,,ii  #aafth ,,congress  #ast ,session  
,s4 #iji  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the
 ,,united ,,states  ,march #bg1 #bjai   
,mr4 ,sasse 7for himself1 ,mr4          
,grassley1 ,mr4 ,lankford1 ,mr4 ,tillis1
 ,mr4 ,hawley1 ,mr4 ,crapo1 ,mr4        
,cornyn1 ,mr4 ,lee1 ,mr4 ,rounds1 and   
,mr4 ,inhofe7 introduced the following  
bill2 which was read twice and referred 
to the ,committee on the ,judiciary  ,a 
,,bill  ,to amend title #e1 ,united     
,states ,code1 with respect to the      
judicial review of agency               
interpretations of statutory and        
regulatory provisions4  #a4 ,short title
 ,this ,act may be cited as the         
,separation of ,powers ,restoration     
,act4  #b4 ,judicial review of statutory
 and regulatory interpretations ,section
 #gjf of title #e1 ,united ,states      
,code1 is amended--  7#a7 by striking   
,to the extent necessary and inserting  
7a7 ,to the extent necessary2  7#b7 in  
subsection 7a71 as so designated--  7,a7
 by striking decide all relevant        

questions of law1 interpret             
constitutional and statutory provisions1
 and2 and  7,b7 by inserting after of   
the terms of an agency action the       
following3 and decide de novo all       
relevant questions of law1 including the
 interpretation of constitutional and   
statutory provisions1 and rules made by 
agencies4 ,if the reviewing court       
determines that a statutory or          
regulatory provision relevant to its    
decision contains a gap or ambiguity1   
the court shall not interpret that gap  
or ambiguity as an implicit delegation  
to the agency of legislative rule making
 authority and shall not rely on the gap
 or ambiguity as a justification for    
interpreting agency authority           
expansively or for deferring to the     
agency's interpretation on the question 
of law4 ,notwithstanding any other      
provision of law1 this subsection shall 
apply in any action for judicial review 
of agency action authorized under any   
provision of law4 ,no law may exempt any

 such civil action from the application 
of this section except by specific      
reference to this section2 and  7#c7 by 
striking ,the reviewing court shall--   
and inserting the following3  7b7 ,the  
reviewing court shall--  4