,,iii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 ,,res4 #fjb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #b1 #bjbj,mr4   
,book] 7= ,mr4 ,m>key 7= himself1 ,mr4  
,book]1 ,ms4 ,w>r51 ,mr4 ,van ,holl51 & 
,mr4 ,s&]s77 submitt$ ! foll[+          
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ! ,judici>y  ,,resolution           
,recogniz+ t ! murd] ( ,george ,floyd by
 (fic]s ( ! ,m9neapolis ,police         
,dep>tm5t is ! result ( p]vasive &      
sy/emic racism t _c be dismantl$ )\t1   
among o!r ?+s1 prop] r$ress 9 ! c\rts4  
,:]eas ,black p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are   
disproportionately ! victims ( %oot+s1  
*okeholds1 & o!r uses ( excessive =ce by
 law en=cem5t (fic]s2 ,:]eas ! use (    
excessive =ce dur+ an arre/ or          
inve/igatory /op con/itutes an          
unreasonable seizure "u ! ,f\r? ,am5dm5t
 to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1   
:i* gu>antees ! "r ( e p]son 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates to be free f unreasonable se>*es 
& seizures at ! h&s ( law en=cem5t      
(fic]s2 ,:]eas ! use ( excessive =ce    

dur+ a p]iod ( pretrial det5tion        
con/itutes ! deprivation ( due process  
"u ! ,fif? & #ad? ,am5dm5ts to !        
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i*     
gu>antee ! "r ( e p]son 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates to be free f arbitr>y int]f]5ce )
 ! lib]ty ( t p]son at ! h&s ( law      
en=cem5t (fic]s2 ,:]eas ! use (         
excessive =ce dur+ a t]m ( imprisonm5t  
con/itutes ! use ( cruel & unusual      
puni%m5t "u ! ,eigh? ,am5dm5t to !      
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i*     
gu>antees ! "r ( e p]son 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates to be free f cruel & unusual     
puni%m5t at ! h&s ( law en=cem5t (fic]s2
 ,:]eas section #aigi ( ! ,revis$       
,/atutes 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aihc71 :i* is  
d]iv$ f ! fir/ section ( ! ,act ( ,april
 #bj1 #ahga 7commonly kn[n z & ref]r$ to
 9 ?is preamble z ! ,civil ,rights ,act 
( #ahga7 7#ag ,/at4 #ac1 *apt] #bb71    
makes liable e p]son1 includ+ police    
(fic]s1 correctional (fic]s1 & o!r law  
en=cem5t (fic]s1 :o1 "u color ( law1    
deprives ano!r p]son ( civil rights2    

,:]eas ! judicial doctr9e ( qualifi$    
immunity wrongly & unju/ly precludes !  
victims ( police viol5ce f v9dicat+ !   
rights ( ^? victims "u section #aigi ( !
 ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db ,u4,s4,c4        
#aihc7-- 7#a7 by effectively immuniz+   
law en=cem5t (fic]s f civil suit unless 
a prior c\rt case has cle>ly e/abli%$ t 
! *all5g$ use ( excessive =ce is        
illegal2 &  7#b7 by n>r[ly con/ru+ !    
cle>ly e/abli%$ /&>d s t any factual or 
contextual di/9ctions betwe5 ! *all5g$  
use ( excessive =ce & ! use ( excessive 
=ce 9 a prior case1 ev5 small or        
insignificant di/9ctions1 are cause =   
qualifi$ immunity ) respect to ! *all5g$
 use ( excessive =ce2 ,:]eas ! def5se ( 
qualifi$ immunity has no hi/orical      
common law basis2 ,:]eas ! int5t (      
,congress 9 enact+ ! ,civil ,rights ,act
 ( #ahga 0 to hold ,/ate & local law    
en=cem5t (fic]s acc\ntable = intimidat+1
 h>m+1 & murd]+ ,black p 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates aft] ! ,civil ,w>2 ,:]eas1 9     
#bjag1 ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ice ,cl>5ce   

,?omas recogniz$ t ! def5se ( qualifi$  
immunity has no textual basis 9 section 
#aigi ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #aihc7 & !reby repres5ts      
precisely ! sort ( free:eel+ policy     
*oice t c\rts h previ\sly disclaim$ !   
p[] to make2 ,:]eas ! c\rts ( appeals ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates are m likely ?an n to   
grant qualifi$ immunity to law en=cem5t 
(fic]s2 ,:]eas1 9 #bjah1 ,supreme ,c\rt 
,ju/ice ,sonia ,sotomayor ackn[l$g$ t ! 
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates r\t9ely
 displays an unfl9*+ will+ness to rev]se
 decisions ( ! c\rts ( appeals ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates d5y+ qualifi$ immunity to 
law en=cem5t (fic]s2 ,:]eas ! lack (    
acc\ntability t results f qualifi$      
immunity ar\ses fru/ration1             
disappo9tm5t1 & ang] ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$   
,/ates1 :i* discr$its & endang]s ! va/  
majority ( law en=cem5t (fic]s1 :o d n  
engage 9 ! use excessive =ce2 ,:]eas a  
civil action "u section #aigi ( !       
,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aihc7  
is (t5 ! only viable solution = victims 

( police viol5ce & ! families ( ^?      
victims to hold law en=cem5t (fic]s     
acc\ntable = ! use ( excessive =ce      
because crim9al prosecutors are         
reluctant to *>ge1 & juries are hesitant
 to convict1 law en=cem5t (fic]s2 &     
,:]eas ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has
 e/abli%$ itself z a gov]nm5t ( laws1 & 
n ( m51 b w cease to be s if x does n   
furni% a viable rem$y = all civil rights
 violations3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t !      
,s5ate-- 7#a7 recognizes & ackn[l$ges ! 
legal & racial inequities inh]5t 9 !    
judicial doctr9e ( qualifi$ immunity z t
 doctr9e is appli$ to law en=cem5t      
(fic]s2  7#b7 recognizes & ackn[l$ges t 
! doctr9e ( qualifi$ immunity re/s on a 
mi/ak5 judicial int]pretation ( a /atute
 enact$ by ,congress2 &  7#c7 recognizes
 & ackn[l$ges t1 to correct t mi/ak5    
judicial int]pretation1 ,congress %\ld  
am5d section #aigi ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aihc7 to elim9ate !     
qualifi$ immunity def5se = law en=cem5t 
(fic]s z t def5se exi/s z ( ,june #a1   

#bjbj4