#aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,s4 #eij
  ,,an ,,act  ,to aw>d ,congressional   
,gold ,m$als to ,ka!r9e ,johnson & ,dr4 
,*ri/9e ,d>d51 to po/hum\sly aw>d       
,congressional ,gold ,m$als to ,doro?y  
,vaughan & ,m>y ,jackson1 & to aw>d a   
,congressional ,gold ,m$al to honor all 
( ! wom5 :o contribut$ to ! success ( ! 
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration dur+ ! ,space ,race4  #a4 
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,hidd5 ,figures ,congressional ,gold    
,m$al ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !
 foll[+3 7#a7 ,9 #aice1 ! ,national     
,advisory ,committee = ,a]onautics      
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z ,,naca7 hir$ 
#e wom5 to s]ve z ! fir/ comput] pool at
 ! ,langley ,memorial ,a]onautical      
,laboratory :]e ^? wom5 took on "w mak+ 
calculations t male eng9e]s _h made     
previ\sly4  7#b7 ,dur+ ! #aidjs1 ,,naca 
began recruit+ ,african-,am]ican wom5 to
 "w z comput]s & initially sep>at$ ^?   
wom5 f _! ,:ite c\nt]p>ts 9 a gr\p kn[n 
z ! ,we/ ,area ,comput]s :]e ! wom5 7   

re/rict$ to segregat$ d9+ & ba?room     
facilities4  7#c7 ,ka!r9e ,johnson 0    
born on ,augu/ #bf1 #aiah1 9 ,:ite      
,sulphur ,spr+s1 ,we/ ,virg9ia4  7#d7 ,9
 #aiec1 ,ka!r9e ,johnson began h] c>e] 9
 a]onautics z a comput] 9 ! segregat$   
,we/ ,area ,comput+ unit describ$ 9     
p>agraph 7#b74  7#e7 ,z a memb] ( !     
,flight ,rese>* ,division1 ,ka!r9e      
,johnson analyz$ data f flight te/s4    
,aft] ,,naca 0 re=mulat$ into !         
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z
 ,,nasa71 ,ka!r9e ,johnson-- 7,a7       
calculat$ ! trajectory = ,alan ,%ep>d's 
,fre$om #g mission 9 #aifa1 :i* 0 ! fir/
 human spaceflight by an individual f ! 
,unit$ ,/ates2  7,b7 co-au?or$ a report 
t provid$ ! equations = describ+ orbital
 spaceflight ) a specifi$ l&+ po9t1 :i* 
made h] ! fir/ woman to be recogniz$ z  
an au?or ( a report f ! ,flight ,rese>* 
,division2  7,c7 0 ask$ to v]ify !      
calculations :5 electronic comput]s at  
,,nasa 7 us$ to calculate ! orbit =     

,john ,gl5n's ,fri5d%ip #g mission2 &   
7,d7 provid$ calculations = ,,nasa      
?r\gh\t h] c>e]1 includ+ = ! ,apollo    
missions4  7#f7 ,ka!r9e ,johnson retir$ 
f ,,nasa 9 #aihf4  7#g7 ,dr4 ,*ri/9e    
,d>d5 0 born on ,septemb] #aj1 #aidb1 9 
,monroe1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4  7#h7 ,9 #aifb1 
,dr4 ,*ri/9e ,d>d5 graduat$ f ,hampton  
,in/itute ) a ,b4,s4 9 ,ma!matics & a   
tea*+ cr$5tial4  7#i7 ,dr4 ,*ri/9e ,d>d5
 att5d$ ,virg9ia ,/ate ,univ]sity :]e %e
 /udi$ a]osol physics & e>n$ an ,m4,s4 9
 ,appli$ ,ma!matics4  7#aj7 ,dr4 ,*ri/9e
 ,d>d5 began h] c>e] 9 a]onautics 9     
#aifg z a data analy/ at ,,nasa's       
,langley ,rese>* ,c5t] 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is 
section z ,langley7 be=e be+ promot$ to 
a]ospace eng9e] 9 #aigc4 ,h] "w 9 ?is   
position result$ 9 ! production (       
l[-boom sonic effects1 :i* revolutioniz$
 a]odynamics design4  7#aa7 ,dr4 ,*ri/9e
 ,d>d5 complet$ h] education by e>n+ a  
,ph4,d4 9 ,me*anical ,eng9e]+ f ,george 
,wa%+ton ,univ]sity 9 #aihc4  7#ab7     
,:ile work+ at ,,nasa1 ,dr4 ,*ri/9e     

,d>d5-- 7,a7 0 appo9t$ to be ! lead] ( !
 ,sonic ,boom ,team1 :i* work$ on       
designs to m9imize ! effects ( sonic    
booms by te/+ w+ & nose designs =       
sup]sonic aircraft2  7,b7 wrote m ?an   
#ej articles on a]onautics design2 &    
7,c7 became ! fir/ ,african ,am]ican to 
be promot$ to a position 9 ! ,s5ior     
,executive ,s]vice at ,langley4  7#ac7  
,doro?y ,vaughan 0 born on ,septemb]    
#bj1 #aiaj1 9 ,kansas ,city1 ,miss\ri4  
7#ad7 ,doro?y ,vaughan began work+ =    
,,naca 9 #aidc4 ,doro?y ,vaughan-- 7,a7 
/>t$ at ,,naca z a memb] ( ! ,we/ ,area 
,comput+ unit2  7,b7 0 promot$ to be !  
head ( ! ,we/ ,area ,comput+ unit1      
becom+ ,,naca's fir/ ,african-,am]ican  
sup]visor1 a position t %e held = #i    
ye>s2 &  7,c7 became an exp]t programm] 
9 ,,=tran z a memb] ( ,,nasa's ,analysis
 & ,computation ,division4  7#ae7       
,doro?y ,vaughan retir$ f ,,nasa 9 #aiga
 & di$ on ,novemb] #aj1 #bjjh4  7#af7   
,m>y ,jackson 0 born on ,april #i1      
#aiba1 9 ,hampton1 ,virg9ia4  7#ag7 ,m>y

 ,jackson />t$ h] c>e] at ,,naca 9      
#aiea1 work+ z a comput] z a memb] ( !  
,we/ ,area ,comput+ unit4  7#ah7 ,aft]  
petition+ ! city ( ,hampton to all[ h]  
to take graduate-level c\rses 9 ma? &   
physics at night at ! all-,:ite ,hampton
 ,high ,s*ool1 ,m>y ,jackson 0 able to  
complete ! requir$ tra9+ to become an   
eng9e]1 mak+ h] ,,nasa's fir/ female    
,african-,am]ican eng9e]4  7#ai7 ,m>y   
,jackson-- 7,a7 :ile at ,,naca &        
,,nasa-- 7i7 work$ 9 ! ,!oretical       
,a]odynamics ,bran* ( !                 
,subsonic-,transonic ,a]odynamics       
,division at ,langley :]e %e analyz$ w9d
 tunnel & aircraft flight data2 &  7ii7 
publi%$ a doz5 te*nical pap]s t focus$  
on ! b\nd>y lay] ( air ar\nd airplanes2 
&  7,b7 aft] #ba ye>s work+ z an eng9e] 
at ,,nasa1 transition$ to a new job z   
,langley's ,f$]al ,wom5's ,program      
,manag] :]e %e work$ to improve !       
prospects ( ,,nasa's female             
ma!maticians1 eng9e]s1 & sci5ti/s4      
7#bj7 ,m>y ,jackson retir$ f ,,nasa 9   

#aihe & di$ 9 #bjje4  7#ba7 ,^! #d wom51
 along ) ! o!r ,african-,am]ican wom5 9 
,,nasa's ,we/ ,area ,comput+ unit1 7    
integral to ! success ( ! e>ly space    
program4 ,! /ories ( ^! #d wom5         
exemplify ! exp]i5ces ( hundr$s ( wom5  
:o work$ z comput]s1 ma!maticians1 &    
eng9e]s at ,,naca beg9n+ 9 ! #aicjs & ! 
h&made calculations t !y made play$ an  
integral role 9-- 7,a7 aircraft te/+    
dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii2  7,b7 sup]sonic      
flight rese>*2  7,c7 s5d+ ! ,voyag]     
probes to explore ! sol> sy/em2 &  7,d7 
! ,unit$ ,/ates l&+ ! fir/ man on ! lun>
 surface4  #c4 ,congressional ,gold     
,m$als  7a7 ,pres5tation au?oriz$ ,!    
,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! 
,presid5t pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate %all   
make appropriate arrangem5ts = !        
pres5tation1 on behalf ( ,congress1 ( #e
 gold m$als ( appropriate design z      
foll[s3 7#a7 ,"o gold m$al to ,ka!r9e   
,johnson 9 recognition ( h] s]vice to ! 
,unit$ ,/ates z a ma!matician4  7#b7 ,"o
 gold m$al to ,dr4 ,*ri/9e ,d>d5 = h]   

s]vice to ! ,unit$ ,/ates z an          
a]onautical eng9e]4  7#c7 ,9 recognition
 ( _! s]vice to ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ !  
,space ,race-- 7,a7 #a gold m$al        
commemorat+ ! life ( ,doro?y ,vaughan2 &
  7,b7 #a gold m$al commemorat+ ! life (
 ,m>y ,jackson4  7#d7 ,"o gold m$al 9   
recognition ( all wom5 :o s]v$ z        
comput]s1 ma!maticians1 & eng9e]s at !  
,national ,advisory ,committee =        
,a]onautics & ! ,national ,a]onautics & 
,space ,adm9i/ration betwe5 ! #aicjs & !
 #aigjs 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z      
recogniz$ wom574  7b7 ,design & /rik+ ,=
 ! purpose ( ! aw>ds "u subsection 7a71 
! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury 7ref]r$ to 9  
?is ,act z ! ,secret>y7 %all /rike ea*  
gold m$al describ$ 9 t subsection )     
suitable emblems1 devices1 &            
inscriptions1 to be det]m9$ by !        
,secret>y4  7c7 ,transf] ( c]ta9 m$als  
aft] pres5tation  7#a7 ,smi?sonian      
,in/itution  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,aft] ! aw>d 
( ! gold m$al commemorat+ ! life (      
,doro?y ,vaughan "u subsection          

7a77#c77;,a7 & ! aw>d ( ! gold m$al 9   
recognition ( recogniz$ wom5 "u         
subsection 7a77#d71 ^? m$als %all be    
giv5 to ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution :]e ! 
m$als %all be-- 7i7 available = display1
 z appropriate2 &  7ii7 made available =
 rese>*4  7,b7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is !
 s5se ( ,congress t ! ,smi?sonian       
,in/itution %\ld make ! gold m$als      
receiv$ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 available   
=-- 7i7 display1 p>ticul>ly at !        
,national ,museum ( ,african ,am]ican   
,hi/ory & ,culture2 or  7ii7 loan1 z    
appropriate1 s t ! m$als may be display$
 else:]e4  7#b7 ,transf] to family ,aft]
 ! aw>d ( ! gold m$al 9 honor ( ,m>y    
,jackson "u subsection 7a77#c77;,b71 !  
m$al %all be giv5 to h] gr&daught]1 ,w&a
 ,jackson4  #d4 ,duplicate m$als ,"u    
regulations t ! ,secret>y may           
promulgate1 ! ,secret>y may /rike & sell
 duplicates 9 bronze ( ! gold m$als     
/ruck "u ?is ,act1 at a price suffici5t 
to cov] ! co/ ( ! m$als1 includ+ labor1 
mat]ials1 dies1 use ( ma*9]y1 & ov]head 

exp5ses4  #e4 ,/atus ( m$als  7a7       
,national m$als ,! m$als /ruck "u ?is   
,act are national m$als = purposes (    
*apt] #ea ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates    
,code4  7b7 ,numismatic items ,=        
purposes ( sections #eacd & #eacf (     
title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 all     
m$als /ruck "u ?is ,act %all be consid]$
 to be numismatic items4  #f4 ,au?ority 
,to use fund am\nts2 proce$s ( sale  7a7
 ,au?ority ,to use fund am\nts ,!re is  
au?oriz$ to be *>g$ aga9/ ! ,unit$      
,/ates ,m9t ,public ,ent]prise ,fund su*
 am\nts z may be necess>y to pay = !    
co/s ( ! m$als /ruck "u ?is ,act4  7b7  
,proce$s ( sale ,am\nts receiv$ f ! sale
 ( duplicate bronze m$als au?oriz$ "u   
section #d %all be deposit$ into !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,m9t ,public ,ent]prise   
,fund4  ,pass$ ! ,s5ate ,m>* #bg1       
#bjai4,secret>y