
aggriev$ p]son or o!r p]sons )9 !       
program or activity f a significant     
ongo+ ?reat1 und]tak5 a prompt1 ?or\gh1 
& imp>tial inve/igation1 unless !       
allegations are pat5tly frivol\s2  7iii7
 provid$ supportive measures t _h !     
purpose & effect ( pres]v+ & re/or+ !   
aggriev$ p]son's equal access to !      
education program or activity1 reg>dless
 ( :e!r ! aggriev$ p]son reque/$ an     
inve/igation2 &  7iv7 aft] receiv+      
notice1 tak5 o!r necess>y1 imm$iate1 &  
appropriate corrective action design$ to
 /op ! h>assm5t t occurr$ & correct its 
effects1 reg>dless ( :e!r ! aggriev$    
p]son exp]i5c$ subsequ5t h>assm5t4  4   
7b7 ,civil action ,section #ijb ( !     
,education ,am5dm5ts ( #aigb 7#bj       
,u4,s4,c4 #afhb7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by     
ins]t+ 7a7 be=e ,ea* ,f$]al dep>tm5t &  
ag5cy :i* is emp[]$2 &  7#b7 by add+ at 
! end ! foll[+3  7b7 ,any p]son aggriev$
 by ! failure ( a cov]$ entity to comply
 ) ?is title1 includ+ any regulation    

promulgat$ pursuant to ?is title1 may   
br+ a civil action 9 any c\rt ( compet5t
 jurisdiction to en=ce su* p]son's      
rights4  4  7c7 ,actions br\ght by      
aggriev$ p]sons ,title ,,ix ( !         
,education ,am5dm5ts ( #aigb 7#bj       
,u4,s4,c4 #afha et4 seq47 is am5d$ by   
ins]t+ aft] section #ijb ! foll[+3      
#ijb;,a4 ,actions br\ght by or on behalf
 ( aggriev$ p]sons ,9 an action br\ght  
aga9/ a cov]$ entity by 7includ+ on     
behalf (7 an aggriev$ p]son :o has be5  
subject$ to discrim9ation prohibit$ "u  
?is title 7includ+ its implem5t+        
regulations71 ! pla9tiff may recov]     
equitable & legal relief 7includ+       
comp5satory & punitive damages71 &      
attorney's fees 7includ+ exp]t fees74  4