,,ii ,cal5d> ,no4 #cbc #aaf? ,,congress 
#a/ ,session  ,s4 #iai ,report ,no4     
#aaf-agb ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$
 ,,/ates  ,m>* #bg1 #bjai,mr4 ,cruz 7=  
himself1 ,ms4 ,s9ema1 ,mr4 ,m>key1 ,mr4 
,wick]1 ,mr4 ,pet]s1 & ,mr4 ,scott (    
,florida7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0
 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on 
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation    
,decemb] #aa1 #bjai,report$ by ,mr4     
,wick]1 )\t am5dm5t  ,a ,,bill  ,to     
r$uce regulatory burd5s & /reaml9e      
processes relat$ to comm]cial space     
activities1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort
 title2 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title
 ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,space       
,fronti] ,act ( #bjai4  7b7 ,table (    
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts ( ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table 
( cont5ts4,sec4 #b4 ,def9itions4,title  
,i--,/reaml9+ ,ov]sight ( ,laun* &      
,re5try ,activities,sec4 #aja4 ,(fice ( 
,comm]cial ,space ,transportation4,sec4 
#ajb4 ,use ( exi/+ au?orities4,sec4     
#ajc4 ,exp]im5tal p]mits4,sec4 #ajd4    

,gov]nm5t-develop$ space te*nology4,sec4
 #aje4 ,regulatory re=m4,sec4 #ajf4     
,secret>y ( ,transportation ov]sight &  
coord9ation ( comm]cial laun* & re5try  
op]ations4,sec4 #ajg4 ,/udy on jo9t use 
( spaceports4,sec4 #ajh4 ,airspace      
integration report4,title               
,,ii--,/reaml9+ ,ov]sight (             
,nongov]nm5tal ,e>? ,obs]vation         
,activities,sec4 #bja4 ,nongov]nm5tal   
,e>? obs]vation activities4,sec4 #bjb4  
,radio-frequ5cy mapp+ report4,title     
,,iii--,miscellaneous,sec4 #cja4        
,promot+ fairness & competitiv5ess =    
,,nasa p>tn]%ip opportunities4,sec4     
#cjb4 ,ma9ta9+ a national laboratory 9  
space4,sec4 #cjc4 ,pres5ce 9 l[-,e>?    
orbit4,sec4 #cjd4 ,cont9uation ( !      
,,iss4,sec4 #cje4 ,unit$ ,/ates policy  
on orbital debris4,sec4 #cjf4 ,l[-,e>?  
orbit comm]cialization program4,sec4    
#cjg4 ,bureau ( ,space ,comm]ce4  #b4   
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3  7#a7 ,,iss ,! 
t]m ,,iss means ! ,int]national ,space  
,/ation4  7#b7 ,,nasa ,! t]m ,,nasa     

means ! ,national ,a]onautics & ,space  
,adm9i/ration4  7#c7 ,,noaa ,! t]m      
,,noaa means ! ,national ,oceanic &     
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration4  ,i ,/reaml9+
 ,ov]sight ( ,laun* & ,re5try           
,activities  #aja4 ,(fice ( ,comm]cial  
,space ,transportation  7a7 ,9 g5]al    
,section #ejiba ( title #ea1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--  7#a7 by ins]t+
 7b7 ,au?orization ( appropriations4--  
be=e ,!re & ind5t+ appropriately2 &     
7#b7 by ins]t+ be=e subsection 7b71 !   
foll[+3  7a7 ,associate ,adm9i/rator =  
,comm]cial ,space ,transportation ,!    
,assi/ant ,secret>y = ,comm]cial ,space 
,transportation %all s]ve z ! ,associate
 ,adm9i/rator = ,comm]cial ,space       
,transportation4  4  7b7 ,e/abli%m5t (  
,assi/ant ,secret>y = ,comm]cial ,space 
,transportation ,section #ajb7;e77#a7 ( 
title #di1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is      
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 ! matt] prec$+           
subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ #f & ins]t+  
#g2 &  7#b7 9 subp>agraph 7,a71 by      
ins]t+ an ,assi/ant ,secret>y =         

,comm]cial ,space ,transportation1 aft] 
,assi/ant ,secret>y = ,rese>* &         
,te*nology14  #ajb4 ,use ( exi/+        
au?orities  7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is 
! s5se ( ,congress t ! ,secret>y (      
,transportation %\ld make use ( exi/+   
au?orities1 includ+ waiv]s & safety     
approvals1 z appropriate1 to protect !  
public1 make m effici5t use ( res\rces1 
r$uce ! regulatory burd5 = an applicant 
= a comm]cial space laun* or re5try     
lic5se or exp]im5tal p]mit1 & promote   
comm]cial space laun* & re5try4  7b7    
,lic5se applications & requirem5ts      
,section #ejije ( title #ea1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9         
subsection 7a7--  7,a7 by am5d+ p>agraph
 7#a7 to read z foll[s3  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
7,a7 ,applications ,a p]son may apply to
 ! ,secret>y ( ,transportation = a      
lic5se or transf] ( a lic5se "u ?is     
*apt] 9 ! =m & way ! ,secret>y          
prescribes4  7,b7 ,decisions ,consi/5t )
 ! public heal? & safety1 safety (      
prop]ty1 & national security & =eign    

policy int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !     
,secret>y1 n lat] ?an ! applicable      
deadl9e describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c71    
%all issue or transf] a lic5se if !     
,secret>y decides 9 writ+ t ! applicant 
complies1 & w cont9ue to comply1 ) ?is  
*apt] & regulations prescrib$ "u ?is    
*apt]4  7,c7 ,applicable deadl9e ,!     
applicable deadl9e describ$ 9 ?is       
subp>agraph %all be-- 7i7 = an applicant
 t 0 or is a hold] ( any lic5se "u ?is  
*apt]1 n lat] ?an #ij days aft] accept+ 
an application 9 accordance ) crit]ia   
e/abli%$ pursuant to subsection         
7b77#b77;,e72 &  7ii7 = a new applicant1
 n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] accept+ an   
application 9 accordance ) crit]ia      
e/abli%$ pursuant to subsection         
7b77#b77;,e74  7,d7 ,notice to          
applicants ,! ,secret>y %all in=m !     
applicant ( any p5d+ issue & action     
requir$ to resolve ! issue if !         
,secret>y has n made a decision n lat]  
?an--  7i7 = an applicant describ$ 9    
subp>agraph 7,c77i71 #fj days aft]      

accept+ an application 9 accordance )   
crit]ia e/abli%$ pursuant to subsection 
7b77#b77;,e72 &  7ii7 = an applicant    
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c77ii71 #abj   
days aft] accept+ an application 9      
accordance ) crit]ia e/abli%$ pursuant  
to subsection 7b77#b77;,e74  7,e7       
,notice to ,congress ,! ,secret>y %all  
transmit to ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1   
,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & 
! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &      
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a
 writt5 notice n lat] ?an #cj days aft] 
any occurr5ce :5 ! ,secret>y has n tak5 
action on a lic5se application )9 an    
applicable deadl9e e/abli%$ by ?is      
subsection4  2 &  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b7--
 7i7 by ins]t+ ,proc$ures = safety      
approvals4-- be=e ,9 c>ry+ out2  7ii7 by
 ins]t+ s(tw>e1 aft] s]vices12 &  7iii7 
by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 ,su* safety  
approvals may be issu$ simultane\sly ) a
 lic5se "u ?is *apt]42 &  7#b7 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  7e7 ,use ( exi/+    
au?orities  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y  

%all use exi/+ au?orities1 includ+      
waiv]s & safety approvals1 z            
appropriate1 to make m effici5t use (   
res\rces1 r$uce ! regulatory burd5 = an 
applicant "u ?is section1 & promote     
comm]cial space laun* & re5try4  7#b7   
,exp$it+ safety approvals ,! ,secret>y  
%all exp$ite ! process+ ( safety        
approvals t w\ld r$uce risks to heal? or
 safety dur+ laun* & re5try4  4  7c7    
,re/rictions on laun*es1 op]ations1 &   
re5tries ,section #ejijd ( title #ea1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  7e7 ,multiple sites ,!
 ,secret>y may issue a s+le lic5se or   
p]mit = an op]ator to conduct laun*     
s]vices & re5try s]vices at multiple    
laun* sites or re5try sites4  4  #ajc4  
,exp]im5tal p]mits ,section #ejijf (    
title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7j7 ,use ( 
exi/+ au?orities  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!      
,secret>y %all use exi/+ au?orities1    
includ+ waiv]s & safety approvals1 z    
appropriate1 to make m effici5t use (   

res\rces1 r$uce ! regulatory burd5 = an 
applicant "u ?is section1 & promote     
comm]cial space laun* & re5try4  7#b7   
,exp$it+ safety approvals ,! ,secret>y  
%all exp$ite ! process+ ( safety        
approvals t w\ld r$uce risks to heal? or
 safety dur+ laun* & re5try4  4  #ajd4  
,gov]nm5t-develop$ space te*nology      
,section #ejija7;b77#b77;,b7 ( title    
#ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by   
/rik+ & enc\rag+4  #aje4 ,regulatory    
re=m  7a7 ,def9itions ,! def9itions set 
=? 9 section #ejijb ( title #ea1 ,unit$ 
,/ates ,code1 %all apply to ?is section4
  7b7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t !         
comm]cial space laun* regulatory        
environm5t has at times imp$$ ! ,unit$  
,/ates comm]cial space laun* sector 9   
its innovation ( laun* te*nologies1     
reusable laun* & re5try vehicles1 & o!r 
areas relat$ to comm]cial laun*es &     
re5tries4  7c7 ,regulatory improvem5ts =
 comm]cial space laun* activities  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,febru>y #a1 #bjbj1
 ! ,secret>y ( ,transportation %all     

issue a f9al rule to revise any         
regulations "u *apt] #eji1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 z ! ,secret>y consid]s necess>y 
to meet ! objective ( ?is section4  7#b7
 ,objective ,! objective ( ?is section  
is to e/abli%1 consi/5t ) ! purposes    
describ$ 9 section #ejija7;b7 ( title   
#ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 a regulatory  
regime = comm]cial space laun*          
activities "u *apt] #eji t--  7,a7      
creates1 to ! ext5t practicable1        
requirem5ts applicable bo? to exp5dable 
laun* & re5try vehicles & to reusable   
laun* & re5try vehicles2  7,b7 is       
neutral ) reg>d to ! specific te*nology 
utiliz$ 9 a laun*1 a re5try1 or an      
associat$ safety sy/em2  7,c7 protects !
 heal? & safety ( ! public2  7,d7       
e/abli%es cle>1 high-level p]=mance     
requirem5ts2  7,e7 enc\rages volunt>y1  
indu/ry te*nical /&>ds t complem5t !    
high-level p]=mance requirem5ts e/abli%$
 "u subp>agraph 7,d72 &  7,f7           
facilitates & enc\rages appropriate     
collaboration betwe5 ! comm]cial space  

laun* & re5try sector & ! ,dep>tm5t (   
,transportation ) respect to !          
requirem5ts "u subp>agraph 7,d7 & !     
/&>ds "u subp>agraph 7,e74  7d7         
,consultation ,9 revis+ ! regulations "u
 subsection 7c71 ! ,secret>y (          
,transportation %all consult ) ! foll[+3
  7#a7 ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se4  7#b7 ,! 
,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa4  7#c7 ,su* memb]s
 ( ! comm]cial space laun* & re5try     
sector z ! ,secret>y ( ,transportation  
consid]s appropriate to ensure adequate 
repres5tation across indu/ry4  7e7      
,report  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #fj  
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,transportation1 9  
consultation ) ! p]sons describ$ 9      
subsection 7d71 %all submit to !        
,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &      
,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & !          
,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &        
,te*nology & ! ,committee on            
,transportation & ,infra/ructure ( !    
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report on !   
progress 9 c>ry+ out ?is section4  7#b7 

,cont5ts ,! report %all include-- 7,a7  
mile/ones & a s*$ule to meet ! objective
 ( ?is section2  7,b7 a description (   
any ,f$]al ag5cy res\rces necess>y to   
meet ! objective ( ?is section2  7,c7   
recomm5dations = legislation t w\ld     
exp$ite or improve ! outcomes "u        
subsection 7c72 &  7,d7 a plan = ongo+  
consultation ) ! p]sons describ$ 9      
subsection 7d74  #ajf4 ,secret>y (      
,transportation ov]sight & coord9ation (
 comm]cial laun* & re5try op]ations  7a7
 ,ov]sight & coord9ation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,! ,secret>y ( ,transportation1 9       
accordance ) ! f9d+s "u section #afag ( 
! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act =
 ,fiscal ,ye> #bjaf 7#ea ,u4,s4,c4      
#ejiah note7 & subject to section       
#ejije7;b77#b77;,c7 ( title #ea1 ,unit$ 
,/ates ,code1 %all take su* action z may
 be necess>y to consolidate or modify ! 
requirem5ts across ,f$]al ag5cies       
id5tifi$ 9 section #afag7;c77#a77;,a7 ( 
t ,act into a s+le application set t    
satisfies ^? requirem5ts & exp$ites !   

coord9ation ( comm]cial laun* & re5try  
s]vices4  7#b7 ,*apt] #eji  7,a7        
,purposes ,section #ejija7;b77#c7 (     
title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by ins]t+ all be=e comm]cial laun* &   
re5try op]ations4  7,b7 ,g5]al au?ority 
,section #ejijc7;b7 ( title #ea1 ,unit$ 
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--  7i7 by        
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 z      
p>agraphs 7#c7 & 7#d71 respectively2 &  
7ii7 by ins]t+ be=e p>agraph 7#c71 z    
r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3  7#a7 consi/5t )  
?is *apt]1 au?orize1 lic5se1 & ov]see ! 
conduct ( all comm]cial laun* & re5try  
op]ations1 includ+ any comm]cial laun*  
or comm]cial re5try at a ,f$]al range2  
7#b7 if an application = a lic5se or    
p]mit "u ?is *apt] includes laun* or    
re5try at a ,def5se range1 coord9ate ) !
 ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 or designee1 to   
protect any national security int]e/    
relevant to su* activity1 includ+ any   
necess>y mitigation measure to protect  
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se prop]ty & p]sonnel2 
4  7#c7 ,effective date ,?is subsection 

takes effect on ! date on :i* ! f9al    
rule "u section #aje7;c7 is publi%$ 9 ! 
,f$]al ,regi/]4  7b7 ,rules (           
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act1 or !      
am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 may be       
con/ru$ to affect--  7#a7 section #afag 
( ! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act
 = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjaf 7#ea ,u4,s4,c4    
#ejiah note72 or  7#b7 ! au?ority ( !   
,secret>y ( ,def5se z x relates to      
safety & security relat$ to laun* or    
re5try at a ,def5se range4  7c7         
,te*nical am5dm5t2 repeal r$undant law  
,section #aac ( ! ,u4,s4 ,comm]cial     
,space ,laun* ,competitiv5ess ,act      
7,public ,law #aad-ij2 #abi ,/at4 #gjd2 
#ea ,u4,s4,c4 #ejiah note7 & ! item     
relat+ to t section 9 ! table ( cont5ts 
"u section #a7;b7 ( t ,act are repeal$4 
#ajg4 ,/udy on jo9t use ( spaceports    
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] 
! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act-- 7#a7 ! 
,secret>y ( ,transportation %all1 9     
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1   
conduct a /udy on ! curr5t process !    

,gov]nm5t uses to provide or p]mit !    
jo9t use ( ,unit$ ,/ates milit>y        
in/allations = lic5s$ nongov]nm5tal     
space laun* & re5try activities1        
space-relat$ activities1 & space        
transportation s]vices by ,unit$ ,/ates 
comm]cial provid]s2 &  7#b7 submit !    
results ( ! /udy to ! ,committee on     
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation & !
 ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate
 & ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &   
,te*nology & ! ,committee on ,arm$      
,s]vices ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4   
7b7 ,consid]ations ,9 conduct+ ! /udy   
requir$ by subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y (
 ,transportation %all consid] ! foll[+3 
7#a7 ,improvem5ts t c\ld be made to !   
curr5t process ! ,gov]nm5t uses to      
provide or p]mit ! jo9t use ( ,unit$    
,/ates milit>y in/allations = lic5s$    
nongov]nm5tal space laun* & re5try      
activities1 space-relat$ activities1 &  
space transportation s]vices by ,unit$  
,/ates comm]cial provid]s4  7#b7 ,means 
to facilitate ! ability = a milit>y     

in/allation to reque/ t ! ,secret>y (   
,transportation consid] ! milit>y       
in/allation z a site to provide or p]mit
 ! lic5s$ nongov]nm5tal space laun* &   
re5try activities1 space-relat$         
activities1 & space transportation      
s]vices by ,unit$ ,/ates comm]cial      
provid]s4  7#c7 ,! feasibility (        
increas+ ! numb] ( milit>y in/allations 
t provide or are p]mitt$ to be utiliz$ =
 lic5s$ nongov]nm5tal space laun* &     
re5try activities1 space-relat$         
activities1 & space transportation      
s]vices by ,unit$ ,/ates comm]cial      
provid]s4  7#d7 ,! importance ( ! use ( 
safety approvals ( laun* vehicles1      
re5try vehicles1 space transportation   
vehicles1 safety sy/ems1 processes1     
s]vices1 or p]sonnel 7includ+ approval  
proc$ures = ! purpose ( protect+ ! heal?
 & safety ( crew1 ,gov]nm5t a/ronauts1 &
 space flight p>ticipants71 to ! ext5t  
p]mitt$ t may be us$ 9 conduct+ lic5s$  
comm]cial space laun*1 re5try           
activities1 & space transportation      

s]vices at in/allations4  #ajh4         
,airspace integration report  7a7 ,9    
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! date (
 ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y (   
,transportation %all--  7#a7 id5tify &  
review ! curr5t policies & tools us$ to 
integrate laun* & re5try 7z ^? t]ms are 
def9$ 9 section #ejijb ( title #ea1     
,unit$ ,/ates ,code7 into ! national    
airspace sy/em2  7#b7 consid] :e!r !    
policies & tools id5tifi$ 9 p>agraph    
7#a7 ne$ to be updat$ to m effici5tly & 
safely manage ! national airspace sy/em2
 &  7#c7 submit to ! appropriate        
committees ( ,congress a report on !    
f9d+s "u p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b71 includ+ 
recomm5dations = h[ to m effici5tly &   
safely manage ! national airspace sy/em4
  7b7 ,consultation ,9 conduct+ ! review
 "u subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all    
consult ) su* memb]s ( ! comm]cial space
 laun* & re5try sector & comm]cial      
aviation sector z ! ,secret>y consid]s  
appropriate to ensure adequate          
repres5tation across ^? indu/ries4  7c7 

,def9ition ( appropriate committees (   
,congress ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m         
appropriate committees ( ,congress      
means-- 7#a7 ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1  
,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate2  
7#b7 ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 & 
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 
&  7#c7 ! ,committee on ,transportation 
& ,infra/ructure ( ! ,h\se (            
,repres5tatives4  ,,ii ,/reaml9+        
,ov]sight ( ,nongv]nm5tal ,e>?          
,obs]vation ,activities  #bja4          
,nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation          
activities  7a7 ,lic5s+ ( nongov]nm5tal 
,e>? obs]vation activities ,*apt] #fja (
 title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is     
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section #fjaja--  7,a7 by
 am5d+ p>agraph 7#ab7 to read z foll[s3 
7#ab7 ,un5hanc$ data ,! t]m unenhanc$   
data means signals or imag]y products f 
,e>? obs]vation activities t are        
unprocess$ or subject only to data      
preprocess+4  2  7,b7 by r$esignat+     
p>agraphs 7#aa71 7#ab71 & 7#ac7 z       
p>agraphs 7#ae71 7#ah71 & 7#ai71        

respectively1 & mov+ ! p>agraphs s z to 
appe> 9 num]ical ord]2  7,c7 by         
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#d7 ?r\gh 7#aj7 z 
p>agraphs 7#e7 ?r\gh 7#aa71             
respectively2  7,d7 by ins]t+ aft]      
p>agraph 7#c71 ! foll[+3  7#d7 ,e>?     
obs]vation activity ,! t]m ,e>?         
obs]vation activity means a space       
activity ! prim>y purpose ( :i* is to   
collect data t c be process$ into imag]y
 ( ! ,e>? or ( man-made objects orbit+ !
 ,e>?4  2  7,e7 by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 
7#aa71 z r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3  7#ab7   
,nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation activity 
,! t]m nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation    
activity means an ,e>? obs]vation       
activity ( a p]son o!r ?an--  7,a7 !    
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t2 or  7,b7 a     
,gov]nm5t contractor or subcontractor if
 ! ,gov]nm5t contractor or subcontractor
 is p]=m+ ! activity = ! ,gov]nm5t4     
7#ac7 ,orbital debris ,! t]m orbital    
debris means any space object t is plac$
 9 space or d]ives f a space object     
plac$ 9 space by a p]son1 rema9s 9      

orbit1 & no long] s]ves any useful      
function or purpose4  7#ad7 ,p]son ,!   
t]m p]son means a p]son 7z def9$ 9      
section #a ( title #a7 subject to !     
jurisdiction or control ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates4  2 &  7,f7 by ins]t+ aft]       
p>agraph 7#ae71 z r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3 
7#af7 ,space activity  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
t]m space activity means any activity t 
is conduct$ 9 space4  7,b7 ,inclusions  
,! t]m space activity includes any      
activity conduct$ on a cele/ial body1   
includ+ ! ,moon4  7,c7 ,exclusions ,!   
t]m space activity does n include any   
activity t is conduct$ entirely on bo>d 
or )9 a space object & does n affect    
ano!r space object4  7#ag7 ,space object
 ,! t]m space object means any object1  
includ+ any compon5t ( t object1 t is   
laun*$ into space or con/ruct$ 9 space1 
includ+ any object l&$ or con/ruct$ on a
 cele/ial body1 includ+ ! ,moon4  2     
7#b7 by am5d+ sub*apt] ,,iii to read z  
foll[s3  ,,iii ,au?orization (          
,nongov]nm5tal ,e>? ,obs]vation         

,activities  #fjaba4 ,purposes ,!       
purposes ( ?is sub*apt] are--  7#a7 to  
prev5t1 to ! ext5t practicable1 h>mful  
int]f]5ce to space activities by        
nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation           
activities2  7#b7 to manage risk &      
prev5t h>m to ,unit$ ,/ates national    
security2  7#c7 to ensure consi/5cy )   
int]national obligations ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates2 &  7#d7 to promote ! lead]%ip1  
indu/rial innovation1 & int]national    
competitiv5ess ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4       
#fjabb4 ,g5]al au?ority  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!
 ,secret>y %all c>ry out ?is sub*apt]4  
7b7 ,functions ,9 c>ry+ out ?is         
sub*apt]1 ! ,secret>y %all consult )--  
7#a7 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se2  7#b7 !     
,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce2 &   
7#c7 ! head ( su* o!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or
 ag5cy z ! ,secret>y consid]s necess>y4 
#fjabc4 ,adm9i/rative au?ority (        
,secret>y  7a7 ,functions ,9 ord] to    
c>ry out ! responsibilities specifi$ 9  
?is sub*apt]1 ! ,secret>y may--  7#a7   
grant1 condition1 or transf] lic5ses "u 

?is *apt]2  7#b7 seek an ord] (         
injunction or simil> judicial           
det]m9ation f a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ) p]sonal jurisdiction ov] !     
lic5see to t]m9ate1 modify1 or susp5d   
lic5ses "u ?is sub*apt] & to t]m9ate    
lic5s$ op]ations on an imm$iate basis1  
if ! ,secret>y det]m9es t ! lic5see has 
sub/antially fail$ to comply ) any      
provisions ( ?is *apt]1 ) any t]ms1     
conditions1 or re/rictions ( su* lic5se1
 or ) any int]national obligations or   
national security conc]ns ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates2  7#c7 provide p5alties =        
noncompliance ) ! requirem5ts ( lic5ses 
or regulations issu$ "u ?is sub*apt]1   
includ+ civil p5alties n to exce$       
#aj1jjj 7ea* day ( op]ation 9 violation 
( su* lic5ses or regulations con/itut+ a
 sep>ate violation72  7#d7 compromise1  
modify1 or remit any su* civil p5alty2  
7#e7 issue subpo5as = any mat]ials1     
docum5ts1 or records1 or = ! att5dance &
 te/imony ( witnesses = ! purpose (     
conduct+ a he>+ "u ?is section2  7#f7   

seize any object1 record1 or report     
pursuant to a w>rant f a magi/rate bas$ 
on a %[+ ( probable cause to believe t  
su* object1 record1 or report 0 us$1 is 
be+ us$1 or is likely to be us$ 9       
violation ( ?is *apt] or ! requirem5ts (
 a lic5se or regulation issu$ !reund]2 &
  7#g7 make inve/igations & inquiries & 
adm9i/] to or take f any p]son an oa?1  
affirmation1 or affidavit conc]n+ any   
matt] relat+ to ! en=cem5t ( ?is *apt]4 
7b7 ,review ( ag5cy action ,any         
applicant or lic5see t makes a timely   
reque/ = review ( an adv]se action      
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71 7#c71 7#e71  
or 7#f7 ( subsection 7a7 %all be entitl$
 to adjudication by ! ,secret>y on !    
record aft] an opportunity = any ag5cy  
he>+ ) respect to su* adv]se action4    
,any f9al action by ! ,secret>y "u ?is  
subsection %all be subject to judicial  
review "u *apt] #g ( title #e4  #fjabd4 
,au?orization to conduct nongov]nm5tal  
,e>? obs]vation activities  7a7         
,requirem5t ,no p]son may conduct any   

nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation activity  
)\t an au?orization issu$ "u ?is        
sub*apt]4  7b7 ,waiv]s  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!
 ,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y
 ( ,def5se1 ! ,director ( ,national     
,intellig5ce1 & ! head ( su* o!r ,f$]al 
ag5cy z ! ,secret>y consid]s            
appropriate1 may waive a requirem5t "u  
?is sub*apt] = a nongov]nm5tal ,e>?     
obs]vation activity1 or = a type or     
class ( nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation   
activities1 if ! ,secret>y decides t    
grant+ a waiv] is consi/5t ) section    
#fjaba4  7#b7 ,/&>ds ,n lat] ?an #abj   
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ! ,space
 ,fronti] ,act ( #bjai1 ! ,secret>y %all
 e/abli% /&>ds1 9 consultation ) !      
,secret>y ( ,def5se & ! head ( su* o!r  
,f$]al ag5cy z ! ,secret>y consid]s     
appropriate1 = det]m9+ de m9imis ,e>?   
obs]vation activities t w\ld be eligible
 = a waiv] "u p>agraph 7#a74  7c7       
,cov]age ( au?orization ,! ,secret>y    
%all1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1   
require a s+le au?orization = a p]son-- 

7#a7 to conduct multiple ,e>? obs]vation
 activities us+ a s+le space object2    
7#b7 to op]ate multiple space objects   
c>ry+ out sub/antially simil> ,e>?      
obs]vation activities2 or  7#c7 to use  
multiple space objects to c>ry out a    
s+le ,e>? obs]vation activity4  7d7     
,application  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a p]son    
seek+ an au?orization "u ?is sub*apt]   
%all submit an application to !         
,secret>y at su* "t1 9 su* mann]1 &     
conta9+ su* in=mation z ! ,secret>y may 
require = ! purposes describ$ 9 section 
#fjaba1 includ+--  7,a7 a description ( 
! propos$ ,e>? obs]vation activity1     
includ+-- 7i7 a physical & functional   
description ( ea* space object2  7ii7 ! 
orbital *>act]i/ics ( ea* space object1 
includ+ altitude1 incl9ation1 orbital   
p]iod1 & e/imat$ op]ational lifetime2 & 
7iii7 a li/ ( ! names ( all p]sons t h  
or w h direct op]ational or f9ancial    
control ( ! ,e>? obs]vation activity2   
7,b7 a plan to prev5t orbital debris    
consi/5t ) ! #bjja ,unit$ ,/ates        

,orbital ,debris ,mitigation ,/&>d      
,practices or any subsequ5t revision    
!re(2 &  7,c7 a description ( !         
capabilities ( ea* in/rum5t to be us$ to
 obs]ve ! ,e>? 9 ! conduct ( ! ,e>?     
obs]vation activity4  7#b7 ,application 
/atus ,n lat] ?an #ad days aft] ! date  
on :i* an application is receiv$1 !     
,secret>y %all make a det]m9ation :e!r !
 application is complete or incomplete &
 notify ! applicant ( t det]m9ation1    
includ+1 if incomplete1 ! reason !      
application is incomplete4  7e7 ,review 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] 
! date on :i* ! ,secret>y makes a       
det]m9ation "u subsection 7d77#b7 t an  
application is complete1 ! ,secret>y    
%all review all in=mation provid$ 9 t   
application &1 subject to ! provisions (
 ?is subsection1 notify ! applicant 9   
writ+ :e!r ! application 0 approv$1 ) or
 )\t conditions1 or d5i$4  7#b7         
,approvals ,! ,secret>y %all approve an 
application "u ?is subsection if !      
,secret>y det]m9es t--  7,a7 ! ,e>?     

obs]vation activity is consi/5t ) !     
purposes describ$ 9 section #fjaba2 &   
7,b7 ! applicant is 9 compliance1 & w   
cont9ue to comply1 ) ?is sub*apt]1      
includ+ regulations4  7#c7 ,d5ials  7,a7
 ,9 g5]al ,if an application "u ?is     
subsection is d5i$1 ! ,secret>y--  7i7  
%all include 9 ! notification "u        
p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,i7 a reason = ! d5ial2
 &  7,,ii7 a description ( ea*          
defici5cy1 includ+ guidance on h[ to    
correct ! defici5cy2  7ii7 %all sign !  
notification "u p>agraph 7#a72  7iii7   
may n delegate ! duty "u clause 7ii72 & 
7iv7 %all submit to ! ,committee on     
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( !
 ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1      
,space1 & ,te*nology ( ! ,h\se (        
,repres5tatives a copy ( ! notification4
  7,b7 ,int]ag5cy review ,n lat] ?an #c 
days aft] ! date on :i* ! ,secret>y     
makes a det]m9ation "u subsection       
7d77#b7 t an application is complete1 ! 
,secret>y %all consult ) ! head ( ea*   
,f$]al dep>tm5t & ag5cy describ$ 9      

section #fjabb7;b7 & if any head ( su*  
,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy does n support 
approv+ ! application--  7i7 t head (   
ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy-- 7,i7 n 
lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date on :i* su*
 consultation occurs1 %all notify !     
,secret>y1 9 writ+1 ( ! reason = )hold+ 
support1 includ+ a description ( ea*    
defici5cy & guidance on h[ to correct ! 
defici5cy2  7,,ii7 %all sign !          
notification "u subclause 7,i72 &       
7,,iii7 may n delegate ! duty "u        
subclause 7,,ii71 except ! ,secret>y (  
,def5se may delegate ! duty "u subclause
 7,,ii7 to an ,"u ,secret>y ( ,def5se2 &
  7ii7 subject to all applicable laws1 !
 ,secret>y %all include ! notification  
"u clause 7i7 9 ! notification "u       
p>agraph 7#a71 includ+ classifi$        
in=mation if--  7,i7 ! ,secret>y (      
,def5se or ! ,director ( ,national      
,intellig5ce1 z appropriate1 det]m9es t 
disclosure ( ! classifi$ in=mation is   
appropriate2 &  7,,ii7 ! applicant has !
 requir$ security cle>ance = ! classifi$

 in=mation4  7,c7 ,int]ag5cy ass5ts ,if 
! head ( ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy 
does n notify ! ,secret>y "u subp>agraph
 7,b77i77,i7 )9 ! "t specifi$ 9 t       
subp>agraph1 t head ( ano!r ,f$]al      
dep>tm5t or ag5cy %all be deem$ to h    
ass5t$ to ! application4  7,d7          
,int]ag5cy diss5ts ,if1 dur+ ! review ( 
an application "u p>agraph 7#a71 a head 
( a ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy describ$ 9 
subp>agraph 7,b7 disagrees ) ! ,secret>y
 or ! head ( ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or   
ag5cy describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b7 )     
respect to a defici5cy "u ?is           
subsection1 ! ,secret>y %all submit !   
matt] to ! ,presid5t1 :o %all resolve ! 
dispute be=e ! applicable deadl9e "u    
p>agraph 7#a74  7,e7 ,defici5cies ,!    
,secret>y %all-- 7i7 provide ea*        
applicant "u ?is p>agraph ) a reasonable
 opportunity--  7,i7 to correct ea*     
defici5cy id5tifi$ "u subp>agraph       
7,a77i77,,ii72 &  7,,ii7 to resubmit a  
correct$ application = reconsid]ation2 &
  7ii7 n lat] ?an #cj days aft] ! date (

 on :i* a correct$ application "u clause
 7i77,,ii7 is receiv$1 make a           
det]m9ation :e!r to approve !           
application or n1 9 consultation )--    
7,i7 ea* head ( ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or
 ag5cy t submitt$ a notification "u     
subp>agraph 7,b72 &  7,,ii7 ! head ( su*
 o!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy z !       
,secret>y consid]s necess>y4  7,f7      
,improp] basis = d5ial  7i7 ,competition
 ,! ,secret>y %all n d5y an application 
"u ?is subsection 9 ord] to protect any 
exi/+ ,e>? obs]vation activity f        
competition4  7ii7 ,capabilities ,!     
,secret>y %all n1 to ! maximum ext5t    
practicable1 d5y an application "u ?is  
subsection bas$ solely on ! capabilities
 ( ! ,e>? obs]vation activity if ^?     
capabilities--  7,i7 are comm]cially    
available2 or  7,,ii7 are reasonably    
expect$ to be made comm]cially          
available1 n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] !    
date ( ! application1 9 ! int]national  
or dome/ic m>ketplace4  7iii7           
,applicability ,! prohibition "u clause 

7ii77,,ii7 %all apply :e!r ! m>ketplace 
products & s]vices orig9ate f ! op]ation
 ( aircraft1 uncrew$ aircraft1 or o!r   
plat=ms or te*nical means or are        
assimilat$ f a v>iety ( data s\rces4    
7#d7 ,deadl9e ,if ! ,secret>y does n    
notify an applicant 9 writ+ be=e !      
applicable deadl9e "u p>agraph 7#a71 !  
,secret>y %all1 n lat] ?an #a bus9ess   
day aft] ! date ( ! applicable deadl9e1 
notify ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1        
,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & 
! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &      
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives (
 ! /atus ( ! application1 includ+ !     
reason ! deadl9e 0 n met4  7#e7 ,exp$it$
 review process ,subject to p>agraph    
7#b7 & section #fjabb7;b71 ! ,secret>y  
may modify ! requirem5ts "u ?is         
subsection1 z ! ,secret>y consid]s      
appropriate1 to exp$ite ! review ( an   
application t seeks to conduct an ,e>?  
obs]vation activity t is sub/antially   
simil> to an ,e>? obs]vation activity   
already lic5s$ "u ?is sub*apt]4  7f7    

,additional requirem5ts ,an au?orization
 issu$ "u ?is sub*apt] %all require !   
au?oriz$ p]son--  7#a7 to be 9          
compliance ) ?is sub*apt]2  7#b7 to     
notify ! ,secret>y ( any significant    
*ange 9 ! in=mation conta9$ 9 !         
application2 &  7#c7 to make available  
to ! gov]nm5t ( any c\ntry1 includ+ !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 unenhanc$ data collect$  
by ! ,e>? obs]vation sy/em conc]n+ !    
t]ritory "u ! jurisdiction ( t gov]nm5t 
z soon z su* data are available & on    
reasonable comm]cial t]ms & conditions4 
7g7 ,prohibition on retroactive         
conditions  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z     
provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#c71 ! ,secret>y may
 n modify any condition on1 or add any  
condition to1 an au?orization "u ?is    
sub*apt] aft] ! date ( ! au?orization4  
7#b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is    
section %all be con/ruct$ to prohibit ! 
,secret>y f remov+ a condition on an    
au?orization "u ?is sub*apt]4  7#c7     
,int]ag5cy review  7,a7 ,9 g5]al        
,subject to subp>agraphs 7,b7 & 7,e71 ! 

,secret>y or ! head ( a ,f$]al dep>tm5t 
or ag5cy describ$ 9 section #fjabb7;b7  
may1 )\t delegation1 propose !          
modification or addition ( a condition  
to an au?orization "u ?is sub*apt] aft] 
! date ( ! au?orization4  7,b7          
,consultation requirem5t ,prior to mak+ 
! modification or addition "u           
subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,secret>y or !      
applicable head ( ! ,f$]al dep>tm5t or  
ag5cy %all consult ) ! head ( ea* ( !   
o!r ,f$]al dep>tm5ts & ag5cies describ$ 
9 section #fjabb7;b7 & if any head ( su*
 ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy does n support
 su* modification or addition t head (  
ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy--  7i7 n 
lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date on :i* !  
consultation occurs1 %all notify !      
,secret>y1 9 writ+1 ( ! reason = )hold+ 
support2  7ii7 %all sign ! notification 
"u clause 7i72 &  7iii7 may n delegate !
 duty "u clause 7ii74  7,c7 ,int]ag5cy  
ass5ts ,if ! head ( ano!r ,f$]al        
dep>tm5t or ag5cy does n notify !       
,secret>y "u subp>agraph 7,b77i7 )9 ! "t

 specifi$ 9 t subp>agraph1 t head (     
ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy %all be  
deem$ to h ass5t$ to ! modification or  
addition "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7,d7     
,int]ag5cy diss5ts ,if ! head ( a ,f$]al
 dep>tm5t or ag5cy describ$ 9           
subp>agraph 7,a7 disagrees ) ! ,secret>y
 or ! head ( ano!r ,f$]al dep>tm5t or   
ag5cy describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 )     
respect to su* modification or addition 
"u ?is p>agraph1 ! ,secret>y %all submit
 ! matt] to ! ,presid5t1 :o %all resolve
 ! dispute4  7,e7 ,notice ,prior to mak+
 a modification or addition "u          
subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,secret>y or ! head 
( ! ,f$]al dep>tm5t or ag5cy1 z         
applicable1 %all--  7i7 provide notice  
to ! lic5see ( ! reason = ! propos$     
modification or addition1 includ+1 if   
applicable1 a description ( any         
defici5cy & guidance on h[ to correct ! 
defici5cy2 &  7ii7 provide ! lic5see a  
reasonable opportunity to correct a     
defici5cy id5tifi$ 9 clause 7i74        
#fjabe4 ,annual reports  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n

 lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( !     
enactm5t ( ! ,space ,fronti] ,act (     
#bjai1 & annually !reaft]1 ! ,secret>y  
%all submit to ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1
 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate &
 ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &     
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a
 report on ! progress 9 implem5t+ ?is   
sub*apt]1 includ+--  7#a7 a li/ ( all   
applications receiv$ or p5d+ 9 ! previ\s
 cal5d> ye> & ! /atus ( ea* su*         
application2  7#b7 not)/&+ p>agraph 7#d7
 ( section #fjabd7;e71 a li/ ( all      
applications1 9 ! previ\s cal5d> ye>1 = 
:i* ! ,secret>y miss$ ! deadl9e "u      
p>agraph 7#a7 ( t section1 includ+ !    
reasons ! deadl9e 0 n met2 &  7#c7 a    
description ( all actions tak5 by !     
,secret>y "u ! adm9i/rative au?ority    
grant$ "u section #fjabc4  7b7          
,classifi$ annexes ,ea* report "u       
subsection 7a7 may include classifi$    
annexes z necess>y to protect !         
disclosure ( s5sitive or classifi$      
in=mation4  7c7 ,cessation (            

effectiv5ess ,?is section ceases to be  
effective ,septemb] #cj1 #bjba4  #fjabf4
 ,regulations ,! ,secret>y may          
promulgate regulations to implem5t ?is  
sub*apt]4  #fjabg4 ,relation%ip to o!r  
executive ag5cies & laws  7a7 ,executive
 ag5cies ,except z provid$ 9 ?is        
sub*apt] or *apt] #eji1 or any activity 
regulat$ by ! ,f$]al ,communications    
,commission "u ! ,communications ,act ( 
#aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq471 a   
p]son is n requir$ to obta9 f an        
executive ag5cy a lic5se1 approval1     
waiv]1 or exemption to conduct a        
nongov]nm5tal ,e>? obs]vation activity4 
7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,?is sub*apt]   
does n affect ! au?ority (-- 7#a7 !     
,f$]al ,communications ,commission "u ! 
,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg       
,u4,s4,c4 #aea et seq472 or  7#b7 !     
,secret>y ( ,transportation "u *apt]    
#eji4  7c7 ,nonapplication ,?is sub*apt]
 does n apply to any space activity !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t c>ries out = !  
,gov]nm5t4  2 &  7#c7 by am5d+ section  

#fjadg to read z foll[s3  #fjadg4       
,consultation  7a7 ,consultation )      
,secret>y ( ,def5se ,! ,l&sat ,program  
,managem5t %all consult ) ! ,secret>y ( 
,def5se on all matt]s relat+ to ! ,l&sat
 ,program "u ?is *apt] t affect national
 security4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all  
be responsible = det]m9+ ^? conditions1 
consi/5t ) ?is *apt]1 necess>y to meet  
national security conc]ns ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates & = notify+ ! ,l&sat ,program    
,managem5t ( su* conditions4  7b7       
,consultation ) ,secret>y ( ,/ate  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,! ,l&sat ,program ,managem5t  
%all consult ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate on   
all matt]s relat+ to ! ,l&sat ,program  
"u ?is *apt] t affect int]national      
obligations4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all  
be responsible = det]m9+ ^? conditions1 
consi/5t ) ?is *apt]1 necess>y to meet  
int]national obligations & policies ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates & = notify+ ! ,l&sat      
,program ,managem5t ( su* conditions4   
7#b7 ,int]national aid ,appropriate     
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ag5cies are     

au?oriz$ & enc\rag$ to provide remote   
s5s+ data1 te*nology1 & tra9+ to        
develop+ nations z a compon5t ( programs
 ( int]national aid4  7#c7 ,report+     
discrim9atory di/ribution ,! ,secret>y (
 ,/ate %all promptly report to ! ,l&sat 
,program ,managem5t any in/ances outside
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( discrim9atory        
di/ribution ( ,l&sat data4  7c7 ,/atus  
report ,! ,l&sat ,program ,managem5t    
%all1 z (t5 z necess>y1 provide to      
,congress complete & updat$ in=mation   
ab\t ! /atus ( ongo+ op]ations ( !      
,l&sat sy/em1 includ+ timely            
notification ( decisions made ) respect 
to ! ,l&sat sy/em 9 ord] to meet        
national security conc]ns & int]national
 obligations & policies ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates ,gov]nm5t4  4  7b7 ,table (      
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts ( *apt] #fja 
( title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is    
am5d$ by /rik+ ! items relat+ to        
sub*apt] ,,iii & ins]t+ ! foll[+3       
,sub*apt] ,,iii--,au?orization (        
,nongov]nm5tal ,e>? ,obs]vation         

,activities#fjaba4 ,purposes4#fjabb4    
,g5]al au?ority4#fjabc4 ,adm9i/rative   
au?ority ( ,secret>y4#fjabd4            
,au?orization to conduct nongov]nm5tal  
,e>? obs]vation activities4#fjabe4      
,annual reports4#fjabf4                 
,regulations4#fjabg4 ,relation%ip to o!r
 executive ag5cies & laws4  4  7c7      
,rules ( con/ruction  7#a7 ,no?+ 9 ?is  
section or ! am5dm5ts made by ?is       
section %all affect any lic5se1 or      
application = a lic5se1 to op]ate a     
private remote s5s+ space sy/em t 0 made
 "u sub*apt] ,,iii ( *apt] #fja ( title 
#ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code 7z 9 effect    
be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act71   
be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4    
,su* lic5se %all cont9ue to be subject  
to ! requirem5ts to :i* su* lic5se 0    
subject "u t *apt] z 9 effect on ! day  
be=e ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4    
7#b7 ,no?+ 9 ?is section or ! am5dm5ts  
made by ?is section %all affect !       
prohibition on ! collection & release ( 
detail$ satellite imag]y relat+ to      

,israel "u section #ajfd ( ! ,national  
,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal    
,ye> #aiig 7#ea ,u4,s4,c4 #fjaba note74 
#bjb4 ,radio-frequ5cy mapp+ report  7a7 
,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] !   
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !         
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce1 9 consultation ) !
 ,secret>y ( ,def5se & ! ,director (    
,national ,intellig5ce1 %all complete & 
submit a report on space-bas$           
radio-frequ5cy mapp+ to--  7#a7 !       
,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &      
,transportation ( ! ,s5ate2  7#b7 !     
,select ,committee on ,intellig5ce ( !  
,s5ate2  7#c7 ! ,committee on ,arm$     
,s]vices ( ! ,s5ate2  7#d7 ! ,committee 
on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 & ,te*nology ( !    
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2  7#e7 !        
,p]man5t ,select ,committee on          
,intellig5ce ( ! ,h\se (                
,repres5tatives2 &  7#f7 ! ,committee on
 ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives4  7b7 ,cont5ts ,! report
 "u subsection 7a7 %all include-- 7#a7 a
 discussion ( :e!r a ne$ exi/s to       

regulate space-bas$ radio-frequ5cy      
mapp+2  7#b7 a description ( any        
immitigable impacts ( space-bas$        
radio-frequ5cy mapp+ on national        
security1 ,unit$ ,/ates competitiv5ess &
 space lead]%ip1 or ,con/itutional      
rights2  7#c7 any recomm5dations =      
additional regulatory action reg>d+     
space-bas$ radio-frequ5cy mapp+2  7#d7 a
 detail$ description ( ! co/s & b5efits 
( ! recomm5dations describ$ 9 p>agraph  
7#c72 &  7#e7 an evaluation (-- 7,a7    
:e!r ! developm5t ( volunt>y cons5sus   
indu/ry /&>ds 9 coord9ation ) !         
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se is m appropriate ?an
 issu+ regulations ) respect to         
space-bas$ radio-frequ5cy mapp+2 &  7,b7
 :e!r exi/+ law1 includ+ regulations &  
policies1 c\ld be appli$ 9 a mann] t    
prev5ts ! ne$ = additional regulation ( 
space-bas$ radio-frequ5cy mapp+4  7c7   
,=m ,! report "u subsection 7a7 %all be 
submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 b may include
 a classifi$ annex4  ,,iii ,miscellane\s
  #cja4 ,promot+ fairness &             

competitiv5ess = ,,nasa p>tn]%ip        
opportunities  7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x 
is ! s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 fair     
access to available ,,nasa assets &     
s]vices on a reimbursable1 non9t]f]5ce1 
equitable1 & pr$ictable basis is        
advantage\s 9 enabl+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
comm]cial space indu/ry2  7#b7 ,,nasa   
%\ld cont9ue to promote fairness to all 
p>ties & ensure be/ value to ! ,f$]al   
,gov]nm5t 9 grant+ use ( ,,nasa assets1 
s]vices1 & capabilities 9 a mann] t     
contributes to ,,nasa's missions &      
objectives2 &  7#c7 ,,nasa %\ld cont9ue 
to promote small bus9ess aw>5ess &      
p>ticipation ?r\gh advocacy &           
collaborative ef=ts ) int]nal & ext]nal 
p>tn]s1 /akehold]s1 & academia4  7b7    
,guidance = small bus9ess p>ticipation  
,! ,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa %all-- 7#a7    
provide opportunities = ! consid]ation (
 small bus9ess conc]ns dur+             
public-private p>tn]%ip plann+ processes
 & 9 public-private p>tn]%ip plans2     
7#b7 invite ! p>ticipation ( ea*        

relevant director ( an ,(fice ( ,small &
 ,disadvantag$ ,bus9ess ,utilization "u 
section #ae7k7 ( ! ,small ,bus9ess ,act 
#iae ,u4,s4,c4 #fdd7k7 9 public-private 
p>tn]%ip plann+ processes & provide !   
director access to public-private       
p>tn]%ip plans2  7#c7 n lat] ?an #ij    
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act-- 7,a7 id5tify & e/abli% a li/ (   
all ,,nasa assets1 s]vices1 &           
capabilities t are available1 or w be   
available1 = public-private p>tn]%ip    
opportunities2 &  7,b7 make ! li/ "u    
subp>agraph 7,a7 available on ,,nasa's  
website1 9 a se>*able =mat2  7#d7       
p]iodically z ne$$1 b n less frequ5tly  
?an annually1 update ! li/ & website "u 
p>agraph 7#c72 &  7#e7 n lat] ?an #ahj  
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 develop a policy & issue guidance 
= a consi/5t1 fair1 & equitable me?od = 
s*$ul+ & e/abli%+ priority ( use ( !    
,,nasa assets1 s]vices1 & capabilities  
id5tifi$ "u ?is subsection4  7c7        
,/r5g!n+ small bus9ess aw>5ess ,n lat]  

?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t (
 ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa %all 
designate an (ficial at ea* ,,nasa      
,c5t]--  7#a7 to s]ve z an advocate =   
small bus9esses )9 ! (fice t manages    
p>tn]%ips at ea* ,c5t]2 &  7#b7 to      
provide guidance to small bus9esses on  
h[ to p>ticipate 9 public-private       
p>tn]%ip opportunities ) ,,nasa4  #cjb4 
,ma9ta9+ a national laboratory 9 space  
7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se (    
,congress t-- 7#a7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
national laboratory 9 space1 :i*        
curr5tly consi/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
segm5t ( ! ,,iss 7designat$ a national  
laboratory "u section #gjije ( title    
#ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code7--  7,a7       
b5efits ! sci5tific community & promotes
 comm]ce 9 space2  7,b7 fo/]s /rong]    
relation%ips among ,,nasa & o!r ,f$]al  
ag5cies1 ! private sector1 & rese>*     
gr\ps & univ]sities2  7,c7 advances     
sci5ce1 te*nology1 eng9e]+1 & ma!matics 
education ?r\gh utilization ( ! unique  
microgravity environm5t2 &  7,d7        

advances human k & int]national         
coop]ation2  7#b7 aft] ! ,,iss is       
decommission$1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld     
ma9ta9 a national microgravity          
laboratory 9 space2  7#c7 9 ma9ta9+ a   
national microgravity laboratory        
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,unit$      
,/ates %\ld make appropriate            
accommodations = diff]5t types ( own]%ip
 & op]ational /ructures = ! ,,iss &     
future space /ations2  7#d7 ! national  
microgravity laboratory describ$ 9      
p>agraph 7#b7 %\ld be ma9ta9$ beyond !  
date on :i* ! ,,iss is decommission$ &1 
if possible1 9 coop]ation ) int]national
 space p>tn]s to ! ext5t practicable2 & 
7#e7 ,,nasa %\ld cont9ue to support     
fundam5tal sci5ce rese>* on future      
plat=ms 9 l[-,e>? orbit & cis-lun>      
space1 %ort duration suborbital flights1
 drop t[]s1 & o!r microgravity te/+     
environm5ts4  7b7 ,report ,!            
,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa %all produce1 9   
coord9ation ) ! ,national ,space ,c\ncil
 & o!r ,f$]al ag5cies z ! ,adm9i/rator  

consid]s relevant1 a report detail+ !   
feasibility ( e/abli%+ a microgravity   
national laboratory ,f$]ally ,fund$     
,rese>* & ,developm5t ,c5t] to und]take 
! "w relat$ to ! /udy & utilization (   
9-space conditions4  #cjc4 ,pres5ce 9   
l[-,e>? orbit  7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x 
is ! s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 x is 9 ! 
national & economic security int]e/s ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates to ma9ta9 a cont9u\s     
human pres5ce 9 l[-,e>? orbit2 &  7#b7  
l[-,e>? orbit %\ld be utiliz$ z a te/b$ 
to advance human space exploration1     
sci5tific discov]ies1 & ,unit$ ,/ates   
economic competitiv5ess & comm]cial     
p>ticipation4  7b7 ,human pres5ce       
requirem5t ,,nasa %all cont9u\sly ma9ta9
 ! capability = a cont9u\s human pres5ce
 9 l[-,e>? orbit ?r\gh & beyond ! useful
 life ( ! ,,iss4  #cjd4 ,cont9uation ( !
 ,,iss  7a7 ,cont9uation ( !            
,int]national ,space ,/ation ,section   
#eja7;a7 ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &    
,space ,adm9i/ration ,au?orization ,act 
( #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcea7;a77 is   

am5d$ by /rik+ #bjbd & ins]t+ #bjcj4    
7b7 ,ma9t5ance ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates segm5t 
& assurance ( cont9u$ op]ations ( !     
,int]national ,space ,/ation ,section   
#ejc7;a7 ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &    
,space ,adm9i/ration ,au?orization ,act 
( #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahcec7;a77 is   
am5d$ by /rik+ #bjbd & ins]t+ #bjcj4    
7c7 ,rese>* capacity allocation &       
integration ( rese>* payloads ,section  
#ejd7;d7 ( ! ,national ,a]onautics &    
,space ,adm9i/ration ,au?orization ,act 
( #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahced7;d77 is   
am5d$ by /rik+ #bjbd ea* place x appe>s 
& ins]t+ #bjcj4  7d7 ,ma9ta9+ use ?r\gh 
at lea/ #bjcj ,section #gjijg ( title   
#ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--    
7#a7 9 ! section head+1 by /rik+ #bjbd &
 ins]t+ #bjcj2 &  7#b7 by /rik+ #bjbd   
ea* place x appe>s & ins]t+ #bjcj4      
#cje4 ,unit$ ,/ates policy on orbital   
debris  7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is !   
s5se ( ,congress t--  7#a7 exi/+        
guidel9es = ! mitigation ( orbital      
debris may n be adequate to ensure      

long-t]m usability ( ! space environm5t 
= all us]s2 &  7#b7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld
 cont9ue to ex]cise a lead]%ip role 9   
develop+ orbital debris prev5tion /&>ds 
t may be us$ by all space-f>+ nations4  
7b7 ,policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,x is !   
policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to h consi/5t  
/&>ds across ,f$]al ag5cies t m9imize ! 
risks f orbital debris 9 ord] to        
protect--  7#a7 ! public heal? & safety2
  7#b7 humans 9 space2  7#c7 ! national 
security int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2     
7#d7 ! safety ( prop]ty2  7#e7 space    
objects f int]f]5ce2 &  7#f7 ! =eign    
policy int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #cjf4
 ,l[-,e>? orbit comm]cialization program
  7a7 ,program au?orization ,!          
,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa may e/abli% a     
l[-,e>? orbit comm]cialization program  
to enc\rage ! fulle/ comm]cial use &    
developm5t ( space by ! private sector (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7b7 ,cont5ts ,!      
program "u subsection 7a7 may include-- 
7#a7 activities to /imulate dem& = human
 space flight products & s]vices 9      

l[-,e>? orbit2  7#b7 activities to      
improve ! capability ( ! ,,iss to       
accommodate comm]cial us]s2 &  7#c7     
subject to subsection 7c71 activities to
 accel]ate ! developm5t ( comm]cial     
space /ations or comm]cial space        
habitats4  7c7 ,conditions  7#a7 ,co/   
%>e ,! ,adm9i/rator %all give priority  
to an activity "u subsection 7b77#c7 9  
:i* ! private sector entity conduct+ !  
activity provides a %>e ( ! co/ to      
develop & op]ate ! activity4  7#b7      
,comm]cial space habitat ,!             
,adm9i/ration may n engage 9 an activity
 "u subsection 7b77#c7 until aft] ! date
 on :i* ! ,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa aw>ds a 
contract = ! use ( a dock+ port on !    
,,iss4  7d7 ,reports ,n lat] ?an #cj    
days aft] ! date on :i* an aw>d or      
agreem5t is made "u subsection 7b77#c71 
! ,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa %all submit to !
 ,committee on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 &     
,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & !          
,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &        
,te*nology ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a

 report on ! developm5t ( ! comm]cial   
space /ation or comm]cial space habitat1
 z applicable1 includ+ a bus9ess plan = 
h[ ! activity w--  7#a7 meet ,,nasa's   
future requirem5ts = l[-,e>? orbit human
 space flight s]vices2 &  7#b7 satisfy !
 non-,f$]al fund+ requirem5t "u         
subsection 7c77#a74  7e7 ,au?orization (
 appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be  
appropriat$ to ! ,adm9i/rator ( ,,nasa  
to c>ry out a l[-,e>? comm]cialization  
program "u ?is section #aej1jjj1jjj =   
fiscal ye> #bjbj4  #cjg4 ,bureau (      
,space ,comm]ce  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt]    
#ejg ( title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1  
is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 ! head+1 by /rik+     
,(fice & ins]t+ ,bureau2  7#b7 by am5d+ 
section #ejgja to read z foll[s3        
#ejgja4 ,def9ition ( ,bureau ,9 ?is     
*apt]1 ! t]m ,bureau means ! ,bureau (  
,space ,comm]ce e/abli%$ 9 section      
#ejgjb ( ?is title4  2  7#c7 9 section  
#ejgjb-- 7,a7 by am5d+ subsection 7a7 to
 read z foll[s3  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re is   
e/abli%$ )9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce a    

,bureau ( ,space ,comm]ce4  2  7,b7 by  
am5d+ subsection 7b7 to read z foll[s3  
7b7 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ,! ,bureau %all 
be head$ by an ,assi/ant ,secret>y =    
,space ,comm]ce1 to be appo9t$ by !     
,presid5t ) ! advice & cons5t ( ! ,s5ate
 & comp5sat$ at level ,,ii or ,,iii ( ! 
,executive ,s*$ule1 z det]m9$ by !      
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce4 ,! ,assi/ant      
,secret>y %all report directly to !     
,secret>y ( ,comm]ce4  2  7,c7 9        
subsection 7c7-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+   
p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ ,(fice & ins]t+ 
,bureau2  7ii7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by      
ins]t+ 1 includ+ activities lic5s$ "u   
*apt] #fja ( ?is title be=e ! semicolon2
 &  7iii7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+     
,position1 & ins]t+ ,position+12 &  7,d7
 9 subsection 7d7-- 7i7 9 ! head+1 by   
/rik+ ,director & ins]t+ ,assi/ant      
,secret>y2  7ii7 9 ! matt] prec$+       
p>agraph 7#a7-- 7,i7 by /rik+ ,director 
& ins]t+ ,assi/ant ,secret>y2 &  7,,ii7 
by /rik+ ,(fice %all & ins]t+ ,bureau   
%all1 "u ! direction & sup]vision ( !   

,secret>y12  7iii7 by r$esignat+        
p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#g7 z p>agraphs   
7#c7 ?r\gh 7#i71 respectively2 &  7iv7  
by ins]t+ be=e p>agraph 7#c71 z         
r$esignat$1 ! foll[+3  7#a7 to ov]see ! 
issu+ ( lic5ses "u *apt] #fja ( ?is     
title2  7#b7 coord9at+ ,dep>tm5t policy 
impact+ comm]cial space activities &    
work+ ) o!r executive ag5cies to promote
 policies t advance comm]cial space     
activities2  2 &  7v7 9 p>agraph 7#h71 z
 r$esignat$1 by ins]t+ 1 consi/5t ) !   
int]national obligations1 =eign policy1 
& national security int]e/s ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates be=e ! semicolon2  7#d7 9 section
 #ejgjc-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,(fice & ins]t+ 
,bureau2 &  7,b7 by /rik+ ,committee on 
,sci5ce & ,te*nology ( ! ,h\se (        
,repres5tatives & ins]t+ ,committee on  
,sci5ce1 ,space1 & ,te*nology ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives2 &  7#e7 by add+ at ! 
end ! foll[+3  #ejgjd4 ,au?orization (  
appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be   
appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce to
 c>ry out ?is *apt] #aj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( 

fiscal ye>s #bjbj ?r\gh #bjbd4  4  7b7  
,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5ts  7#a7 ,table
 ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts ( *apt]   
#ejg ( title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1  
is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 ! item relat+ to      
section #ejgja1 by /rik+ ,(fice & ins]t+
 ,bureau2 &  7,b7 by add+ aft] ! item   
relat+ to section #ejgjc ! foll[+3      
#ejgjd4 ,au?orization ( appropriations4 
4  7#b7 ,table ( *apt]s ,! table (      
*apt]s ( title #ea1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1
 is am5d$ 9 ! item relat+ to *apt] #ejg 
by /rik+ ,(fice & ins]t+ ,bureau4  7#c7 
,coop]ation ) =m] ,soviet ,republics    
,section #bah ( ! ,national ,a]onautics 
& ,space ,adm9i/ration ,au?orization    
,act1 ,fiscal ,ye> #aiic 7#ea ,u4,s4,c4 
#ejgjb note7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ,(fice   
ea* place x appe>s & ins]t+ ,bureau4    
,decemb] #aa1 #bjai,report$ )\t am5dm5t