,i #aag? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,r4 #bgbe ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,april #ba1 #bjba,mr4 ,espaillat introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ,a ,,bill ,to e/abli% a commission to address ! fundam5tal rep]cussions ( a misguid$ int]v5tion1 by ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ! ,dom9ican ,republic betwe5 #aiaf-aibd & #aife-aiff1 includ+ to /udy & consid] an apology & proposals = ! repair ( relations & reconciliation ) ! p ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,commission on ,unit$ ,/ates ,occupations ,act or ! ,la ,comisin de las ocupaciones norteam]icanas ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates e/abli%$ diplomatic relations ) ! ,dom9ican ,republic 9 #ahhd foll[+ its indep5d5ce4 ,ev] s9ce1 ! c\ntry has witness$ p]iods ( dictator%ip1 au/]ity1 int]v5tions1 & political insurrection1 along ) an increas+ national debt t l$ to two occupations by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 7#b7 ,aft] ! ,civil ,w>1 mu* ( ,am]ica's att5tion turn$ to rebuild+ itself dur+ ! ,recon/ruction ,era4 ,= v>i\s ye>s1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy _h want$ a naval base 9 ! ,c>ibbean to conduct its naval op]ations4 ,! ,dom9ican ,republic _h a suitable bay 7! ,saman ,bay74 ,9 #ahfi1 ,presid5t ,ulysses ,s4 ,grant attempt$ ! annexation ( ,santo ,dom+o ) ! promise ( ev5tual /atehood4 ,! annexation treaty fail$ to rea* ! two-?irds vote ne$$ 7! vote 0 a tie7 9 ! ,s5ate1 fall+ "o vote %ort & ?us prev5t+ ! ,dom9ican ,republic f becom+ a ,unit$ ,/ates ,t]ritory4 7#c7 ,by #aiaf1 ! national debt _h swoll5 to well ov] #cj million1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t /epp$ 9 to control ! v>i\s cu/om h\ses 9 ! major ports4 7#d7 ,on ,may #ac1 #aiaf1 a cont+5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps l&$ & )9 two mon?s took control ( ! nation1 impos+ a milit>y gov]nm5t "u ! comm& ( ,re> ,admiral ,h>ry ,%ep>d ,knapp1 :i* result$ 9 eight ye>s ( /rong ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y pres5ce & ( great res5tm5t f ,dom9ican nationals :o lo/ _! sov]eignty at ! h&s ( ,unit$ ,/ates =ces4 7#e7 ,^u )drawal 9 #aibd1 by ord]s ( ,presid5t ,w>r5 ,h>d+1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates came to an agreem5t ) ! ,dom9ican ,republic :i* gu>ante$ cu/oms duties to cont9ue pay+ (f its national long-/&+ debts4 ,9 ! same ye>1 :5 ,unit$ ,/ates =ces )drew1 #add m>9es 7 dead & #ej 7 injur$4 ,! ,dom9icans suff]$ #iej casualties betwe5 dead & injur$4 7#f7 ,! occupation sequel _h its effect 9 ! ye>s to come1 ?r\gh ! rise 9 p[] ( ,rafael ,leonidas ,trujillo4 ,trujillo1 a memb] ( ! ,national ,gu>d creat$ 9 ! e>ly #aiai by ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & despite be+ a p]son ( que/ionable moral "*1 receiv$ support f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,dur+ 8 #ca ye>s ( dictator%ip1 ,trujillo rul$ ! ,dom9ican ,republic ) an iron fi/ & div]t$ funds = 8 army & to suppress int]nal diss5t4 7#g7 ,! second int]v5tion & occupation ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces1 call$ ,op]ation ,p[] ,pack1 took place betwe5 #aife-aiff1 aft] a p]iod ( political in/ability & milit>y c\p foll[+ ! assass9ation ( dictator ,rafael ,leonidas ,trujillo 9 #aifa4 7#h7 ,9 #aifb1 ,juan ,bos* became ! fir/ elect$ presid5t ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic1 aft] #ca ye>s ( tyranny4 ,bos* tri$ to e/abli% a democratic1 secul> con/itution1 b on ,septemb] #be1 #aifc1 a milit>y c\p ov]?rew ,bos* & replac$ him ) a junta l$ by ,donald ,reid ,cabral4 7#i7 ,presid5t ,lyndon ,johnson s5t a total ( #db1jjj ,am]ican troops1 supplem5t$ by an ,int]-,am]ican ,peace ,=ce 7#b1jjj troops7 to ! isl& to support ,la ,junta l$ by ,donald ,reid ,cabral4 ,%ortly aft] ! #aife ,civil ,w> or ,la ,revolucin del #fe1 que/ionable elections 7 held1 & ^! result$ 9 ! election ( ,joaqu9 ,balagu] to ! ,presid5cy ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 7#aj7 ,balagu]1 a previ\s memb] ( ! ,trujillo-l$ gov]nm5t1 rul$ ! ,dom9ican ,republic = ! foll[+ #ab ye>s4 ,?is p]iod 0 *>act]iz$ by turmoil1 alleg$ disappe>ances1 & dea?s ( hundr$s ( "y political m5 & social activi/s4 7#aa7 ,! inju/ice t fl\ri%$ 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic dur+ ?is era con/itut$ an immoral & tyrannic regime1 depriv+ its citiz5s f a free & sov]eign gov]nm5t = #ab m ye>s4 7#ab7 ,^u )drawal 9 #aiff :5 ,unit$ ,/ates =ces )drew1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates suff]$ #bci casualties1 ) #bg kill$ 9 action1 #ahi w\nd$ 9 action1 & #ba noncombat dea?s4 ,! ,dom9ican ,republic suff]$ ov] #g1jjj 7civilians & ,arm$ ,=ces7 casualties1 ) #d1bge kill$ 9 action & #c1jjj w\nd$ 7#ac7 ,approximately #e1bbe ,dom9icans & #aib ,am]icans lo/ _! lives dur+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates occupations ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 ,dur+ ^! occupations & int]v5tions #bci ,am]icans & ov] #c1jjj ,dom9icans 7 injur$4 #c4 ,e/abli%m5t & duties 7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is e/abli%$ ! ,commission to ,/udy & ,develop ,reconciliation ,proposals = ,dom9ican ,republic 79 ?is ,act ref]r$ to z ! ,commission74 7b7 ,duties ,! ,commission %all p]=m ! foll[+ duties3 7#a7 ,id5tify+1 docum5t+1 exam9+1 compil+1 & syn!siz+ ! relevant corpus ( evid5ti>y docum5tation relat+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates int]e/ to incorporate ! ,dom9ican ,republic z ,unit$ ,/ates t]ritory 9 #ahfi 9 ! ,annexation = ,santo ,dom+o ,treaty4 7#b7 ,id5tify+1 docum5t+1 exam9+1 compil+1 & syn!siz+ ! relevant corpus ( evid5ti>y docum5tation relat+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y occupations 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic betwe5 #aiaf-aibd1 includ+ facts relat$ to ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,unit$ ,/ates involvem5t 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic's affairs1 & its f9ancial & milit>y support to ! ,trujillo dictator%ip4 7,b7 ,! treatm5t ( ! ,dom9ican p "u ! ,trujillo dictator%ip1 includ+ viol5t repression ( basic rights & fre$oms1 ) ! tacit support ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,c7 ,! l+]+ negative effects ( dictator%ip & ! matt]s describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 on curr5t ,dom9ican ,republic citiz5s & society4 7#c7 ,id5tify+1 docum5t+1 exam9+1 compil+1 & syn!siz+ ! relevant corpus ( evid5ti>y docum5tation relat+ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y occupations 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic betwe5 #aife-aiff1 includ+ facts relat$ to ! l+]+ negative effects ( ,balagu]'s #ab ye>s 9 p[] on curr5t ,dom9ican ,republic citiz5s & society4 7#d7 ,id5tify+1 docum5t+1 exam9+1 & compil+ an accurate numb] ( casualties1 includ+ dea?s & injuries dur+ all ,unit$ ,/ates occupations & int]v5tions 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 7#e7 ,id5tify+1 docum5t+1 exam9+1 & compil+ accurate co/ ( damage or de/ruction ( private prop]ty dur+ all ,unit$ ,/ates occupations & int]v5tions 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 7#f7 ,recomm5d+ appropriate ways to educate ! ,unit$ ,/ates public ( ! ,commission's f9d+s4 7#g7 ,recomm5d+ appropriate rem$ies 9 consid]ation ( ! ,commission's f9d+s on ! matt]s describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a71 7,b71 & 7,c7 ( p>agraph 7#b74 ,9 mak+ su* recomm5dations1 ! ,commission %all address among o!r issues1 ! foll[+ que/ions3 7,a7 ,h[ su* recomm5dations comport ) int]national /&>ds ( rem$y = wrongs & injuries caus$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ repair & reconciliation ef=ts1 z und]/ood by v>i\s relevant int]national protocols1 laws1 & f9d+s4 7,b7 ,h[ ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t may (f] a =mal apology on behalf ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! invasions & occupations ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 7,c7 ,h[ ! rep]cussions result+ f matt]s describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a71 7,b71 & 7,c7 ( p>agraph 7#b7 may be rev]s$ & provide appropriate policies1 programs1 projects1 & recomm5dations = ! purpose ( rev]s+ ! effects ( ! invasions & occupations4 7,d7 ,h[ ! role play$ by ! ,organization ( ,am]ican ,/ates 7,,oas7 dur+ ! #aife-ff ,unit$ ,/ates ,occupation 9 ! ,dom9ican ,republic to legitimize ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,int]v5tion ( ,april #bh1 #aife1 may h _h trem5d\s rep]cussions on curr5t ,dom9ican ,republic citiz5s & society4 7,e7 ,h[ ! ,,oas settl$ a hi/oric grievance ) ! ,dom9ican ,republic :5 its memb] nations vot$ to publicly apologize = approv+ ! milit>y occupation ( ! c\ntry dur+ ! ,revolution ( ,april #aife4 7c7 ,report to ,congress ,n lat] ?an #bd mon?s aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,commission %all submit to ,congress a writt5 report ( its f9d+s & recomm5dations "u ?is section4 7d7 ,memb]%ip 7#a7 ,9 g5]al 7,a7 ,/at$ memb]s ,! foll[+ %all be memb]s ( ! ,commission3 7i7 ,! ,"u ,secret>y = ,we/]n ,hemisph]e ,affairs ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate4 7ii7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ambassador to ! ,dom9ican ,republic4 7,b7 ,appo9t$ memb]s 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+ %all be memb]s ( ! ,commission1 appo9t$ z foll[s3 7,i7 ,"o memb] %all be appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,,ii7 ,two memb]s %all be appo9t$ by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 9 consultation ) ! m9ority lead]4 7,,iii7 ,two memb]s %all be appo9t$ by ! majority lead] ( ! ,s5ate1 9 consultation ) ! m9ority lead]4 7ii7 ,"u int]national coop]ation ,! ,presid5t %all seek to negotiate ) ! ,dom9ican ,republic to seek1 to ! ext5t practicable1 ! foll[+ z memb]s ( ! ,commission3 7,i7 ,! ,dom9ican ,republic ,ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,,ii7 ,! ,ambassador p]man5t repres5tative ( ! ,dom9ican ,republic to ! ,organization ( ,am]ican ,/ates 7,,oas74 7#b7 ,qualifications ,all memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be p]sons :o are especially qualifi$ to s]ve on ! ,commission by virtue ( _! education1 tra9+1 activism1 or exp]i5ce1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! fields ( ,dom9ican ,republic relations or rep>atory ju/ice4 7#c7 ,t]ms ,! t]m ( (fice = memb]s %all be = ! life ( ! ,commission4 ,a vacancy 9 ! ,commission %all n affect ! p[]s ( ! ,commission & %all be fill$ 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* ! orig9al appo9tm5t 0 made4 7#d7 ,meet+s ,! ,commission %all conduct its initial meet+ n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 ,! ,commission %all e/abli% rules ( proc$ure at su* meet+4 ,all meet+s ( ! ,commission %all be public4 ,! ,commission %\ld meet n less (t5 ?an once a mon?1 includ+ virtual meet+s by ei!r ! entire ,commission or any memb] !re(4 7#e7 ,quorum ,sev5 memb]s ( ! ,commission %all con/itute a quorum1 b a less] numb] may hold he>+s4 7#f7 ,*air & vice *air ,! ,commission %all elect a ,*air & ,vice ,*air f among its memb]s4 ,! t]m ( (fice ( ea* %all be = ! life ( ! ,commission4 7#g7 ,comp5sation ,ea* memb] ( ! ,commission :o is n an (fic] or employee ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t %all be comp5sat$ at a rate equal to ! daily equival5t ( ! annual rate ( basic pay prescrib$ = level ,,iv ( ! ,executive ,s*$ule "u section #ecae ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 = ea* day 7includ+ travel "t7 dur+ :i* su* memb] is engag$ 9 ! p]=mance ( ! duties ( ! ,commission4 ,all memb]s ( ! ,commission :o are (fic]s or employees ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all s]ve )\t comp5sation 9 addition to t receiv$ = _! s]vices z (fic]s or employees ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7#h7 ,travel exp5ses ,! memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be all[$ travel exp5ses1 includ+ p] diem 9 lieu ( subsi/5ce1 at rates au?oriz$ = employees ( ag5cies "u sub*apt] ,i ( *apt] #eg ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 :ile away f _! homes or regul> places ( bus9ess 9 ! p]=mance ( ! duties ( ! ,commission4 7e7 ,p[]s ( ! ,commission 7#a7 ,he>+s & sessions ,! ,commission may1 = ! purpose ( c>ry+ out ! provisions ( ?is section1 hold su* he>+s & sit & act at su* times & at su* places 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & reque/ ! att5dance & te/imony ( su* witnesses & ! production ( su* books1 records1 correspond5ce1 memor&a1 pap]s1 & docum5ts1 z ! ,commission consid]s appropriate4 ,! ,commission may invoke ! aid ( an appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates di/rict c\rt to require1 by subpo5a or o!rwise1 su* att5dance1 te/imony1 or production4 7#b7 ,p[]s ( memb]s ,any memb] ( ! ,commission may1 if au?oriz$ by ! ,commission1 take any action :i* ! ,commission is au?oriz$ to take by ?is subsection4 7#c7 ,obta9+ (ficial data ,! ,commission may acquire directly f ! head ( any dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 or in/rum5tality ( ! executive bran* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 available in=mation :i* ! ,commission consid]s useful 9 ! dis*>ge ( its duties4 ,all dep>tm5ts1 ag5cies1 & in/rum5talities ( ! executive bran* ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t %all coop]ate ) ! ,commission ) respect to su* in=mation & %all furni% all in=mation reque/$ by ! ,commission to ! ext5t p]mitt$ by law4 7f7 ,t]m9ation ,! ,commission %all t]m9ate #ij days aft] ! date on :i* ! ,commission submits its report to ! ,congress "u subsection 7c74 7g7 ,au?orization ( appropriations 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ #aj1jjj1jjj to c>ry out ?is section4 7#b7 ,availability ,am\nts appropriat$ pursuant to ! au?orization "u p>agraph 7#a7 are au?oriz$ to rema9 available until ! t]m9ation ( ! ,commission 9 accordance ) subsection 7f74