,,ii #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #fg ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,february #ab1 #bjai ,mr4 ,menendez 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,gardner1 and ,mr4 ,markey7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,,resolution ,expressing the sense of the ,senate on the importance and vitality of the ,united ,states alliances with ,japan and the ,republic of ,korea1 and our trilateral cooperation in the pursuit of shared interests4 ,whereas the governments and the people of the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea share comprehensive and dynamic partnerships and personal friendships rooted in shared interests and the common values of freedom1 democracy1 and free market economies2 ,whereas the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea are all free societies committed to the principles of inclusive democracy1 respect for human potential1 and the belief that the peaceful spread of these principles will result in a safer and brighter future for all of mankind2 ,whereas the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea are indispensable partners in tackling global challenges and have pledged significant support for efforts to counter violent extremism1 combat the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction1 prevent piracy1 improve global health and energy security1 promote human rights1 address climate change1 contribute to economic development around the world1 and assist the victims of conflict and disaster worldwide2 ,whereas the governments and the people of the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea all share a commitment to free and open markets1 high standards for the free flow of commerce and trade1 and the establishment of an inclusive1 transparent1 and sustainable architecture for regional and global trade and development2 ,whereas the ,united ,states-,japan and the ,united ,states-,republic of ,korea alliances are the foundation of regional stability in ,asia1 including against the threat posed by the regime in ,pyongyang2 ,whereas cooperation between and among our nations spans economic1 energy1 diplomatic1 security1 and cultural spheres2 ,whereas the ,united ,states and ,japan established diplomatic relations on ,march #ca1 #ahed1 with the signing of the ,treaty of ,peace and ,amity2 ,whereas the relationship between the peoples of the ,united ,states and the ,republic of ,korea stretches back to ,korea's ,chosun ,dynasty1 when the ,united ,states and ,korea established diplomatic relations under the #ahhb ,treaty of ,peace1 ,amity1 ,commerce1 and ,navigation2 ,whereas #bjai marks the #gdth anniversary of the end of ,world ,war ,,ii1 a conflict in which the ,united ,states and ,japan were enemies1 and the strength of the ,united ,states-,japan alliance is a testament to the ability of great countries to overcome the past and to work together to create a more secure and prosperous future2 ,whereas the ,united ,states-,korea alliance was forged in blood1 with ,united ,states military casualties during the ,korean ,war of approximately #cf1egd killed and more than #ajc1bhd wounded1 and with ,republic of ,korea casualties of more than #bag1jjj soldiers killed1 more than #bia1jjj soldiers missing1 and over #a1jjj1jjj civilians killed or missing2 ,whereas1 for the past #gj years1 the partnership between the ,united ,states and ,japan has played a vital role1 both in ,asia and globally1 in ensuring peace1 stability1 and economic development2 ,whereas1 approximately #ej1jjj ,united ,states military personnel serve in ,japan1 along with some of the ,united ,states most advanced defense assets1 including the #gth ,fleet and the ,,uss ,ronald ,reagan1 the only ,united ,states aircraft carrier to be homeported outside the ,united ,states2 ,whereas1 since the ,mutual ,defense ,treaty ,between the ,united ,states and the ,republic of ,korea1 signed in ,washington on ,october #a1 #aiec1 and ratified by the ,senate on ,january #bf1 #aied1 ,united ,states military personnel have maintained a continuous presence on the ,korean ,peninsula1 and approximately #bh1ejj ,united ,states troops are stationed in the ,republic of ,korea in #bjai2 ,whereas the ,united ,states and the ,republic of ,korea have stood alongside each other in the four major wars the ,united ,states has fought outside ,korea since ,world ,war ,,ii--in ,vietnam1 the ,persian ,gulf1 ,afghanistan1 and ,iraq2 ,whereas ,japan is the fourth-largest ,united ,states trading partner and together with the ,united ,states represents #cj percent of global ,gross ,domestic ,product1 and ,japanese firms have invested #dfi1jjj1jjj1jjj in the ,united ,states2 ,whereas1 the economic relationship between the ,united ,states and its sixth-largest trading partner1 the ,republic of ,korea1 has been facilitated by the ,united ,states-,korea ,free ,trade ,agreement 7,,korus71 which entered into force on ,march #ae1 #bjab1 and was amended as of ,january #a1 #bjai1 includes #ceh1jjj jobs in the ,united ,states that are directly related to exports to the ,republic of ,korea1 and has resulted in more than #dj1jjj1jjj1jjj in investments by ,korean firms in the ,united ,states2 ,whereas ,japan and the ,republic of ,korea stand as strong partners of the ,united ,states in efforts to ensure maritime security and freedom of navigation1 commerce1 and overflight and to uphold respect for the rule of law and to oppose the use of coercion1 intimidation1 or force to change the regional or global status quo1 including in the maritime domains of the ,indo-,pacific1 which are among the busiest waterways in the world2 ,whereas the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea are committed to working together towards a world where the ,democratic ,people's ,republic of ,korea 7in this preamble referred to as the ,,dprk7 does not threaten global peace and security with its weapons of mass destruction1 missile proliferation1 and illicit activities1 and where the ,,dprk respects human rights and its people can live in freedom2 ,whereas section #baa of the ,north ,korea ,sanctions and ,policy ,enhancement ,act of #bjaf 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #ibca2 ,public ,law #aad-abb7 expresses the sense of ,congress that the ,president should seek to strengthen high-level trilateral mechanisms for discussion and coordination of policy toward ,north ,korea between the ,government of the ,united ,states1 the ,government of ,south ,korea1 and the ,government of ,japan2 ,whereas the ,asia ,reassurance ,initiative ,act of #bjah 7,public ,law #aae-dji7 underscores the importance of trilateral defense cooperation and enforcement of multilateral sanctions against ,north ,korea and calls for regular consultation with ,congress on the status of such efforts2 ,whereas the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea have made great strides in promoting trilateral cooperation and defense partnership1 including ministerial meetings1 information sharing1 and cooperation on ballistic missile defense exercises to counter ,north ,korean provocations2 ,whereas ,japanese ,americans and ,korean ,americans have made invaluable contributions to the security1 prosperity1 and diversity of our ,nation1 including service as our elected representatives in the ,senate and in the ,house of ,representatives2 and ,whereas the ,united ,states ,government looks forward to continuing to deepen our enduring partnerships with ,japan and the ,republic of ,korea on economic1 security1 and cultural issues1 as well as embracing new opportunities for bilateral and trilateral partnerships and cooperation on emerging regional and global challenges3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate reaffirms the importance of-- 7#a7 the vital role of the alliances between the ,united ,states and ,japan and the ,united ,states and the ,republic of ,korea in promoting peace1 stability1 and security in the ,indo-,pacific region1 including through ,united ,states extended deterrence1 and reaffirms the commitment of the ,united ,states to defend ,japan1 including all areas under the administration of ,japan1 under ,article ,v of the ,treaty of ,mutual ,cooperation and ,security ,between the ,united ,states of ,america and ,japan1 and to defend the ,republic of ,korea under ,article ,,iii of the ,mutual ,defense ,treaty ,between the ,united ,states and the ,republic of ,korea2 7#b7 a constructive and forward-looking relationship between ,japan and the ,republic of ,korea for ,united ,states diplomatic1 economic1 and security interests and for open and inclusive architecture to support the development of a secure1 stable1 and prosperous ,indo-,pacific region2 7#c7 strengthening and broadening diplomatic1 economic1 security1 and people-to-people ties between and among the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea2 7#d7 developing and implementing a strategy to deepen the trilateral diplomatic and security cooperation between the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea1 including through diplomatic engagement1 regional development1 energy security1 scientific and health partnerships1 educational and cultural exchanges1 missile defense1 intelligence-sharing1 space1 cyber1 and other diplomatic and defense-related initiatives2 7#e7 trilateral cooperation with members of the ,united ,nations ,security ,council and other ,member ,states to fully and effectively enforce sanctions against the ,democratic ,people's ,republic of ,korea 7in this resolution referred to as the ,,dprk7 and evaluate additional and meaningful new measures toward the ,,dprk under ,article #da of the ,united ,nations ,charter2 7#f7 trilateral cooperation to support and uphold a rules-based trade and economic order in the ,indo-,pacific region1 including the empowerment of women1 which is vital for the prosperity of all our nations2 7#g7 supporting the expansion of academic and cultural exchanges among the three nations1 especially efforts to encourage ,japanese and ,korean students to study at universities in the ,united ,states1 and vice versa1 to deepen people-to-people ties2 and 7#h7 continued cooperation among the governments of the ,united ,states1 ,japan1 and the ,republic of ,korea to promote human rights4