,,iii #aaf? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #eff ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,may #g1 #bjbj,mr4 ,m55dez 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,ris*1 & ,mr4 ,durb97 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ,,resolution ,commemorat+ ! #hj? ,anniv]s>y ( ! ,katyn ,massacre4 ,:]eas1 on ,augu/ #bc1 #aici1 ,nazi ,g]many & ! ,soviet ,union secretly pl$g$ nonaggression t[>d "o ano!r ?r\gh ! ,molotov-,ribb5trop ,pact1 9 :i* !y divid$ ,pol& betwe5 !mselves2 ,:]eas ,nazi ,g]many invad$ ,pol& f ! we/ on ,septemb] #a1 #aici1 & ! ,soviet ,union invad$ ,pol& f ! ea/ on ,septemb] #ag1 #aici2 ,:]eas ov] #fj1jjj ,poli% soldi]s di$ 9 combat def5d+ ,pol& f ^! invasions2 ,:]eas1 aft] ! ,r$ ,army invad$ ,pol&1 x captur$ ?\s&s ( ,poli% milit>y p]sonnel & civilians1 _m ( :om _h fl$ ea/ f ! ,nazi invasion2 ,:]eas ! ,soviet ,p's ,commiss>iat = ,int]nal ,affairs1 or ,,nkvd1 took *>ge ( ! ,poli% prison]s f ! ,r$ ,army & transf]r$ !m to ! ,kozelsk1 ,/>obilsk1 & ,o/a%kov int]nm5t camps 9 ! we/]n ,soviet ,union1 :]e _m 7 subject to l5g?y int]rogations2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #e1 #aidj1 ,soviet ,g5]al ,secret>y ,josef ,/al9 & ?ree ,soviet ,politburo memb]s sign$ an ,,nkvd ord] to execute ne>ly #bb1jjj prison]s by %oot+ t also id5tifi$ m ?an #aj1jjj additional ,poli% prison]s = possible execution2 ,:]eas1 9 ,april & ,may #aidj1 ! ,,nkvd summ>ily execut$ ! condemn$ ,poli% prison]s at sev]al sites 9 ! ,soviet ,union1 includ+ at ! ,katyn ,=e/ we/ ( ,smol5sk 9 ! ,russian ,soviet ,f$]ative ,sociali/ ,republic1 & buri$ !m 9 mass graves2 ,:]eas1 9 ,april #aidc1 occupy+ ,nazi troops discov]$ eight mass graves 9 ! ,katyn ,=e/ ) ! rema9s ( _m ( ^? ,poli% prison]s2 ,:]eas1 foll[+ ?is discov]y 9 ! ,katyn ,=e/1 ! mass executions by ! ,soviets ( ! ,poli% prison]s f all ?ree camps became kn[n z ! ,katyn ,massacre2 ,:]eas ! #ba1hib victims ( ! ,katyn ,massacre includ$ milit>y (fic]s1 *apla9s1 pr(essors1 doctors1 lawy]s1 eng9e]s1 tea*]s1 j\rnali/s1 & refugees1 _m ( :om 7 milit>y res]vi/s :o _h be5 mobiliz$ z a result ( ! ,nazi invasion2 ,:]eas betwe5 #gjj & #ijj ,poli% ,jews 7 kill$ 9 ! ,katyn ,massacre2 ,:]eas ! ,soviet ,union falsely blam$ ,nazi ,g]many = ! massacre & broke (f diplomatic relations ) ! ,poli% gov]nm5t-9-exile foll[+ a reque/ by ! gov]nm5t-9-exile t ! ,int]national ,committee ( ! ,r$ ,cross exam9e ! ,katyn mass graves2 ,:]eas an int]national m$ical commission excavat$ ! area 9 ,spr+ #aidc & det]m9$ t ! massacre occurr$ 9 #aidj1 :5 ! area 0 "u ,soviet control2 ,:]eas ! ,soviet ,union cont9u$ to d5y responsibility = ! ,katyn ,massacre1 blam+ ! ,nazis & conceal+ evid5ce ( its guilt1 = ne>ly #ej ye>s2 ,:]eas1 on ,septemb] #ah1 #aiea1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives e/abli%$ ! ,select ,committee to ,conduct an ,inve/igation & ,/udy ( ! ,facts1 ,evid5ce1 & ,circum/ances ( ! ,katyn ,=e/ ,massacre1 :i* is ref]r$ to z ! ,madd5 ,committee2 ,:]eas1 aft] review+ witness te/imony & relevant docum5ts1 ! ,madd5 ,committee unanim\sly f\nd t ! ,,nkvd1 & ?us ! ,soviet ,union1 0 responsible = ! executions & recomm5d$ a trial be=e ! ,int]national ,_w ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice2 ,:]eas s*ol>s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,unit$ ,k+dom publi%$ books & articles demon/rat+ ! tru? ( ! ,katyn ,massacre dur+ ! decades ( ,soviet d5ial2 ,:]eas1 9 ,pol& 9 #aiha1 ! ,solid>ity movem5t erect$ a memorial ) ! inscription ,katyn1 #aidj t ! ,communi/ gov]nm5t remov$ & replac$ ) a memorial falsely blam+ ! ,nazis = ! massacre2 ,:]eas1 9 #aihh1 demon/rators m>*$ 9 ,w>saw to dem& an (ficial inquiry into ! ,katyn ,massacre2 ,:]eas1 on ,april #ac1 #aiij1 #ej ye>s aft] ! executions ( ! ,poli% prison]s & #dg ye>s s9ce ! day ! discov]y ( ! mass graves 0 ann\nc$1 ! ,soviet gov]nm5t issu$ a /atem5t accept+ responsibility = ! ,katyn ,massacre & call+ x "o ( ! mo/ he9\s crimes ( ,/al9ism2 ,:]eas on t day ,soviet ,presid5t ,mikhail ,gorba*ev gave ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,pol& copies ( ,soviet ar*ival mat]ials p]ta9+ to ! execut$ prison]s t confirm$ ,soviet responsibility = ! massacre2 ,:]eas1 9 rec5t mon?s1 ,presid5t ,vladimir ,put9 & o!r ,russian (ficials h attempt$ to propagate a false n>rative t ,pol& 0 responsible = ! outbreak ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ignor+ ! facts ( ! ,molotov-,ribb5trop ,pact & ! coord9at$ ,nazi & ,soviet invasions ( ,pol&2 ,:]eas1 9 ,octob] #bjai1 ,russian (ficials ord]$ ! removal ( a plaque at a =m] regional ,,nkvd headqu>t]s 9 ,tv] commemorat+ ! e/imat$ #f1jjj ,poles murd]$ 9 ! build+ z "p ( ! ,katyn ,massacre2 ,:]eas ,presid5t ,put9 & ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation use ^! hi/orical revisioni/ n>ratives1 includ+ false accusations ab\t ,poli% responsibility = ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 z a tool 9 _! attempt to :itewa% ,soviet hi/ory1 elevate ,russia's int]national position1 & s[ political discord among its neighbors & adv]s>ies2 ,:]eas ! ,katyn ,massacre fits into a l>g] patt]n ( ,communi/ gov]nm5ts ar\nd ! _w p]secut+ _! citiz5s & d5y+ _! p fre$om1 :i* has result$ 9 ! dea?s ( up to #ajj1jjj1jjj p s9ce ! ,russian ,revolution ( #aiag2 & ,:]eas ! ye> #bjbj m>ks ! #hj? anniv]s>y ( ! ,katyn ,massacre3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,s5ate-- 7#a7 honors ! lives & legacies ( ! approximately #bb1jjj ,poli% soldi]s & civilians :o 7 murd]$ by ! ,soviet ,p's ,commiss>iat = ,int]nal ,affairs1 or ,,nkvd1 dur+ ! ,katyn ,massacre #hj ye>s ago2 7#b7 recognizes ! witnesses1 s*ol>s1 activi/s1 & demon/rators :o f\ght to br+ ! tru? ( ! ,katyn ,massacre to light 9 ! face ( ! cov]-up campaign or*e/rat$ by ! ,soviet ,union2 7#c7 condemns bo? pa/ & pres5t attempts to cov] up tru? ( ! ,katyn ,massacre2 7#d7 condemns broad] ef=ts by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation to spread dis9=mation ab\t ! hi/ory ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii2 & 7#e7 enc\rages education ab\t ! facts ( ! ,katyn ,massacre1 includ+ ! horrors ( ! massacre itself & subsequ5t attempts to d5y x or cov] x up4