,,iii #aaf? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #deh ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,decemb] #ai1 #bjai,mr4 ,lank=d 7= himself & ,mr4 ,coons7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations ,,resolution ,call+ = ! global repeal ( blasphemy1 h]esy1 & apo/asy laws4 ,:]eas ,article #ah ( ! ,int]national ,decl>ation ( ,human ,rights /ates t ev]yone has ! "r to fre$om ( ?\ght1 consci5ce & religion2 ?is "r includes fre$om to *ange 8 religion or belief1 & fre$om1 ei!r alone or 9 community ) o!rs & 9 public or private1 to manife/ 8 religion or belief 9 tea*+1 practice1 wor%ip & obs]vance2 ,:]eas _m c\ntries cont9ue to h crim9al blasphemy laws & puni% p :o engage 9 expression deem$ by ! gov]nm5t to be blasphem\s1 h]etical1 apo/ate1 defamatory ( religion1 or insult+ to religion or to religi\s symbols1 figures1 or feel+s1 & su* puni%m5t c include f9es1 imprisonm5t1 & capital puni%m5t includ+ by behead+2 ,:]eas blasphemy laws h affect$ ,*ri/ians1 ,muslims1 ,h9dus1 ,baha'i1 secul>i/s1 & _m o!r gr\ps1 are inconsi/5t ) int]national human rights /&>ds because !y e/abli% & promote (ficial religi\s or?odoxy & dogma ov] individual lib]ty1 & (t5 result 9 violations ( ! fre$oms ( religion1 ?\ght1 & expression t are protect$ "u int]national in/rum5ts1 includ+ ,articles #ah & #ai ( ! ,int]national ,cov5ant on ,civil & ,political ,rights 7,,iccpr72 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,nations ,human ,rights ,committee /at$ 9 ,g5]al ,comm5t #cd t prohibitions ( displays ( lack ( respect = a religion or o!r belief sy/em1 includ+ blasphemy laws1 are incompatible ) ! ,,iccpr42 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission on ,int]national ,religi\s ,fre$om 7,,uscirf7 has f\nd t blasphemy *>ges are (t5 bas$ on false accusations1 are us$ = sect>ian or political purposes1 & fo/] religi\s intol]ance1 discrim9ation1 & viol5ce2 ,:]eas ,,uscirf has f\nd t at lea/ #gj c\ntries _h blasphemy laws z ( #bjah2 ,:]eas ^! laws 7 pres5t 9 #ah ,middle ,ea/ & ,nor? ,african c\ntries1 #h c\ntries 9 ! ,am]icas1 #ah ,asia-,pacific c\ntries1 #ad ,european c\ntries1 & #ab ,sub-,sah>an ,african c\ntries2 ,:]eas ! ,pew ,rese>* ,c5t] f\nd t c\ntries ) laws aga9/ blasphemy1 apo/asy1 or defamation ( religion 7 m likely to h sev]e gov]nm5tal re/rictions on religion1 & to exp]i5ce social ho/ilities bas$ on religion1 ?an c\ntries t did n h su* laws2 ,:]eas re/rictive laws beyond ^? p5aliz+ blasphemy1 h]esy1 & apo/asy fur!r limit religi\s fre$om1 su* z extremism laws-- 7#a7 9 ,russia t h be5 us$ to ban ,jehovah's ,witnesses z an extremi/ organization & fuel$ p]secution ( ?is religi\s gr\p2 7#b7 9 ,*9a1 to arbitr>ily deta9 an e/imat$ #hjj1jjj to #b1jjj1jjj ,uighur ,muslims 9 int]nm5t camps because !y foll[$ ,islamic rituals & practices2 & 7#c7 9 ,nor? ,korea1 to deta9 an e/imat$ #ej1jjj to #gj1jjj ,*ri/ians 9 labor camps because !y foll[$ ! t5ets ( ,*ri/ianity2 ,:]eas an int]national gr\p ( exp]ts conv5$ by ! ,(fice ( ! ,unit$ ,nations ,high ,commission] = ,human ,rights recomm5d$ 9 #bjab t states t h blasphemy laws %\ld repeal !m z su* laws h a /ifl+ impact on ! enjoym5t ( fre$om ( religion or belief & heal?y dialogue & debate ab\t religion42 ,:]eas blasphemy laws are inconsi/5t ) ,unit$ ,nations resolutions adopt$ by cons5sus s9ce #bjaa recogniz+ t religi\s intol]ance is be/ f\ght ?r\gh positive measures1 su* z education1 outrea*1 & c\nt]-spee*1 & t crim9alization ( spee* is w>rant$ only = ! prev5tion ( imm95t viol5ce2 ,:]eas1 accord+ to ! annual religi\s fre$om report publi%$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 9 #bjae1 attack]s 9 ,banglade% kill$ five alleg$ly anti-,islamic or secul>i/ writ]s & publi%]s1 & injur$ ?ree o!rs2 ,:]eas1 9 response to ^! kill+s1 ! ,home ,m9i/] ( ,banglade%1 r ?an condemn+ ! murd]s1 call$ on blogg]s & o!rs to refra9 f writ+s t c\ld hurt ! religi\s feel+s ( o!rs & add$ t violators ( ! w>n+ w\ld be subject to prosecution "u ! re/rictive religi\s fre$om laws ( ,banglade%2 ,:]eas a #bjaf report by ,,uscirf on ,banglade% f\nd t religi\s & civil society gr\ps fe> t increas+ religi\s extremism w result 9 m crim9al attacks & ?reats2 ,:]eas re/rictive religi\s fre$om laws validate & promote social viol5ce t>get$ at religi\s m9orities & diss5t]s1 :e!r ,*ri/ian1 ,muslim1 secul>i/1 or o!r2 ,:]eas ,,uscirf has f\nd t 9 ,paki/an1 blasphemy laws h be5 us$ to prosecute & p]secute ,muslims1 ,*ri/ians1 secul>i/s1 & o!rs2 ,:]eas1 accord+ to a ,pew ,c5t] report on religion & public life1 ,paki/an /&s out = hav+ "o ( ! highe/ levels ( re/rictions on religion :5 bo? gov]nm5t re/rictions & social ho/ilities are tak5 into acc\nt2 ,:]eas ,,uscirf has f\nd egregi\s examples ( ! en=cem5t ( blasphemy laws & vigilante viol5ce connect$ to blasphemy allegations 9 ,paki/an1 :]e blasphemy *>ges are common & num]\s individuals are 9 prison1 ) a high p]c5tage s5t5c$ to dea? or to life 9 prison2 ,:]eas1 z ( ,may #bjah1 ,,uscirf 0 aw>e ( approximately #dj individuals on dea? r[ = blasphemy 9 ,paki/an or s]v+ life s5t5ces2 ,:]eas ,asia ,bibi 0 s5t5c$ to dea? = blasphemy 9 #bjaj & 0 held on dea? r[ = #h ye>s1 until ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,paki/an ov]turn$ h] conviction 9 #bjah1 & has s9ce receiv$ asylum 9 ,canada2 ,:]eas ,paki/an selectively en=ces ! blasphemy law aga9/ m9ority religi\s gr\ps1 includ+ specifically t>get+ ! ,ahmadis1 su* z ,abdul ,%akoor1 an #hb-ye> old booksell] :o 0 rec5tly releas$ aft] s]v+ f\r ye>s 9 prison on blasphemy *>ges2 ,:]eas blasphemy laws 9 ,paki/an h fo/]$ a climate ( impunity1 z ^? :o falsify evid5ce g unpuni%$ & allegations (t5 result 9 viol5t mob attacks or assass9ations1 ) little to no police response2 ,:]eas1 9 #bjag1 ! ,*ri/ian ,gov]nor ( ,jak>ta1 ,indonesia1 0 convict$ = blasphemy ( ,islam & s5t5c$ to two ye>s 9 jail2 ,:]eas sev]al c\ntries t ma9ta9$ blasphemy laws h rec5tly tak5 /eps t[>ds remov+ ^! provisions1 includ+ ,greece1 ,irel&1 & ,canada2 ,:]eas blasphemy laws 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 invalidat$ by ! adoption ( ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution1 :i* protects ! fre$oms ( ?\ght1 consci5ce1 expression1 & religi\s ex]cise2 & ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates has become a beacon ( religi\s fre$om & tol]ance ar\nd ! _w3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,s5ate-- 7#a7 recognizes t blasphemy1 h]esy1 & apo/asy laws inappropriately position gov]nm5ts z arbit]s ( religi\s tru? & emp[] (ficials to impose religi\s dogma on individuals or m9orities ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! gov]nm5t or ?r\gh viol5ce sanction$ by ! gov]nm5t2 7#b7 calls on ! ,presid5t & ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to make ! repeal ( blasphemy1 h]esy1 & apo/asy laws a priority 9 ! bilat]al relation%ips ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) all c\ntries t h su* laws1 ?r\gh direct int]v5tions 9 bilat]al & multilat]al =a2 7#c7 enc\rages ! ,presid5t & ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to oppose-- 7,a7 any ef=ts1 by ! ,unit$ ,nations or by o!r int]national or multilat]al =a1 to create an int]national anti-blasphemy norm1 su* z ! defamation ( religions resolutions introduc$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,nations betwe5 #aiii & #bjaj2 & 7,b7 any attempts to exp& ! int]national norm on incitem5t to include blasphemy or defamation ( religions2 7#d7 supports ef=ts by ! ,unit$ ,nations to combat intol]ance1 discrim9ation1 or viol5ce aga9/ p]sons bas$ on religion or belief )\t re/rict+ expression1 includ+ ,unit$ ,nations ,human ,rights ,c\ncil ,resolution #af_/ah 7#bjaa7 & ! ,i/anbul ,process meet+s pursuant to su* resolution1 t are consi/5t ) ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution2 7#e7 calls on ! ,presid5t & ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate to designate c\ntries t en=ce blasphemy1 h]esy1 or apo/asy laws z c\ntries ( p>ticul> conc]n = religi\s fre$om "u section #djb7;b77#a77;,a77ii7 ( ! ,int]national ,religi\s ,fre$om ,act ( #aiih 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #fddb7;b77#a77;,a77ii77 = engag+ 9 or tol]at+ sev]e violations ( religi\s fre$om1 z a result ( ! abuses fl[+ f ! en=cem5t ( su* laws & f unpuni%$ vigilante viol5ce (t5 g5]at$ by blasphemy allegations2 7#f7 urges ! gov]nm5ts ( c\ntries t en=ce blasphemy1 h]esy1 or apo/asy laws to am5d or repeal su* laws1 z !y provide pretext & impunity = vigilante viol5ce aga9/ religi\s m9orities2 & 7#g7 urges ! gov]nm5ts ( c\ntries t h prosecut$1 imprison$1 & p]secut$ p on *>ges ( blasphemy1 h]esy1 or apo/asy to release su* p unconditionally &1 once releas$1 to ensure _! safety & t ( _! families4