,i  #aagth ,,congress  #ast ,session    
,h4 ,r4 #daja  ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of  
,,representatives  ,june #bc1 #bjba,ms4 
,roybal-,allard 7for herself and ,mr4   
,calvert7 introduced the following bill2
 which was referred to the ,committee on
 ,energy and ,commerce  ,a ,,bill  ,to  
amend the ,public ,health ,service ,act 
to ensure that non-animal methods are   
prioritized1 where applicable and       
feasible1 in proposals for all research 
to be conducted or supported by the     
,national ,institutes of ,health1 and   
for other purposes4  #a4 ,short title   
,this ,act may be cited as the ,humane  
and ,existing ,alternatives in ,research
 and ,testing ,sciences ,act of #bjba or
 the ,,hearts ,act of #bjba4  #b4       
,findings ,congress finds the following3
 7#a7 ,the ,national ,institutes of     
,health has supported life-saving       
research that has greatly improved the  
health and well-being not only of       
,americans but also of people around the
 world4  7#b7 ,much of this research has

 relied on animals4 ,it is estimated    
that between #ag million and #bb million
 animals are used annually in the       
,united ,states in research1 education1 
and testing4  7#c7 ,at the same time1   
however1 a great deal of research that  
utilized animal studies yielded no      
benefits for humans4 ,for example1      
according to ,,nih itself1 approximately
 #cj percent of promising medications   
have failed in human clinical trials    
because they are found to be toxic      
despite promising pre-clinical studies  
in animal models4 ,about #fj percent of 
candidate drugs fail due to lack of     
efficacy4  7#d7 ,the laboratory use of  
animals has also long been an issue of  
public concern because animals will1 in 
most cases1 experience fear1 pain1      
disease or surgery1 and early death4    
7#e7 ,much more has become known about  
the unsuitability of animal models for  
studying human disease and many more    
humane1 cost-effective1 and             
scientifically suitable non-animal      

methods are available4  7#f7 ,under the 
system of oversight established by the  
,animal ,welfare ,act 7,public ,law     
#hi-edd71 researchers are supposed to   
consider alternatives to animal use or  
painful procedures and should not       
unnecessarily duplicate previous        
experiments4 ,however1 oversight is     
generally weak and little heed is paid  
to the use of non-animal methods or the 
avoidance of duplication1 thereby       
unnecessarily subjecting animals to     
pain1 suffering1 and death4  7#g7 ,a    
system of active incentives is needed to
 encourage researchers to utilize       
humane1 cost-effective1 and             
scientifically suitable non-animal      
methods4  #c4 ,animals in research      
,section #die of the ,public ,health    
,service ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bhi;d7 is 
amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 
in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in the matter   
preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by striking
 paragraph and inserting subparagraph2  
and  7ii7 by redesignating subparagraphs

 7,a7 and 7,b7 as clauses 7i7 and 7ii71 
respectively1 and moving the margins of 
such clauses 7as so redesignated7 two   
ems to the right2  7,b7 by redesignating
 paragraphs 7#a71 7#b7 7as so amended71 
and 7#c7 as subparagraphs 7,a71 7,b71   
and 7,c71 respectively1 and moving the  
margins of such subparagraphs 7as so    
redesignated7 two ems to the right2     
7,c7 in the matter preceding            
subparagraph 7,a7 7as so redesignated71 
by striking shall establish guidelines  
for the following3 and inserting the    
following3 1 with respect to all        
research conducted or supported by the  
,national ,institutes of ,health1 do the
 following3 7#a7 ,establish and maintain
 animal care guidelines for the         
following3  2 and  7,d7 by adding at the
 end the following3  7#b7 ,establish a  
system of meaningful incentives to      
encourage the use of existing humane and
 scientifically satisfactory non-animal 
methods in research proposals4  7#c7    
,ensure that1 before any research       

involving the use of animals is approved
 or performed all scientifically        
satisfactory non-animal methods for     
obtaining the results sought have been  
fully evaluated4  7#d7 ,ensure that--   
7,a7 research proposals are reviewed by 
at least one person who has expertise in
 non-animal research methods2 and  7,b7 
reviewers of the research proposals have
 access to a reference librarian with   
expertise in evaluating the adequacy of 
the searches for non-animal methods     
described in the research proposals4    
7#e7 ,establish and maintain research   
proposal guidelines for conducting      
thorough searches for non-animal        
alternatives to the use of animals for  
biomedical and behavioral research4  2  
and  7#b7 in subsection 7c77#a7-- 7,a7  
in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and at
 the end2 and  7,b7 by adding at the end
 the following3  7,c7 a statement of    
assurance that a scientifically         
satisfactory non-animal method of       
obtaining the result sought is not      

available2 and  4