,,iii #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #aai ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,march #ad1 #bjai,mr4 ,brown 7for himself and ,mr4 ,sullivan7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,health1 ,education1 ,labor1 and ,pensions ,,resolution ,supporting the goals of ,world ,tuberculosis ,day to raise awareness about tuberculosis4 ,whereas of the population of the world is infected with the tuberculosis bacterium 7commonly referred to as ,,tb72 ,whereas the ,world ,health ,organization 7commonly referred to as the ,,who7 estimates that #aj1jjj1jjj people developed ,,tb in #bjag1 nine percent of whom were also infected with the human immunodeficiency virus 7commonly referred to as ,,hiv72 ,whereas1 in #bjag1 ,,tb killed an estimated #a1fjj1jjj people1 causing more deaths worldwide than any other single infectious agent2 ,whereas #b_/c of new ,,tb infections in #bjag occurred in ,india1 ,china1 ,indonesia1 the ,philippines1 ,pakistan1 ,nigeria1 ,bangladesh1 and ,south ,africa2 ,whereas ,,tb is a leading killer of people infected with ,,hiv1 and #cjj1jjj people with ,,hiv died of ,,tb in #bjag2 ,whereas additional vulnerable populations at high risk for developing ,,tb include pregnant women and newborns2 ,whereas ,,tb is one of the six leading causes of death among adult women between the ages of #ae and #di in low-income countries1 and women with ,,tb can face stigma1 discrimination1 and in some settings ostracization by their families and communities2 ,whereas the global ,,tb epidemic and the spread of drug-resistant ,,tb present a persistent public health threat to the ,united ,states because the disease does not recognize borders2 ,whereas antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a growing problem worldwide1 and drug-resistant ,,tb can occur when the drugs used to treat ,,tb are misused or mismanaged2 ,whereas studies have demonstrated direct person-to-person transmission of drug-resistant ,,tb2 ,whereas multi-drug resistant ,,tb 7commonly referred to as 8,,mdr-,,tb07 is caused by bacteria with resistance to rifampin and isoniazid1 the two most potent treatments for ,,tb infection2 ,whereas1 according to the #bjah ,,who ,global ,tuberculosis ,report1 in #bjag an estimated #c4e percent of all new ,,tb cases and #ah percent of previously treated cases were ,,mdr-,,tb or rifampin-resistant ,,tb2 ,whereas1 in #bjag1 an estimated #eeh1jjj people around the world developed ,,mdr-,,tb or rifampin-resistant ,,tb1 yet only approximately #be percent of those individuals have been identified and treated2 ,whereas extensively drug-resistant ,,tb 7commonly referred to as 8,,xdr-,,tb07 is a rare type of ,,tb that is resistant to nearly all medicines1 and therefore can be very difficult and expensive to treat1 especially among patients with ,,hiv and acquired immune deficiency syndrome 7commonly referred to as ,,aids72 ,whereas1 according to the #bjah ,,who ,global ,tuberculosis ,report1 in #bjag1 #abg countries reported at least one case of ,,xdr-,,tb2 ,whereas1 in #bjag1 the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention estimated that the cost of treating a single patient with ,,mdr-,,tb in the ,united ,states averaged #afd1jjj1 and the average cost of treating a patient with ,,xdr-,,tb was even higher at #ebf1jjj1 compared with #ai1jjj to treat a patient with drug-susceptible ,,tb2 ,whereas ,,mdr-,,tb and ,,xdr-,,tb cases in the ,united ,states between #bjje and #bjjg collectively cost the health care system an estimated #ec1jjj1jjj1 according to an analysis by the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention2 ,whereas the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention estimates that costs resulting from all forms of ,,tb in the ,united ,states totaled more than #dfj1jjj1jjj in #bjag2 ,whereas1 in a #bjjj report1 the ,institute of ,medicine found that a decrease in ,,tb control funding and the spread of ,,hiv and ,,aids caused a resurgence of ,,tb in the late #aihjs and early #aiijs2 ,whereas a total of #i1aje ,,tb cases were reported in the ,united ,states in #bjag1 representing all #ej ,states and the ,district of ,columbia1 and up to #ac1jjj1jjj people in the ,united ,states are estimated to be living with latent ,,tb infection2 ,whereas #ge percent of ,states have reported an increase in the proportion of complex cases of ,,tb in recent years due to factors such as homelessness1 ,,hiv infection1 drug resistance1 substance abuse1 refugee status1 and other factors2 ,whereas the rate of ,,tb disease in ,african ,americans is eight times higher than the rate in ,white non-,hispanic ,americans1 and significant disparities exist among other minorities in the ,united ,states1 including ,native ,americans and ,alaska ,natives1 ,asian ,americans1 and ,hispanic ,americans1 with #hf percent of all reported ,,tb cases in the ,united ,states in #bjaf occurring in racial or ethnic minorities2 ,whereas1 globally in #bjag1 an estimated #a1jjj1jjj children developed ,,tb and #bcj1jjj children died of ,,tb2 ,whereas smoking greatly increases the risks of contracting ,,tb and ,,tb recurrence and impairs the response to treatment2 ,whereas diabetes is a major risk factor for ,,tb1 and people with diabetes are more likely to develop ,,tb and have a higher risk of death due to ,,tb2 ,whereas bedaquiline is an antibiotic that boosts an ,,mdr-,,tb patient's chance of survival from approximately #ej percent to as much as #hj percent1 and through a public-private partnership1 the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development 7commonly referred to as ,,usaid7 provided approximately #cj1jjj treatments in #aaj countries from #bjae through the end of ,february #bjah2 ,whereas ,bacillus ,calmette-,guerin1 a ,,tb vaccine that is known as ,,bcg1 provides some protection to infants and young children but has had little epidemiologic impact on ,,tb worldwide2 ,whereas there is a critical need for new drugs1 diagnostics1 and vaccines for controlling the global ,,tb epidemic2 ,whereas1 in ,september #bjah1 the ,united ,nations held the first high-level meeting on ,,tb in which #abj countries1 including the ,united ,states1 signed a political declaration committing to accelerating the ,,tb response1 including by increasing funding for ,,tb control programs and research and development efforts1 with the goal of reaching all affected people with ,,tb prevention and care2 ,whereas the enactment of the ,tom ,lantos and ,henry ,j4 ,hyde ,united ,states ,global ,leadership ,against ,,hiv_/,,aids1 ,tuberculosis1 and ,malaria ,reauthorization ,act of #bjjh 7,public ,law #aaj-bic2 #abb ,stat4 #biah71 and the ,comprehensive ,tuberculosis ,elimination ,act of #bjjh 7,public ,law #aaj-cib2 #abb ,stat4 #daie7 provided a historic ,united ,states commitment to the global eradication of ,,tb1 including a commitment to treat #d1ejj1jjj ,,tb patients and #ij1jjj ,,mdr-,,tb patients between #bjji and #bjac and to provide additional treatment through coordinated multilateral efforts2 ,whereas ,,usaid-- 7#a7 provides technical assistance to #bb countries highly burdened by ,,tb to build self-reliance and support the adoption of state-of-the-art ,,tb-related technologies2 7#b7 supports the development of new diagnostic and treatment tools2 and 7#c7 supports research to develop new vaccines and other new methods to combat ,,tb2 ,whereas1 in #bjah1 ,,usaid launched-- 7#a7 a new business model entitled ,global ,accelerator to ,end ,tuberculosis to accelerate progress and build self-reliance with respect to ,,tb prevention and treatment2 and 7#b7 a new mechanism to directly support local organizations in priority countries2 ,whereas ,,tb incidence in the countries that receive bilateral ,,tb funding from the ,united ,states through ,,usaid has decreased by nearly #a_/d since #bjjj2 ,whereas1 according the ,copenhagen ,consensus ,center1 ,,tb prevention programs return #ef for each dollar invested1 which is one of the highest returns on investment of any health intervention2 ,whereas the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 partnering with other entities of the ,united ,states and individual ,states and territories1 directs the national ,,tb elimination program1 coordinates ,,tb surveillance1 technical assistance1 and prevention activities1 and helps to support the development of new diagnostic1 treatment1 and prevention tools to combat ,,tb2 ,whereas the ,national ,institutes of ,health1 through its many institutes and centers1 plays the leading role in basic and clinical research on the identification1 treatment1 and prevention of ,,tb2 ,whereas the ,global ,fund to ,fight ,,aids1 ,tuberculosis1 and ,malaria 7commonly referred to as the ,global ,fund71 to which the ,united ,states is a top financial donor1 provides more than #fe percent of all international financing for ,,tb programs2 ,whereas1 to date1 ,global ,fund-supported programs have detected and treated more than #ag1djj1jjj cases of ,,tb2 and ,whereas ,march #bd1 #bjai1 is ,world ,tuberculosis ,day1 a day that commemorates the date in #ahhb on which ,dr4 ,robert ,koch announced his discovery of ,mycobacterium tuberculosis1 the bacteria that causes ,,tb3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate-- 7#a7 supports the goals of ,world ,tuberculosis ,day to raise awareness about tuberculosis2 7#b7 commends the progress of tuberculosis elimination efforts by entities that include the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 the ,national ,institutes of ,health1 the ,world ,health ,organization1 and the ,global ,fund to ,fight ,,aids1 ,tuberculosis1 and ,malaria2 and 7#c7 reaffirms the commitment to strengthen the ,united ,states leadership and effectiveness of the global response to tuberculosis with the goal of ending the tuberculosis epidemic4