,,iii #aaf? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #bfa ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,june #bd1 #bjai,mr4 ,book] 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,mr4 ,c>p]1 ,mr4 ,coons1 ,ms4 ,klobu*>1 ,mrs4 ,fe9/e91 ,mr4 ,durb91 ,mr4 ,ka9e1 & ,mr4 ,br[n7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions ,,resolution ,recogniz+ ! contributions ( ,african ,am]icans to ! musical h]itage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ne$ = great] access to music education = ,african-,am]ican /ud5ts1 & express+ support = ! designation ( ,june z ,african-,am]ican ,music ,appreciation ,mon?4 ,:]eas spirituals1 ragtime1 blues1 jazz1 gospel1 classical composition1 & c\ntless o!r categories ( music h be5 creat$ or enhanc$ by ,african ,am]icans1 & are et*$ into ! hi/ory & culture ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas ! fir/ ,africans transport$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates came f a v>iety ( e?nic gr\ps ) a long hi/ory ( di/9ct & cultivat$ musical traditions1 br\ght musical in/rum5ts ) !m1 & built new musical in/rum5ts 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas spirituals 7 a di/9ct response to ! conditions ( ,african slav]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & express$ ! long+ ( enslav$ p = spiritual & bodily fre$om1 = safety f h>m & evil1 & = relief f ! h>d%ips ( slav]y2 ,:]eas jazz1 arguably ! mo/ creative & complex music t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has produc$1 comb9es ! musical traditions ( ,african ,am]icans 9 ,new ,orleans ) ! creative flexibility ( blues music2 ,:]eas ma/]ful trumpet]s ,l\is ,arm/rong & ,miles ,davis a*iev$ national & int]national recognition ) ! success ( ,we/ ,end ,blues by ,l\is ,arm/rong 9 ! #aibjs & ,s ,:at by ,miles ,davis 9 ! late #aiejs2 ,:]eas tal5t$ jazz piani/ & vocali/ ,na?aniel ,adams ,coles record$ m ?an #aej s+les & sold m ?an #ej million records2 ,:]eas ! tal5t ( ,ella ,fitzg]ald1 w9n] ( #ac ,grammys1 is epitomiz$ by a r5dition ( 8,summ]time01 a bluesy record accompani$ by melodic vocals2 ,:]eas ,natalie ,cole1 ! daught] ( ,na?aniel ,adams ,coles1 a*iev$ musical success 9 ! mid-#aigjs z a rhy?m & blues arti/ ) ! hits ,?is ,w ,be & ,un=gettable2 ,:]eas 9 ! #aidjs1 bebop evolv$ ?r\gh jam sessions1 :i* includ$ trumpet] ,dizzy ,gillespie & ! alto saxophoni/ ,*>lie ,p>k]1 t 7 held at clubs 9 ,h>lem1 ,new ,york1 su* z ,m9ton's ,playh\se2 ,:]eas e>li] classical s+]s su* z ,elizabe? ,taylor ,gre5field1 "o ( ! fir/ widely kn[n ,african-,am]ican vocali/s1 & o!r e>ly ,african-,am]ican s++ pione]s1 includ+ ,nellie ,mit*ell ,br[n1 ,m>ie ,selika ,williams1 ,ra*el ,walk] ,turn]1 ,m>ian ,&]son1 & ,flora ,batson ,b]g51 pav$ ! way = female ,african-,am]ican conc]t s+]s :o h a*iev$ great popul>ity dur+ ! la/ #ej ye>s2 ,:]eas ! t]m rhy?m & blues orig9at$ 9 ! late #aidjs z a way to describe record+s m>ket$ to ,african ,am]icans & replac$ ! t]m race music2 ,:]eas lyrical !mes 9 rhy?m & blues (t5 encapsulate ! ,african-,am]ican exp]i5ce ( pa91 ! que/ = fre$om1 joy1 triumphs & failures1 relation%ips1 economics1 & aspiration1 & 7 popul>iz$ by arti/s su* z ,ray ,*>les1 ,ru? ,br[n1 ,etta ,james1 & ,otis ,r$d+2 ,:]eas s\l music orig9at$ 9 ! ,african-,am]ican community 9 ! late #aiejs & e>ly #aifjs & comb9es elem5ts ( ,african-,am]ican gospel music1 rhy?m & blues1 & jazz1 & 0 popul>iz$ by arti/s su* z ,are?a ,frankl91 ,james ,br[n1 ,ray ,*>les1 ,sam ,cooke1 & ,jackie ,wilson2 ,:]eas ,mot[n1 f\nd$ z a record label 9 #aiei1 evolv$ into a di/9ctive /yle kn[n = ! ,mot[n ,s\nd1 a bl5d ( pop & s\l musical /yl+s made popul> by prom95t ,black arti/s su* z ,m>v9 ,gaye1 ,james ,mason1 & ,m>y ,wells2 ,:]eas 9 ! e>ly #aigjs1 ! musical /yle ( disco em]g$ & 0 popul>iz$ by programs su* z ,s\l ,tra9 & by arti/s su* z ,donna ,summ]2 ,:]eas reggae is a g5re ( music t orig9at$ 9 ,jamaica 9 ! late #aifjs & incorporates "s ( ! musical elem5ts ( rhy?m & blues1 jazz1 m5to1 calypso1 & ,african music1 & 0 popul>iz$ by arti/s su* z ,bob ,m>ley2 ,:]eas rock & roll 0 develop$ f ,african-,am]ican musical /yles su* z gospel & rhy?m & blues1 & 0 popul>iz$ by arti/s su* z ,*uck ,b]ry1 ,bo ,diddley1 & ,jimi ,h5drix2 ,:]eas rap1 arguably ! mo/ complex & influ5tial =m ( hip-hop culture1 comb9es elem5ts ( ! ,african-,am]ican musical tradition 7blues1 jazz1 & s\l7 ) ,c>ibbean calypso1 dub1 & dance hall reggae2 ,:]eas ! developm5t & popul>ity ( old /yle rap comb9$ confid5t beats ) wordplay & /orytell+1 highlight+ ! /ruggle ( ,african-,am]ican y\? gr[+ up 9 und]res\rc$ neighborhoods2 ,:]eas contempor>y rhy?m & blues1 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! late #aigjs & comb9es elem5ts ( pop1 rhy?m & blues1 s\l1 funk1 hip hop1 gospel1 & electronic dance music 0 popul>iz$ by arti/s su* z ,:itney ,h\/on & ,aaliyah2 ,:]eas ,pr9ce ,rog]s ,nelson1 :o 0 kn[n = electric p]=mances & wide vocal range1 pione]$ music t integrat$ a wide v>iety ( /yles1 includ+ funk1 rock1 contempor>y rhy?m & blues1 new wave1 s\l1 psy*$elia1 & pop2 ,:]eas a rec5t /udy by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education f\nd t only #bh p]c5t ( ,african-,am]ican /ud5ts receive any k9d ( arts education2 ,:]eas ,african-,am]ican /ud5ts scor$ ! l[e/ ( all e?nicities 9 ! mo/ rec5t ,national ,assessm5t = ,educational ,progress arts assessm5t2 ,:]eas /ud5ts :o are eligible = ! s*ool lun* program e/abli%$ "u ! ,ri*>d ,b4 ,russell ,national ,s*ool ,lun* ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #agea et seq47 h significantly l[] scores on ! music portion ( ! ,national ,assessm5t = ,educational ,progress arts assessm5t ?an /ud5ts t are ineligible = t program1 :i* sugge/s t /ud5ts 9 l[-income families are disadvantag$ 9 ! subject ( music2 ,:]eas a rec5t /udy %[$ t ne>ly #b_/c ( music ensemble /ud5ts 7 ,:ite & middle class & only #ae p]c5t 7 ,african-,am]ican2 ,:]eas ! same /udy f\nd t only #g p]c5t ( music tea*] lic5sure c&idates 7 ,african-,am]ican2 & ,:]eas /ud5ts ( color face _m b>ri]s to access+ music education & tra9+1 especially /ud5ts 9 l>ge urban public s*ools3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! ,s5ate recognizes-- 7#a7 ! contributions ( ,african ,am]icans to ! musical h]itage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#b7 ! wide array ( tal5t$ & popul> ,african-,am]ican musical arti/s1 compos]s1 songwrit]s1 & musicians :o are und]recogniz$ = contributions to music2 7#c7 ! a*ievem5ts1 tal5t1 & h>d "w ( ,african-,am]ican pione] arti/s1 & ! ob/acles t ^? arti/s ov]came to ga9 recognition2 7#d7 ! ne$ = ,african-,am]ican /ud5ts to h great] access to & p>ticipation 9 music education 9 s*ools across ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7#e7 ,black ,hi/ory ,mon? & ,african-,am]ican ,music ,appreciation ,mon? z an important "t-- 7,a7 to celebrate ! impact ( ! ,african-,am]ican musical h]itage on ! musical h]itage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 to enc\rage great] access to music education s t ! next g5]ation may cont9ue to greatly contribute to ! musical h]itage ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4