,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dgeb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,septemb] #bi1         
#bjbj,ms4 ,w>r5 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2
 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !         
,committee on ,indian ,affairs  ,a      
,,bill  ,to e/abli% ! ,tru? & ,heal+    
,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool    
,policy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & = o!r      
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission 
on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy ,act4  
#b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds z foll[s3 7#a7
 ,! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy 0     
adopt$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to  
/rip ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native 
7,,ai_/,,an7 *ildr5 ( _! indig5\s       
id5tities1 beliefs1 & traditional       
languages to assimilate !m into ,:ite   
,am]ican culture ?r\gh f$]ally fund$    
,*ri/ian-run s*ools1 :i* _h ! effect (  
cultural g5ocide4  7#b7 ,= ne>ly a      
c5tury1 betwe5 #ahfi & ! #aifjs1 !      
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t implem5t$ ! ,indian    
,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy4 ,?is policy      

au?oriz$ ! =c$ removal ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s
 ( ,,ai_/,,an *ildr51 z "y z #e ye>s    
old1 relocat+ !m f _! homes 9 ,tribal   
communities to "o ( ! #cfg ,indian      
,bo>d+ ,s*ools across #cj ,/ates4  7#c7 
,by #aibf1 ne>ly #hc p]c5t ( ,,ai_/,,an 
s*ool-age *ildr5 7 enroll$ 9 ,indian    
bo>d+ s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h[ev]1 
because ne>ly #fb p]c5t ( ! s*ool       
records h be5 lo/ or de/roy$1 ! full    
ext5t ( ! ,f$]al ,indian bo>d+ s*ool    
policy has n be5 id5tifi$4  7#d7 ,g54   
,ri*>d ,h5ry ,pratt1 ! f\nd] &          
sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,c>lisle ,indian         
,indu/rial ,s*ool 9 ,c>lisle1           
,p5nsylvania1 /at$ ! e?os ( ?is policy  
to kill ! ,indian 9 him1 & save ! man4  
,f\nd$ 9 #ahgi1 ! ,c>lisle ,indian      
,s*ool set ! prec$5t z ! fir/           
,gov]nm5t-fund$ (f-res]vation ,indian   
bo>d+ s*ool 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e ov]   
#aj1jjj ,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 7 enroll$ f   
ov] #adj ,tribes4  7#e7 ,! ,indian      
,bo>d+ ,s*ool policy 0 design$ to       
assimilate ,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 into ,:ite 

,am]ican culture by /ripp+ !m ( _!      
cultural id5tities1 (t5 ?r\gh physical1 
sexual1 psy*ological1 & spiritual abuse 
& neglect4 ,_m ( ! *ildr5 :o 7 tak5 to  
bo>d+ s*ools nev] return$ to _!         
communities4 ,at ! ,c>lisle ,indian     
,s*ool alone1 approximately #ahj        
,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 7 buri$4  7#f7 ,:ile  
att5d+ ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 ,,ai_/,,an 
*ildr5 suff]$ additional psy*ological   
abuses z !y 7 s5t to ,:ite-own$ homes & 
bus9esses = involunt>y & unpaid manual  
labor "w dur+ ! summ]s4 ,_m *ildr5 ran  
away & rema9$ miss+1 or di$ ( illnesses 
due to h>% liv+ conditions1 abuse1 &_/or
 sub/&>d heal? c>e provid$ by ! s*ools4 
7#g7 ,_m ( ! *ildr5 7 buri$ 9 unm>k$    
graves or (f-campus cemet]ies4          
,inaccurate1 scatt]$1 & miss+ s*ool     
records make x ne>ly impossible =       
families to locate ! f9al re/+ place (  
_! lov$ ones1 especially s9ce only #ch  
p]c5t ( ! s*ool's records h be5 locat$ f
 #adb ( ! kn[n #cfg bo>d+ s*ools4  7#h7 
,p>5ts ( ! *ildr5 :o 7 =cibly remov$ to 

! bo>d+ s*ools 7 prohibit$ f visit+ or  
engag+ 9 correspond5ce ) _! *ildr54     
,p>5tal resi/ance to compliance ) ?is   
h>% no-contact policy result$ 9 _!      
inc>c]ation or loss ( access to basic   
provisions includ+ food rations1 clo?+1 
or bo?4  7#i7 ,! #bjah ,brok5 ,promises 
,report publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,commission on ,civil ,rights report$ t 
,,ai_/,,an communities cont9ue to       
exp]i5ce int]g5]ational trauma result+ f
 exp]i5ces 9 ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ools t   
divid$ cultural family /ructures1 damag$
 indig5\s id5tities1 & inflict$ *ronic  
psy*ological ramifications on ,,ai_/,,an
 *ildr5 & families4  7#aj7 ,! ,c5t]s =  
,disease ,control & ,prev5tion ,kais]   
,p]man5te ,adv]se ,*ildhood ,exp]i5ces  
,/udy %[s t adv]se or traumatic *ildhood
 exp]i5ces disrupts bra9 developm5t     
lead+ to a high] likelihood ( negative  
heal? outcomes z adults includ+1 b n    
limit$ to1 he>t disease1 obesity1       
diabetes1 & autoimmune diseases4        
,,ai_/,a,ns suff] f disproportional     

rates ( ea* ( ^! diseases comp>$ to !   
national av]age today4  7#aa7 ,! long/&+
 ramifications ( ! inhumane treatm5t (  
,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 & families at ^! bo>d+
 s*ools cont9ues to impact ,tribal      
communities ?r\gh int]g5]ational trauma1
 cycles ( viol5ce & abuse1 disappe>ance1
 heal? disp>ities1 sub/ance abuse1      
premature dea?s1 & additional undocum5t$
 psy*ological trauma4  7#ab7 ,! cont9u+ 
la/+ implications ( ! ,f$]al ,indian    
,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy & inhumane        
treatm5t ( ,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 & families 
influ5c$ mod]n ,u4,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( !     
,int]ior's ,bureau ( ,indian ,education 
7,,bie7-op]at$ s*ools4 ,^! s*ools h (t5 
fail$ to meet ! _m ne$s ( ne>ly #ej1jjj 
,,ai_/,,an /ud5ts across #bc ,/ates4    
7#ac7 ,! replication ( assimilation     
policies ( ! bo>d+ s*ool era also       
pres5t$ itself ?r\gh o!r ,f$]al programs
 l ! ,indian ,adoption ,project 7#aieh  
to #aifg7 t plac$ ,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 9   
non-,indian h\seholds & in/itutions =   
fo/] c>e or adoption across #be ,/ates4 

7#ad7 ,! ,association on ,am]ican       
,indian ,affairs report$ t ! cont9uation
 ( cultural g5ocide & assimilation      
policies ?r\gh ,f$]al ,,ai_/,,an        
adoption & fo/] c>e programs betwe5     
#aida to #aifg sep>at$ z _m z "o-?ird ( 
,native ,am]ican *ildr5 f _! families 9 
,tribal communities1 subsequ5tly prompt+
 ! creation ( ! ,indian ,*ild ,welf>e   
,act 7,,icwa7 to /op ! removal ( *ildr54
  7#ae7 ,9 "s ,/ates1 ov] #ej p]c5t (   
fo/] c>e *ildr5 9 ,/ate adoption sy/ems 
are ,native ,am]ican4 ,! g5]al lack (   
public aw>5ess1 in=mation1 & ackn[l$gm5t
 ( ! residual impacts ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+
 ,s*ool ,policy & int]g5]ational trauma 
rema91 signal+ ! ov]due ne$ = an        
inve/igative ,f$]al committee to fur!r  
docum5t & expose ! assimilation &       
cultural g5ocide implem5t$ "u ?is       
policy4  #c4 ,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is
 ,act are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,to e/abli% a  
new ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on       
,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates to =mally inve/igate & docum5t1 

= ! fir/ "t 9 hi/ory1 cultural g5ocide1 
assimilation practices1 & human rights  
violations ( ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ools 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 to /udy ! impact & ongo+ 
effects ( hi/orical & int]g5]ational    
trauma 9 ,tribal communities1 & to      
provide a =um = indig5\s victims &      
families to discuss ! p]sonal impacts ( 
physical1 psy*ological1 & spiritual     
viol5ce4  7#b7 ,to fur!r develop        
recomm5dations = ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to  
ackn[l$ge & heal ! hi/orical &          
int]g5]ational trauma caus$ by ! ,f$]al 
,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy & o!r     
cultural g5ocide practices1 includ+     
recomm5dations to /op ! cont9u$ removal 
( ,,ai_/,,an *ildr5 f _! families &     
,tribal communities "u mod]n-day        
assimilation practices c>ri$ out by     
,/ate social s]vice dep>tm5ts1 fo/] c>e 
ag5cies1 & adoption s]vices4  #d4 ,tru? 
& ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+  
,s*ool ,policy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates  7a7   
,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7        
,commission ,! t]m ,commission means !  

,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian   
,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
e/abli%$ by subsection 7b77#a74  7#b7   
,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy ,! t]m    
,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy means !   
policy ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t "u :i* m ?an
 #ajj1jjj ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska    
,native *ildr5 7 =cibly remov$ f _!     
family homes & plac$ 9 any ( #dfj       
,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs-op]at$       
s*ools1 includ+ #cfg ,indian bo>d+      
s*ools1 at :i* assimilation &           
civilization practices 7 inflict$ on ^? 
*ildr5 z "p ( ! assimilation ef=ts ( !  
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 advanc+ eradication ( 
indig5\s peoples' cultures 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates4  7b7 ,e/abli%m5t  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,!re is e/abli%$ ! ,tru? & ,heal+       
,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool    
,policy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7        
,purpose ,! purpose ( ! ,commission is  
to inve/igate ! exp]i5ce1 impacts1 &    
ongo+ effects ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool 
,policy1 includ+ ! impacts & ongo+      
effects ( ! int]g5]ational trauma       

inflict$ on ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska  
,native families1 includ+ physical1     
psy*ological1 sexual1 & spiritual       
viol5ce inflict$ on ,native ,am]ican    
*ildr5 z "y z #e ye>s old = speak+      
indig5\s languages or engag+ 9          
traditional practices4 ,9 addition to1  
obta9+ accurate records & oral acc\nts (
 ! ev5ts t took place at ! bo>d+ s*ools4
  7#c7 ,memb]%ip  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!      
,commission %all be compos$ ( memb]s    
appo9t$ z foll[s3 7i7 ,n few] ?an #a    
memb] appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t4  7ii7 ,n  
few] ?an #a memb] appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t
 pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate1 on !           
recomm5dation ( ! majority lead] ( !    
,s5ate4  7iii7 ,n few] ?an #a memb]     
appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t pro tempore ( !  
,s5ate1 on ! recomm5dation ( ! m9ority  
lead] ( ! ,s5ate4  7iv7 ,n few] ?an #b  
memb]s appo9t$ by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( 
,repres5tatives1 ( :om n few] ?an #a    
%all be appo9t$ on ! recomm5dation ( !  
m9ority lead] ( ! ,h\se (               
,repres5tatives4  7,b7 ,requirem5ts =   

memb]%ip ,to ! maximum ext5t            
practicable1 ! ,presid5t & ! ,memb]s (  
,congress %all appo9t memb]s ( !        
,commission "u subp>agraph 7,a7 to      
repres5t div]se exp]i5ces & backgr\nds s
 z to include ,tribal repres5tatives &  
exp]ts :o w provide balanc$ po9ts ( view
 ) reg>d to ! duties ( ! ,commission1   
includ+ ,tribal repres5tatives &        
exp]ts-- 7i7 f div]se geographic areas2 
&  7ii7 :o possess p]sonal exp]i5ce )1  
div]se policy exp]i5ce )1 or specific   
exp]tise 91 ,indian bo>d+ s*ool hi/ory  
or ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy4     
7,c7 ,presid5tial appo9tm5t ,! ,presid5t
 %all make appo9tm5ts to ! ,commission  
"u ?is p>agraph 9 coord9ation ) !       
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior & ! ,director ( !
 ,bureau ( ,indian ,education4  7,d7    
,memb]s to be includ$ ,to ! maximum     
ext5t practicable1 ! memb]%ip ( !       
,commission %all include-- 7i7 #a       
repres5tative f ea* (-- 7,i7 ! ,national
 ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+  
,coalition2  7,,ii7 ! ,national ,indian 

,education ,association2  7,,iii7 !     
,am]ican ,indian ,high] ,education      
,consortium2 &  7,,iv7 ,national ,indian
 ,*ild ,welf>e ,association2  7ii7 !    
,director or ,adm9i/rator (-- 7,i7 !    
,bureau ( ,indian ,education2  7,,ii7 ! 
,(fice ( ,indian ,education ( !         
,dep>tm5t ( ,education2  7,,iii7 !      
,adm9i/ration = ,native ,am]icans ( !   
,adm9i/ration = ,*ildr5 & ,families ( ! 
,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices2 & 
7,,iv7 ! ,national ,museum ( ! ,am]ican 
,indian ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution2    
7iii7 n few] ?an-- 7,i7 #e memb]s (     
diff]5t ,indian ,tribes f div]se        
geographic areas1 to be select$ f among 
nom9ations submitt$ by ,indian ,tribes2 
7,,ii7 #b heal? c>e or m5tal heal?      
practition]s1 c\nselors1 or provid]s )  
exp]i5ce 9 work+ ) =m] /ud5ts ( ,indian 
bo>d+ s*ools1 to be select$ f among     
nom9ations ( ,tribal *airs or elect$    
,tribal lead]%ip local to ! region 9 :i*
 ! practition]1 c\nselor1 or provid]    
works2  7,,iii7 #c memb]s ( diff]5t     

national ,indian organizations1 regional
 ,indian organizations1 or urban ,indian
 organizations t are focus$ on1 or h    
relevant exp]tise )1 ! hi/ory & sy/emic 
trauma associat$ ) ! ,indian ,bo>d+     
,s*ool ,policy2  7,,iv7 #d =m] /ud5ts or
 ,indian survivors :o att5d$ ,indian    
bo>d+ s*ools2  7,v7 #b family memb]s (  
/ud5ts :o att5d$ ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1  
to repres5t div]se regions ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates2  7,,vi7 #b /ud5ts :o curr5tly   
att5d an ,indian bo>d+ s*ool1 includ+ n 
few] ?an #a /ud5t :o curr5tly att5ds !  
,*emawa ,indian ,s*ool 7,,or71 ,haskell 
,indian ,nations ,univ]sity 7,,ks71     
,m\nt ,edgecumbe 7,,ak71 ,santa ,fe     
,indian ,s*ool 7,,nm71 or ,%]man        
,in/itute 7,,ca72  7,,vii7 #b /ud5ts :o 
curr5tly att5d a ,,bie-op]at$ bo>d+     
s*ool1 tribally controll$ bo>d+ s*ool1  
,/ate public bo>d+ s*ool1 private       
nonpr(it bo>d+ s*ool =m]ly op]at$ by !  
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 p>o*ial bo>d+ s*ool1 &
 ,,bie-op]at$ college or univ]sity2     
7,,viii7 #b =m] tea*]s :o taught at an  

,indian bo>d+ s*ool = n few] ?an #e     
ye>s2 &  7,,ix7 #a repres5tative ( !    
,int]national ,indian ,treaty ,c\ncil   
7,,iitc7 or ,association on ,am]ican    
,indian ,affairs 7,,aaia74  7,e7 ,date  
,! appo9tm5ts ( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission
 %all be made n lat] ?an #abj days aft] 
! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7#d7   
,p]iod ( appo9tm5t2 vacancies2 removal  
7,a7 ,p]iod ( appo9tm5t ,a memb] ( !    
,commission %all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( #b
 ye>s4  7,b7 ,vacancies ,a vacancy 9 !  
,commission-- 7i7 %all n affect ! p[]s (
 ! ,commission2 &  7ii7 %all be fill$ 9 
! same mann] z ! orig9al appo9tm5t4     
7,c7 ,removal ,! ,presid5t or a ,memb] (
 ,congress mak+ an appo9tm5t "u p>agraph
 7#c77;,a7 may remove a memb] appo9t$ by
 t ,presid5t or ,memb] ( ,congress1     
respectively1 only = neglect ( duty or  
malfeasance 9 (fice4  7#e7 ,meet+s ,!   
,commission %all meet at ! call ( !     
,*airp]son4  7#f7 ,quorum ,a majority ( 
! memb]s ( ! ,commission %all con/itute 
a quorum1 b a less] numb] ( memb]s may  

hold he>+s4  7#g7 ,*airp]son & vice     
*airp]son ,! ,commission %all select a  
,*airp]son & ,vice ,*airp]son f among ! 
memb]s ( ! ,commission4  7c7 ,duties ( !
 commission  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!           
,commission %all develop recomm5dations 
on actions ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t c take to 
adequately address ! hi/orical &        
int]g5]ational trauma inflict$ by !     
,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policy1 includ+  
recomm5dations on ways to /op ! cont9u$ 
removal ( ,indian *ildr5 f _! families &
 res]vations "u mod]n-day assimilation  
practices c>ri$ out by ,/ate social     
s]vice dep>tm5ts1 fo/] c>e ag5cies1 &   
adoption ag5cies4  7#b7 ,matt]s /udi$ ,!
 matt]s /udi$ by ! ,commission "u       
p>agraph 7#a7 %all include-- 7,a7 !     
implem5tation ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool 
,policy at ! #dfj s*ools op]at$ by !    
,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs2  7,b7 h[ !  
assimilation practices ( ! ,f$]al       
,gov]nm5t advanc$ ! cultural g5ocide (  
,native ,am]icans2 &  7,c7 ! impacts &  
ongo+ effects ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool 

,policy4  7#c7 ,additional duties ,9    
c>ry+ out p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,commission  
%all locate1 docum5t1 analyze1 & pres]ve
 records f bo>d+ s*ools describ$ 9      
p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 includ+ any records 
held at ,/ate & local levels4  7#d7     
,te/imony ,! ,commission %all take      
te/imony f survivors ( bo>d+ s*ools     
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 id5tify+ 
h[ ! exp]i5ce impacts ! lives ( !       
survivors1 s t _! /ories w be rememb]$ z
 "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#e7 
,report ,n lat] ?an #bd mon?s aft] !    
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !         
,commission %all make publicly available
 & submit to ! ,presid5t1 ! ,:ite ,h\se 
,c\ncil on ,native ,am]ican ,affairs1 ! 
,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 ! ,committee on 
,indian ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate1 !          
,committee on ,natural ,res\rces ( !    
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! ,memb]s (  
,congress mak+ appo9tm5ts "u p>agraph   
7#c77;,a71 a report conta9+-- 7,a7 a    
detail$ /atem5t ( ! f9d+s & conclusions 
( ! ,commission2  7,b7 ! recomm5dations 

( ! ,commission = su* legislation &     
adm9i/rative actions z ! ,commission    
consid]s appropriate2  7,c7 !           
recomm5dations ( ! ,commission to       
increase ,f$]al fund+ to adequately fund
 ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native     
programs = m5tal heal?1 traditional     
heal+ programs1 & m&atory inclusion (   
,native ,am]ican hi/ory1 includ+ !      
hi/ory ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool        
,policy1 9 requir$ ,k-#ab curriculum2 & 
7,d7 o!r relat$ recomm5dations ( !      
,commission-- 7i7 to address hi/orical &
 int]g5]ational trauma inflict$ on      
,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native      
communities by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool  
,policy2 &  7ii7 to discont9ue ! h>mful 
practices & policies t cont9ue 9 bo>d+  
s*ools op]at$ or fund$ by ! ,bureau (   
,indian ,education or o!r educational   
facilities op]at$ on ,indian            
res]vations4  7d7 ,p[]s ( commission ,! 
,commission may hold su* he>+s1 sit &   
act at su* times & places1 take su*     
te/imony1 & receive su* evid5ce z !     

,commission consid]s advisable to c>ry  
out ?is section4