,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dgab  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,septemb] #bd1         
#bjbj,mr4 ,m55dez 7= himself1 ,mr4      
,leahy1 & ,mr4 ,ka9e7 introduc$ ! foll[+
 bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !   
,committee on ,=eign ,relations  ,a     
,,bill  ,to enhance ! consid]ation (    
human rights 9 arms exports4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,safegu>d+ ,human ,rights 9 ,arms       
,exports ,act ( #bjbj or ! ,,safegu>d   
,act4  #b4 ,/atem5t ( policy on control 
( def5se exports & protection ( human   
rights ,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
t "o ( ! purposes = controll+ ! export (
 def5se articles & def5se s]vices to    
=eign c\ntries is to prev5t su* exports 
f be+ us$ 9 violation ( int]national    
humanit>ian law or int]nationally       
recogniz$ human rights1 to require      
acc\ntability = any su* violations1 & to
 ensure t ! sale1 export1 or transf] (  
su* articles & s]vices s]ves to enc\rage
 gov]nm5ts ( =eign c\ntries to fully    

comply ) int]national humanit>ian law & 
obs]ve int]nationally recogniz$ human   
rights4  #c4 ,prohibition ( arms sales  
to c\ntries committ+ g5ocide or w>      
crimes  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,no sale1 export1  
or transf] ( def5se articles or def5se  
s]vices may occur to any c\ntry if !    
,secret>y ( ,/ate has cr$ible in=mation 
t ! gov]nm5t ( su* c\ntry has committ$  
or is committ+ g5ocide or violations (  
int]national humanit>ian law aft] ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7b7          
,exception ,! re/riction "u subsection  
7a7 %all n apply if ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate 
c]tifies to ! appropriate congressional 
committees t-- 7#a7 ! gov]nm5t has      
adequately puni%$ ! p]sons directly or  
indirectly responsible = su* acts ?r\gh 
a cr$ible1 transp>5t1 & effective       
judicial process2  7#b7 appropriate     
measures h be5 in/itut$ to ensure t su* 
acts w n recur2 &  7#c7 o!r appropriate 
comp5sation or appropriate comp5satory  
measures h be5 or are be+ provid$ to !  
p]sons h>m$ by su* acts4  #d4 ,misuse ( 

arms sales = human rights abuses  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,! ,presid5t %all ensure t-- 7#a7
 ! sale1 export1 or transf] ( any def5se
 article or def5se s]vice to a =eign    
c\ntry or int]national organization %all
 be pursuant to an agreem5t t ! gov]nm5t
 ( su* c\ntry or su* int]national       
organization w n use su* article or     
s]vice 9 ! commission1 or to enable !   
commission1 ( a violation ( int]national
 humanit>ian law or int]nationally      
recogniz$ human rights2  7#b7 ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,gov]nm5t has ! legal "r to      
require ! return ( any def5se articles  
sold1 export$1 or transf]r$ to a =eign  
c\ntry or int]national organization if !
 gov]nm5t ( su* c\ntry or su*           
organization has us$ ,unit$ ,/ates-orig9
 def5se articles 9 ! commission1 or has 
enabl$ ! commission1 ( a violation (    
int]national humanit>ian law or         
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights2 &
  7#c7 if def5se articles are sold1     
export$1 or transf]r$ to a =eign c\ntry 
9 a mann] 9 :i* ! int5d$ end us] has n  

be5 id5tifi$ at ! unit level = human    
rights vett+1 ! agreem5t = su* sale1    
export1 or transf] includes a li/ (     
units ineligible to receive su*         
articles1 consi/5t ) applicable         
provisions ( ,unit$ ,/ates law4  7b7    
,eligibility = def5se s]vices or        
articles ,section #c7;a7 ( ! ,arms      
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bgec7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph   
7#a71 by /rik+ & promote _w peace &     
ins]t+ 1 promote _w peace1 & is unlikely
 to contribute to human rights abuses2  
7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ 2 & &    
ins]t+ a semicolon2  7#c7 by r$esignat+ 
p>agraph 7#d7 z p>agraph 7#e72 &  7#d7  
by ins]t+ aft] p>agraph 7#c7 ! foll[+   
new p>agraph3  7#d7 ! c\ntry or         
int]national organization has agre$ n to
 use su* article or s]vice 9 !          
commission1 or to enable ! commission1 (
 a violation ( int]national humanit>ian 
law or int]nationally recogniz$ human   
rights2 &  4  7c7 ,au?oriz$ purpose =   
milit>y sales ,section #d ( ! ,arms     

,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bged7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by ins]t+        
legitimate be=e int]nal security2 &     
7#b7 by ins]t+ 1 provid$ t su* def5se   
articles & def5se s]vices w n pres5t a  
significant risk ( be+ us$ to violate   
int]national humanit>ian law or         
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights   
aft] su* fri5dly c\ntries4  #e4         
,consid]ation ( human rights &          
democratization 9 arms exports  7a7 ,9  
g5]al ,9 consid]+ ! sale1 export1 or    
transf] ( def5se articles & def5se      
s]vices to =eign c\ntries1 ! ,secret>y (
 ,/ate %all-- 7#a7 also consid] ! ext5t 
to :i* ! gov]nm5t ( ! =eign c\ntry      
protects human rights & supports        
democratic in/itutions1 includ+ an      
indep5d5t judici>y2 &  7#b7 ensure t !  
views & exp]tise ( ! ,bureau (          
,democracy1 ,human ,rights1 & ,labor ( !
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate 9 connection ) any   
sale1 export1 or transf] are fully tak5 
into acc\nt4  7b7 ,inspector ,g5]al     
ov]sight ,n lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ! date 

( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & annually     
!reaft] = f\r ye>s1 ! ,inspector ,g5]al 
( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate %all submit to !  
appropriate congressional committees a  
report on ! implem5tation ( ! requirem5t
 "u subsection 7a7 dur+ ! prec$+ ye>4   
#f4 ,enhancem5t ( congressional ov]sight
 ( human rights 9 arms exports  7a7 ,9  
g5]al ,any lett] ( (f] to sell1 or any  
application = a lic5se to export or     
transf]1 def5se articles or def5se      
s]vices controll$ = export %all be      
subject to ! congressional review &     
disapproval requirem5ts1 reg>dless (    
monet>y value1 ( section #cf ( ! ,arms  
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bggf7 if ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate has       
cr$ible in=mation1 ) respect to a c\ntry
 to :i* ! def5se articles or def5se     
s]vices are propos$ to be sold1 export$1
 or transf]r$1 t-- 7#a7 ! gov]nm5t ( su*
 c\ntry on or aft] ! date ( enactm5t (  
?is ,act has be5 depos$ by a c\p d'etat 
or decree 9 :i* ! milit>y play$ a       
decisive role1 & a democratically elect$

 gov]nm5t has n tak5 (fice subsequ5t to 
! c\p or decree2 or  7#b7 a unit ( !    
security =ces ( ! gov]nm5t ( su*        
c\ntry-- 7,a7 has violat$ int]national  
humanit>ian law & has n be5 cr$ibly     
inve/igat$ & subject$ to a cr$ible &    
transp>5t judicial process address+ su* 
allegation2 or  7,b7 has committ$ a     
gross violation ( human rights1 & has n 
be5 cr$ibly inve/igat$ & subject$ to a  
cr$ible & transp>5t judicial process    
address+ su* allegation1 includ+1 int]  
alia-- 7i7 torture or rape2  7ii7 e?nic 
cleans+ ( civilians2  7iii7 recruitm5t  
or use ( *ild soldi]s2  7iv7 unju/ or   
wrongful det5tion2  7v7 ! op]ation (1 or
 effective control or direction ov]1    
secret det5tion facilities2 or  7vi7    
extrajudicial kill+s1 :e!r by milit>y1  
police1 or o!r security =ces4  7b7      
,inclusion ( in=mation 9 human rights   
report ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all also   
provide to ! appropriate congressional  
committees ! report describ$ 9 section  
#ejb;,b7c7 ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act   

7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bcjd7;c77 biannually = !
 p]iod ( "t specifi$ 9 subsection 7c7 ( 
?is section reg>d+ any c\ntry cov]$ "u  
subsection 7a74  7c7 ,duration  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,) respect to a lett] ( (f] to    
sell or an application = a lic5se to    
sell1 export1 or transf] describ$ 9     
subsection 7a71 ! lett] or application  
%all be subject to ! requirem5ts &      
proc$ures = congressional review &      
disapproval "u section #cf ( ! ,arms    
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bggf7 = #b ye>s aft] ! date on :i* !   
,secret>y ( ,/ate receives ! in=mation  
describ$ 9 subsection 7a74  7#b7        
,t]m9ation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,) respect to 
su* a lett] or application1 ! enhanc$   
congressional ov]sight "u subsection 7a7
 & p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is subsection %all  
t]m9ate on ! date on :i* ! ,secret>y (  
,/ate det]m9es & s in=ms ! appropriate  
congressional committees t-- 7i7 !      
cr$ible in=mation describ$ 9 subsection 
7a77#b7 is inaccurate2 or  7ii7 !       
activity has ceas$1 & ! gov]nm5t ( !    

applicable c\ntry has tak5 appropriate  
/eps to ensure t su* activity does n    
recur1 includ+ appropriate puni%m5t = ! 
p]son or p]sons involv$ 9 su* activity4 
7,b7 ,in=mation support+ det]m9ation ,! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate %all submit to !      
appropriate congressional committees all
 in=mation =m+ ! basis = a det]m9ation  
"u subp>agraph 7,a74 ,! det]m9ation     
%all1 to ! fulle/ ext5t possible1 be    
unclassifi$1 b may include a classifi$  
annex4  #g4 ,limitation on sales to     
security =ces involv$ 9 gross violation 
( human rights ,section #fbj,m7a7 ( !   
,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bc     
,u4,s4,c4 #bcgh;d7a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ 
,no assi/ance & all t foll[s ?r\gh ,arms
 ,export ,control ,act & ins]t+ ,no     
assi/ance1 includ+ ! sale ( def5se      
articles or def5se s]vices1 %all be     
furni%$ "u ?is ,act1 ! ,arms ,export    
,control ,act1 or any o!r provision (   
law controll+ ! export or transf] ( su* 
articles & s]vices4  #h4 ,end use       
monitor+ ( misuse ( arms 9 human rights 

abuses  7a7 ,end use monitor+ ,section  
#dj;,a7a77#b77;,b7 ( ! ,arms ,export    
,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bghe7 is  
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 clause 7i71 by /rik+ 2 & 
& ins]t+ a semicolon2  7#b7 9 clause    
7ii71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+
 &22 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+  
new clause3  7iii7 su* articles &       
s]vices are n be+ us$ to violate        
int]national humanit>ian law or         
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights4  
4  7b7 ,report ,! ,secret>y %all report 
to ! appropriate congressional          
committees on ! measures t w be tak51   
includ+ any additional res\rces ne$$1 to
 conduct an effective end-use monitor+  
program to fulfill ! requirem5t ( clause
 7iii7 ( section #dj;,a7a77#b77;,b7 ( ! 
,arms ,export ,control ,act1 z add$ by  
subsection 7a77#c74  #i4 ,human rights  
elem5ts 9 auxili>y reports ,section     
#cf7;b77#a7 ( ! ,arms ,export ,control  
,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bggf7;b77#a77 is   
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,o71 by     
/rik+ 2 & & ins]t+ a semicolon2  7#b7 9 

subp>agraph 7,p71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! 
end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#c7 by add+ at !  
end ! foll[+ new subp>agraph3  7,q7 an  
assessm5t ( ! risk t su* def5se articles
 or def5se s]vices w be us$ 9 !         
commission ( violations ( int]national  
humanit>ian law or int]nationally       
recogniz$ human rights1 & a description 
( any measures to be tak5 by ! recipi5t 
gov]nm5t or by ! ,unit$ ,/ates to prev5t
 & monitor any su* use4  4  #aj4        
,requirem5t = c]ta9 weapons to be       
subject to conditions & end use monitor+
 z =eign milit>y sales ,beg9n+ on ! date
 t is #ahj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t
 ( ?is ,act1 ! foll[+ def5se articles   
may be sold1 export$1 or transf]r$ only 
pursuant to section #cf7;b7 ( ! ,arms   
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bggf7;b773 7#a7 ,rockets1 space laun*  
vehicles1 missiles1 bombs 7includ+      
equipm5t to enable precision guidance71 
torp$oes1 dep? *>ges1 m9es1 & gr5ades4  
7#b7 ,armor$ combat gr\nd vehicles1     
includ+ gr\nd vehicles & trail]s t are  

arm$ or are specially design$ to be us$ 
z a fir+ or laun* plat=m to deliv]      
munitions or o!rwise de/roy or          
incapacitate t>gets1 exclud+ any un>m$  
gr\nd vehicles1 reg>dless ( orig9 or    
designation1 manufactur$ prior to #aief 
& unmodifi$ s9ce #aiee4  7#c7 ,aircraft1
 :e!r mann$1 unmann$1 remotely pilot$1  
or optionally pilot$1 z foll[s3 7,a7    
,bomb]s4  7,b7 ,fight]s1 fight]_/bomb]s1
 & fix$-w+ attack aircraft4  7,c7       
,turb(an- or turbojet-p[]$ tra9]s us$ to
 tra9 pilots = fight]1 attack1 or bomb] 
aircraft4  7,d7 ,attack helicopt]s4     
7,e7 ,unmann$ a]ial vehicles 7,u,a,vs7  
specially design$ to incorporate a      
def5se article4  7,f7 ,aircraft         
specially design$ to incorporate a      
def5se article = ! purpose ( p]=m+ an   
intellig5ce1 surveillance1 &            
reconnaissance function4  7,g7 ,aircraft
 specially design$ to incorporate a     
def5se article = ! purpose ( p]=m+ an   
electronic w>f>e function1 airborne w>n+
 & control aircraft1 or aircraft        

specially design$ to incorporate a      
def5se article = ! purpose ( p]=m+ a    
comm&1 control1 & communications        
function4  #aa4 ,ov]sight ( export (    
sil5c]s to =eign non-gov]nm5tal p]sons  
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,any propos$ lic5se to     
export fire>ms sil5c]s1 muffl]s1 or s\nd
 suppressors to any =eign nongov]nm5tal 
p]son1 gr\p1 or organization may n be   
issu$ until aft] ! propos$ lic5se is    
submitt$ 9 accordance ) section #cf7;c7 
( ! ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb    
,u4,s4,c4 #bggf7;c771 reg>dless ( !     
doll> value ( ! propos$ export or :e!r  
o!r def5se articles or s]vices are      
includ$ 9 su* propos$ lic5se4  7b7      
,secret>y ( ,/ate det]m9ation  7#a7 ,9  
g5]al ,! lic5se ref]r$ to 9 subsection  
7a7 may n be issu$ unless ! ,secret>y ( 
,/ate-- 7,a7 det]m9es t ! propos$ export
 does n pose a risk = ! retransf] ( !   
items ref]r$ to 9 su* subsection to     
=eign p]sons1 includ+ t]rori/s1 t]rori/ 
gr\ps1 insurg5t gr\ps1 crim9als or      
crim9al organizations2 &  7,b7 submits a

 report to ! ,committee on ,=eign       
,relations ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on 
,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives t sets =? ! reasons =1 &
 ! in=mation support+1 su* det]m9ation4 
7#b7 ,=m ( report ,! report requir$ "u  
p>agraph 7#a77;,b7 %all be unclassifi$ &
 %all be made available to ! public to !
 maximum ext5t possible1 b may include a
 classifi$ annex4  #ab4 ,def9itions ,9  
?is ,act3 7#a7 ,! t]m appropriate       
congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,relations & !     
,committee on ,appropriations ( !       
,s5ate2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign  
,affairs & ! ,committee on              
,appropriations ( ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives4  7#b7 ,! t]ms def5se   
article & def5se s]vice h ! same mean+s 
giv5 ! t]ms 9 section #dg ( ! ,arms     
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    
#bgid74