,,iii #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #cdb ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,september #be1 #bjai,mr4 ,markey 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,whitehouse1 ,mr4 ,blumenthal1 and ,mr4 ,booker7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,,resolution ,expressing the need for immediate climate action in response to the report of the ,united ,nations ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change entitled ,special ,report on the ,ocean and ,cryosphere in a ,changing ,climate4 ,whereas every person on the planet benefits from a healthy ocean and a stable cryosphere2 ,whereas the ocean covers more than #gj percent of the surface of the ,earth2 ,whereas the cryosphere includes the frozen components of the system of the ,earth1 including snow1 glaciers1 ice sheets1 ice shelves1 icebergs1 sea ice1 and permafrost2 ,whereas glaciers1 ice sheets1 and permanent snow hold approximately #fi percent of the freshwater on ,earth2 ,whereas the ocean generates the oxygen that humans breathe1 regulates the climate and weather patterns1 supplies food1 is a source of cultural value1 supports tourism and trade1 and is an untapped renewable energy resource2 ,whereas the ocean contributes an estimated #a1ejj1jjj1jjj1jjj in value added to the global economy1 including a ,united ,states fishing industry valued at #bab1jjj1jjj1jjj1 which is a critical economic driver in the ,united ,states2 ,whereas the ocean and cryosphere support biodiversity and regulate the global exchange of water1 energy1 and carbon2 ,whereas1 on ,september #be1 #bjai1 the ,united ,nations ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change released a report entitled ,special ,report on the ,ocean and ,cryosphere in a ,changing ,climate 7in this preamble referred to as the ,,srocc72 ,whereas the ,,srocc is the most comprehensive scientific assessment of the effects of climate change on the ocean and coasts and on polar and mountain ecosystems to date2 ,whereas more than #ajj scientists from #cf countries produced the ,,srocc1 and the ,,srocc was reviewed by thousands of scientific experts from around the world2 ,whereas1 according to the ,,srocc-- 7#a7 since #aigj1 the ocean has taken up more than #ij percent of excess heat in the climate system1 and the ocean has warmed as a direct result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions2 7#b7 from #aihb to #bjaf1 marine heatwaves very likely doubled in frequency1 and marine heatwaves are very likely to become longer-lasting1 more intense1 and more extensive2 7#c7 since #aiic1 the rate of ocean warming has more than doubled2 7#d7 since the #aihjs1 the ocean has very likely absorbed up to #cj percent of total anthropogenic carbon1 causing the ocean to become more acidic2 7#e7 the ocean is losing oxygen at an unprecedented rate1 and oxygen loss will very likely emerge over #ei to #hj percent of the ocean surface by #bjca through #bjej2 7#f7 since the #aihjs1 harmful algal blooms have expanded and increased in frequency in coastal environments as a result of ocean warming1 acidification1 and oxygen loss2 7#g7 in some regions1 fish and shellfish stocks are already on the brink of collapsing2 7#h7 environmental stressors1 such as ocean acidification1 oxygen loss1 and warming ocean temperatures1 are expected to further compromise the abundance1 productivity1 and food-web interactions of species2 7#i7 the decrease in biodiversity and decline and shifts in distribution of fisheries will affect the livelihoods and food security of coastal communities2 7#aj7 warmer ocean temperatures are fueling extreme weather events2 7#aa7 rare extreme sea level events are expected to occur frequently by #bjej2 7#ab7 in the absence of significant adaptation efforts1 extreme events associated with sea level rise1 such as erosion1 flooding1 and salinization1 are expected to significantly increase2 7#ac7 during the #bjth century1 nearly #ej percent of coastal wetlands were lost1 and #bj to #ij percent of coastal wetlands are projected to be lost by #bajj as a result of sea level rise and habitat degradation2 7#ad7 coastal blue carbon ecosystems can contribute to climate mitigation by storing carbon2 7#ae7 river runoff in snow-dominated and glacier-fed basins are projected to change in response to projected snow cover and glacier decline2 7#af7 glacial and snow meltwater reductions have resulted in reduced water supply1 declined agriculture productivity1 and increased wildfires in mountain regions and the ,arctic2 7#ag7 tourism and outdoor recreation activities have been negatively affected by the cryosphere decline2 7#ah7 ,arctic sea ice is declining in all months of the year and summers free of sea ice are increasingly likely under #b degrees ,celsius of global warming2 7#ai7 in the last #b decades1 ,arctic surface air temperatures have likely increased by more than double the global average1 resulting in more sea ice and snow cover loss2 and 7#bj7 widespread thaw and degradation of permafrost is projected to occur this century and is anticipated to release tens to hundreds of billions of tons of carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere2 ,whereas the ,united ,states is already facing the consequences of inaction on climate change2 ,whereas communities of color1 indigenous communities1 and low-income communities often face the disproportionate effects of inaction on climate change2 ,whereas reducing greenhouse gas emissions1 transitioning to a clean energy economy1 and investing in climate adaptation efforts can support good-paying jobs2 ,whereas1 in #bjah1 the ,united ,nations ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change released a special report entitled ,global ,warming of #a4e ,c1 which found that to limit global warming to #a4e degrees ,celsius1 net global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced to #de percent below #bjaj levels by #bjcj and #ajj percent below #bjaj levels1 or net zero1 by #bjej2 and ,whereas1 as ,congress enacts policies to put the ,united ,states on a path to net-zero emissions1 there is an opportunity and need for the ocean to be part of the climate solution3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate-- 7#a7 recognizes and accepts the findings of the report of the ,united ,nations ,intergovernmental ,panel on ,climate ,change entitled ,special ,report on the ,ocean and ,cryosphere in a ,changing ,climate2 7#b7 commits to supporting ocean-centric solutions to the climate crisis in conjunction with policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions2 and 7#c7 affirms that immediate action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to protect the health of the ocean and the stability of the cryosphere4