,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dcag  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #bg1 #bjbj,mr4   
,cornyn 7= himself & ,mr4 ,mc,connell7  
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !     
,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to less5 ! burd5s
 on int]/ate comm]ce by disc\rag+       
insub/antial lawsuits relat+ to         
,,covid-#ai :ile pres]v+ ! ability (    
individuals & bus9esses t h suff]$ real 
injury to obta9 complete relief4  #a4   
,%ort title2 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,safegu>d+ ,am]ica's ,frontl9e          
,employees ,to ,(f] ,"w ,opportunities  
,requir$ to ,kick/>t ! ,economy ,act or 
! ,,safe ,,to ,,"w ,act4  7b7 ,table (  
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table 
( cont5ts4,sec4 #b4 ,f9d+s &            
purposes4,sec4 #c4 ,def9itions4,,title  
,i--,liability relief,subtitle          
,a--,liability limitations = individuals
 & entities engag$ 9 bus9esses1 s]vices1

 activities1 or accommodations,sec4     
#aba4 ,application ( subtitle4,sec4     
#abb4 ,liability2 safe h>bor4,subtitle  
,b--,liability limitations = heal? c>e  
providers,sec4 #ada4 ,application (     
subtitle4,sec4 #adb4 ,liability = heal? 
c>e pr(essionals & heal? c>e facilities 
dur+ coronavirus public heal?           
em]g5cy4,subtitle ,c--,sub/antive &     
proc$ural provisions =                  
coronavirus-relat$ actions              
generally,sec4 #afa4 ,jurisdiction4,sec4
 #afb4 ,limitations on suits4,sec4 #afc4
 ,proc$ures = suit 9 di/rict c\rts ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates4,sec4 #afd4 ,dem& lett]s2 
cause ( action4,subtitle ,d--,relation  
to labor & employm5t laws,sec4 #aha4    
,limitation on violations "u specific   
laws4,sec4 #ahb4 ,liability = conduct+  
te/+ at workplace4,sec4 #ahc4 ,jo9t     
employm5t & indep5d5t contract+4,sec4   
#ahd4 ,exclusion ( c]ta9 notification   
requirem5ts z a result ( ! ,,covid-#ai  
public heal? em]g5cy4,,title            
,,ii--,products,sec4 #bja4              

,applicability ( ! t>get$ liability     
protections = p&emic & epidemic products
 & security c\nt]measures ) respect to  
,,covid-#ai4,,title ,,iii--,g5]al       
provisions,sec4 #cja4 ,sev]ability4  #b4
 ,f9d+s & purposes  7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress
 f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! ,,s>s-,co,v-#b  
virus t orig9at$ 9 ,*9a & causes !      
disease ,,covid-#ai has caus$ untold    
mis]y & deva/ation ?r\gh\t ! _w1 includ+
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,= mon?s1     
frontl9e heal? c>e work]s & heal? c>e   
facilities h f\ght ! virus ) c\rage &   
resolve4 ,!y did s at fir/ ) v little   
in=mation ab\t h[ to treat ! virus &    
develop$ /rategies to save lives ( ! p (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 real "t4 ,!y risk$ _!
 p]sonal heal? & wellbe+ to protect &   
treat _! pati5ts4  7#c7 ,bus9esses 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates kick$ into action to      
produce & procure p]sonal protective    
equipm5t1 su* z masks1 gloves1 face     
%ields1 & h& sanitiz]1 & o!r necess>y   
m$ical supplies1 su* z v5tilators1 at   
unprec$5t$ rates4  7#d7 ,to halt !      

spread ( ! disease1 ,/ate & local       
gov]nm5ts took dra/ic measures4 ,!y %ut 
d[n small & l>ge bus9esses1 s*ools1     
colleges & univ]sities1 religi\s1       
philan?ropic & o!r nonpr(it in/itutions1
 & local gov]nm5t ag5cies4 ,!y ord]$ p  
to rema9 9 _! homes4  7#e7 ,?is /&/ill 0
 ne$$ to sl[ ! spread ( ! virus4 ,b x   
deva/at$ ! economy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!
 sum ( hundr$s ( local-level &          
,/ate-level decisions to close ne>ly e  
space 9 :i* p might ga!r br\ght int]/ate
 comm]ce ne>ly to a halt4  7#f7 ,?is    
halt l$ to ! loss ( millions ( jobs4 ,^!
 lo/ jobs 7 n a natural consequ5ce ( !  
economic environm5t1 b r ! result ( a   
dra/ic1 ?\gh tempor>y1 response to !    
unprec$5t$ nature ( ?is global p&emic4  
7#g7 ,congress pass$ a s]ies ( /atutes  
to address ! heal? c>e & economic       
crises--! ,coronavirus ,prep>$ness &    
,response ,supplem5tal ,appropriations  
,act1 #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-abc2 #acd
 ,/at4 #adf71 ! ,families ,fir/         
,coronavirus ,response ,act 7,public    

,law #aaf-abg2 #acd ,/at4 #agh71 !      
,coronavirus ,aid1 ,relief1 & ,economic 
,security ,act or ! ,,c>es ,act 7,public
 ,law #aaf-acf71 & ! ,pay*eck           
,protection ,program & ,heal? ,c>e      
,enhancem5t ,act 7,public ,law #aaf-aci2
 #acd ,/at4 #fbj74 ,9 ^! laws ,congress 
ex]cis$ its p[] "u ! ,comm]ce & ,sp5d+  
,clauses ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates to direct trillions ( taxpay]    
doll>s t[>d ef=ts to aid work]s1        
bus9esses1 ,/ate & local gov]nm5ts1     
heal? c>e work]s1 & pati5ts4  7#h7 ,?is 
legislation provid$ %ort-t]m insulation 
f ! wor/ ( ! economic /orm1 b ^! laws   
alone _c protect ! ,unit$ ,/ates f fur!r
 deva/ation4 ,only reop5+ ! economy s t 
work]s c get back to "w & /ud5ts c get  
back to s*ool c accompli% t goal4  7#i7 
,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates       
specifically enum]ates ! legislative    
p[]s ( ,congress4 ,"o ( ^? p[]s is !    
regulation ( int]/ate comm]ce4 ,!       
,gov]nm5t is n a sub/itute = ! economy1 
b x has ! au?ority & ! duty to act :5   

int]/ate comm]ce is ?reat5$ & damag$4 ,z
 appli$ to ! pres5t crisis1 ,congress c 
deploy its p[] ov] int]/ate comm]ce to  
promote a prud5t reop5+ ( bus9esses &   
o!r organizations t s]ve z ! f\ndation &
 backbone ( ! national economy & (      
comm]ce among ! ,/ates4 ,^! include     
small & l>ge bus9esses1 s*ools 7:i* are 
sub/antial employ]s 9 _! own "r &       
provide necess>y s]vices to enable p>5ts
 & o!r c>egiv]s to return to "w71       
colleges & univ]sities 7:i* are         
sub/antial employ]s & supply ! int]/ate 
m>ket = high]-education s]vices71       
religi\s1 philan?ropic & o!r nonpr(it   
in/itutions 7:i* are sub/antial employ]s
 & provide necess>y s]vices to _!       
communities71 & local gov]nm5t ag5cies4 
7#aj7 ,congress mu/ also ensure t !     
,nation's heal? c>e work]s & heal? c>e  
facilities are able to act fully to     
defeat ! virus4  7#aa7 ,congress mu/    
also safegu>d its inve/m5t ( taxpay]    
doll>s "u ! ,,c>es ,act & o!r           
coronavirus legislation4 ,congress mu/  

ensure t ^? funds are us$ to help       
bus9esses & work]s survive & recov] f ! 
economic crisis1 & to help heal? c>e    
work]s & heal? c>e facilities defeat !  
virus4 ,,c>es ,act funds _c be div]t$ f 
^! important purposes to l9e ! pockets (
 ! trial b>4  7#ab7 ,"o ( ! *ief        
imp$im5ts to ! cont9u$ fl[ ( int]/ate   
comm]ce z ?is public-heal? crisis has   
unfold$ is ! risk ( litigation4 ,small &
 l>ge bus9esses1 s*ools1 colleges &     
univ]sities1 religi\s1 philan?ropic &   
o!r nonpr(it in/itutions1 & local       
gov]nm5t ag5cies confront ! risk ( a    
tidal wave ( lawsuits accus+ !m ( expos+
 employees1 cu/om]s1 /ud5ts1 & wor%ip]s 
to coronavirus4 ,heal? c>e work]s face !
 ?reat ( lawsuits aris+ f _! ef=ts to   
fight ! virus4  7#ac7 ,!y confront ?is  
litigation risk ev5 z !y "w tirelessly  
to comply ) ! coronavirus guidance1     
rules1 & regulations issu$ by local     
gov]nm5ts1 ,/ate gov]nm5ts1 & ! ,f$]al  
,gov]nm5t4 ,!y confront ?is risk not)/&+
 equipm5t & /aff+ %ortages4 ,& !y       

confront ?is risk :ile also grappl+ )   
con/antly *ang+ in=mation on h[ be/ to  
protect employees1 cu/om]s1 /ud5ts1 &   
wor%ip]s f ! virus1 & h[ be/ to treat x4
  7#ad7 ,^! lawsuits pose a sub/antial  
risk to int]/ate comm]ce because !y     
?reat5 to keep small & l>ge bus9esses1  
s*ools1 colleges & univ]sities1         
religi\s1 philan?ropic & o!r nonpr(it   
in/itutions1 & local gov]nm5t ag5cies f 
reop5+ = fe> ( exp5sive litigation t    
might prove to be m]itless4 ,^! lawsuits
 fur!r ?reat5 to und]m9e ! ,nation's    
fight aga9/ ! virus by expos+ our heal? 
c>e work]s & heal? c>e facilities to    
liability = difficult m$ical decisions  
!y h made "u try+ & unc]ta9             
circum/ances4  7#ae7 ,^! lawsuits also  
risk div]t+ taxpay] money provid$ "u !  
,,c>es ,act & o!r coronavirus           
legislation f its int5d$ purposes to !  
pockets ( opportuni/ic trial lawy]s4    
7#af7 ,?is risk is n purely local4 ,x is
 necess>ily national 9 scale4 ,a        
pat*work ( local & ,/ate rules gov]n+   

liability 9 coronavirus-relat$ lawsuits 
creates trem5d\s unpr$ictability =      
ev]yone p>ticipat+ 9 int]/ate comm]ce & 
acts z a significant drag on national   
recov]y4 ,! aggregation ( ea* individual
 pot5tial liability risk poses a        
sub/antial & unprec$5t$ ?reat to        
int]/ate comm]ce4  7#ag7 ,! accumulat$  
economic risks = ^! pot5tial def5dants  
directly & sub/antially affects int]/ate
 comm]ce4 ,individuals & entities       
pot5tially subject to coronavirus-relat$
 liability w /ructure _! decisionmak+ to
 avoid t liability4 ,small & l>ge       
bus9esses1 s*ools1 colleges &           
univ]sities1 religi\s1 philan?ropic &   
o!r nonpr(it in/itutions1 & local       
gov]nm5t ag5cies may decl9e to reop5    
because ( ! risk ( litigation4 ,!y may  
limit _! output or engagem5t ) cu/om]s &
 communities to avoid ! risk (          
litigation4 ,^! individual economic     
decisions sub/antially affect int]/ate  
comm]ce because1 z a :ole1 !y w prev5t !
 free & fair ex*ange ( goods & s]vices  

across ,/ate l9es4 ,su* economic        
activity t1 individually & 9 !          
aggregate1 sub/antially affects int]/ate
 comm]ce is precisely ! sort ( conduct t
 %\ld be subject to congressional       
regulation4  7#ah7 ,lawsuits aga9/ heal?
 c>e work]s & facilities pose a simil>ly
 dang]\s risk to int]/ate comm]ce4      
,int]/ate comm]ce w n truly reb\nd f ?is
 crisis until ! virus is defeat$1 & t w 
n happ5 unless heal? c>e work]s &       
facilities are free to combat vigor\sly 
! virus & treat pati5ts ) coronavirus & 
^? o!rwise impact$ by ! response to     
coronavirus4  7#ai7 ,subject+ heal? c>e 
work]s & facilities to on]\s litigation 
ev5 z !y h done _! level be/ to combat a
 virus ab\t :i* v little 0 kn[n :5 x    
arriv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld div]t     
important heal? c>e res\rces f hospitals
 & provid]s to c\rtrooms4  7#bj7 ,su* a 
div]sion w\ld sub/antially affect       
int]/ate comm]ce by degrad+ ! national  
capacity = combat+ ! virus & sav+       
pati5ts1 !reby sub/antially elongat+ !  

p]iod be=e int]/ate comm]ce c\ld fully  
re-engage4  7#ba7 ,congress also has !  
au?ority to det]m9e ! jurisdiction ( !  
c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to set ! /&>ds 
= causes ( action !y c he>1 & to e/abli%
 ! rules by :i* ^? causes ( action %\ld 
proce$4 ,congress !re=e mu/ act to set  
rules gov]n+ liability 9                
coronavirus-relat$ lawsuits4  7#bb7 ,^! 
rules necess>ily mu/ be tempor>y &      
c>efully tailor$ to ! int]/ate crisis   
caus$ by ! coronavirus p&emic4 ,!y mu/  
ext5d no fur!r ?an necess>y to meet ?is 
uniquely national crisis = :i* a        
pat*work ( ,/ate & local tort laws are  
ill-suit$4  7#bc7 ,because ( ! national 
scope ( ! economic & heal? c>e dang]s   
pos$ by ! risks ( coronavirus-relat$    
lawsuits1 e/abli%+ tempor>y rules gov]n+
 liability = c]ta9 coronavirus-relat$   
tort claims is a necess>y & prop] means 
( c>ry+ into execution ,congress's p[]  
to regulate comm]ce among ! sev]al      
,/ates4  7#bd7 ,because ,congress mu/   
safegu>d ! inve/m5t ( taxpay] doll>s x  

made 9 ! ,,c>es ,act & o!r coronavirus  
legislation1 & ensure t !y are us$ = _! 
int5d$ purposes & n div]t$ = o!r        
purposes1 e/abli%+ tempor>y rules gov]n+
 liability = c]ta9 coronavirus-relat$   
tort claims is a necess>y & prop] means 
( c>ry+ into execution ,congress's p[]  
to provide = ! g5]al welf>e ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates4  7b7 ,purposes ,pursuant to !   
p[]s delegat$ to ,congress by article   
,i1 section #h1 clauses #a1 #c1 #i1 &   
#ah1 & article ,,iii1 section #b1 clause
 #a ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
! purposes ( ?is ,act are to-- 7#a7     
e/abli% necess>y & consi/5t /&>ds =     
litigat+ c]ta9 claims specific to !     
unique coronavirus p&emic2  7#b7 prev5t 
! ov]burd5+ ( ! c\rt sy/ems ) undue     
litigation2  7#c7 enc\rage plann+1 c>e1 
& appropriate risk managem5t by small & 
l>ge bus9esses1 s*ools1 colleges &      
univ]sities1 religi\s1 philan?ropic &   
o!r nonpr(it in/itutions1 local gov]nm5t
 ag5cies1 & heal? c>e provid]s2  7#d7   
ensure t ! ,nation's recov]y f !        

coronavirus economic crisis is n burd5$ 
or sl[$ by ! sub/antial risk (          
litigation2  7#e7 prev5t litigation     
br\ght to extract settlem5ts & enri*    
trial lawy]s r ?an v9dicate m]itori\s   
claims2  7#f7 protect int]/ate comm]ce f
 ! burd5s ( pot5tially m]itless         
litigation2  7#g7 ensure ! economic     
recov]y proce$s )\t artificial &        
unnecess>y delay2  7#h7 protect !       
int]e/s ( ! taxpay]s by ensur+ t em]g5cy
 taxpay] support cont9ues to aid        
bus9esses1 work]s1 & heal? c>e provid]s 
r ?an enri* trial lawy]s2 &  7#i7       
protect ! highe/ & be/ ideals ( !       
national economy1 s bus9esses c produce 
& s]ve _! cu/om]s1 work]s c "w1 tea*]s c
 tea*1 /ud5ts c le>n1 & believ]s c      
wor%ip4  #c4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3   
7#a7 ,applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds &       
guidance ,! t]m applicable gov]nm5t     
/&>ds & guidance means-- 7,a7 any       
m&atory /&>ds or regulations            
specifically conc]n+ ! prev5tion or     
mitigation ( ! transmission (           

coronavirus issu$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1
 or a ,/ate or local gov]nm5t )         
jurisdiction ov] an individual or       
entity1 :e!r provid$ by executive1      
judicial1 or legislative ord]2 &  7,b7 )
 respect to an individual or entity t1  
at ! "t ( ! actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 or    
pot5tial = exposure to coronavirus is n 
subject to any m&atory /&>ds or         
regulations describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a71
 any guidance1 /&>ds1 or regulations    
specifically conc]n+ ! prev5tion or     
mitigation ( ! transmission (           
coronavirus issu$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1
 or a ,/ate or local gov]nm5t )         
jurisdiction ov] ! individual or entity4
  7#b7 ,bus9esses1 s]vices1 activities1 
or accommodations ,! t]m bus9esses1     
s]vices1 activities1 or accommodations  
means any act by an individual or       
entity1 irrespective ( :e!r ! act is    
c>ri$ on = pr(it1 t is int]/ate or =eign
 comm]ce1 t involves p]sons or ?+s 9    
int]/ate or =eign comm]ce1 t involves ! 
*annels or in/rum5talities ( int]/ate or

 =eign comm]ce1 t sub/antially affects  
int]/ate or =eign comm]ce1 or t is      
o!rwise an act subject to regulation by 
,congress z necess>y & prop] to c>ry    
into execution ,congress's p[]s to      
regulate int]/ate or =eign comm]ce or to
 sp5d funds = ! g5]al welf>e4  7#c7     
,coronavirus ,! t]m coronavirus means   
any disease1 heal? condition1 or ?reat (
 h>m caus$ by ! ,,s>s-,co,v-#b virus or 
a virus mutat+ !refrom4  7#d7           
,coronavirus exposure action  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,! t]m coronavirus exposure action
 means a civil action-- 7i7 br\ght by a 
p]son :o suff]$ p]sonal injury or is at 
risk ( suff]+ p]sonal injury1 or a      
repres5tative ( a p]son :o suff]$       
p]sonal injury or is at risk ( suff]+   
p]sonal injury2  7ii7 br\ght aga9/ an   
individual or entity engag$ 9 bus9esses1
 s]vices1 activities1 or accommodations2
 &  7iii7 alleg+ t an actual1 alleg$1   
fe>$1 or pot5tial = exposure to         
coronavirus caus$ ! p]sonal injury or   
risk ( p]sonal injury1 t-- 7,i7 occurr$ 

9 ! c\rse ( ! bus9esses1 s]vices1       
activities1 or accommodations ( !       
individual or entity2 &  7,,ii7         
occurr$-- 7aa7 on or aft] ,decemb] #a1  
#bjai2 &  7bb7 be=e ! lat] (-- 7,,aa7   
,octob] #a1 #bjbd2 or 7,,bb7 ! date on  
:i* !re is no decl>ation by ! ,secret>y 
( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices "u section   
#cai;,f-#c7;b7 ( ! ,public ,heal?       
,s]vice ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4             
#bdg;d-#f;d7b77 7relat+ to m$ical       
c\nt]measures7 t is 9 effect ) respect  
to coronavirus1 includ+ ! ,decl>ation   
,"u ! ,public ,read9ess & ,em]g5cy      
,prep>$ness ,act = ,m$ical              
,c\nt]measures ,aga9/ ,,covid-#ai 7#he  
,f$4 ,reg4 #aeaih7 issu$ by ! ,secret>y 
( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices on ,m>* #ag1 
#bjbj4  7,b7 ,exclusions ,! t]m         
coronavirus exposure action does n      
include-- 7i7 a crim9al1 civil1 or      
adm9i/rative en=cem5t action br\ght by !
 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t or any ,/ate1 local1  
or ,tribal gov]nm5t2 or  7ii7 a claim   
alleg+ int5tional discrim9ation on !    

basis ( race1 color1 national orig91    
religion1 sex 7includ+ pregnancy71      
disability1 g5etic in=mation1 or age4   
7#e7 ,coronavirus-relat$ action ,! t]m  
coronavirus-relat$ action means a       
coronavirus exposure action or a        
coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
action4  7#f7 ,coronavirus-relat$ heal? 
c>e s]vices ,! t]m coronavirus-relat$   
heal? c>e s]vices means s]vices provid$ 
by a heal? c>e provid]1 reg>dless ( !   
location :]e ! s]vices are provid$1 t   
relate to-- 7,a7 ! diagnosis1 prev5tion1
 or treatm5t ( coronavirus2  7,b7 !     
assessm5t or c>e ( an individual ) a    
confirm$ or suspect$ case ( coronavirus2
 or  7,c7 ! c>e ( any individual :o is  
admitt$ to1 pres5ts to1 receives s]vices
 f1 or resides at1 a heal? c>e provid] =
 any purpose dur+ ! p]iod ( a ,f$]al    
em]g5cy decl>ation conc]n+ coronavirus1 
if su* provid]'s decisions or activities
 ) respect to su* individual are impact$
 z a result ( coronavirus4  7#g7        
,coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability    

action  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m            
coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
action means a civil action-- 7i7 br\ght
 by a p]son :o suff]$ p]sonal injury1 or
 a repres5tative ( a p]son :o suff]$    
p]sonal injury2  7ii7 br\ght aga9/ a    
heal? c>e provid]2 &  7iii7 alleg+ any  
h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or tort result+ 9 ! 
p]sonal injury alleg$ to h be5 caus$ by1
 be aris+ out (1 or be relat$ to a heal?
 c>e provid]'s act or omission 9 ! c\rse
 ( arrang+ = or provid+                 
coronavirus-relat$ heal? c>e s]vices t  
occurr$-- 7,i7 on or aft] ,decemb] #a1  
#bjai2 &  7,,ii7 be=e ! lat] (-- 7aa7   
,octob] #a1 #bjbd2 or  7bb7 ! date on   
:i* !re is no decl>ation by ! ,secret>y 
( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices "u section   
#cai;,f-#c7;b7 ( ! ,public ,heal?       
,s]vice ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4             
#bdg;d-#f;d7b77 7relat+ to cov]$        
c\nt]measures7 t is 9 effect ) respect  
to coronavirus1 includ+ ! ,decl>ation   
,"u ! ,public ,read9ess & ,em]g5cy      
,prep>$ness ,act = ,m$ical              

,c\nt]measures ,aga9/ ,,covid-#ai 7#he  
,f$4 ,reg4 #aeaih7 issu$ by ! ,secret>y 
( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices on ,m>* #ag1 
#bjbj4  7,b7 ,exclusions ,! t]m         
coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
action does n include-- 7i7 a crim9al1  
civil1 or adm9i/rative en=cem5t action  
br\ght by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t or any     
,/ate1 local1 or ,tribal gov]nm5t2 or   
7ii7 a claim alleg+ int5tional          
discrim9ation on ! basis ( race1 color1 
national orig91 religion1 sex 7includ+  
pregnancy71 disability1 g5etic          
in=mation1 or age4  7#h7 ,employ] ,! t]m
 employ]-- 7,a7 means any p]son s]v+ z  
an employ] or act+ directly 9 ! int]e/ (
 an employ] 9 relation to an employee2  
7,b7 includes a public ag5cy2 &  7,c7   
does n include any labor organization   
7o!r ?an :5 act+ z an employ]7 or any   
p]son act+ 9 ! capacity ( (fic] or ag5t 
( su* labor organization4  7#i7         
,gov]nm5t ,! t]m gov]nm5t means an      
ag5cy1 in/rum5tality1 or o!r entity ( ! 
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 a ,/ate gov]nm5t      

7includ+ multijurisdictional ag5cies1   
in/rum5talities1 & entities71 a local   
gov]nm5t1 or a ,tribal gov]nm5t4  7#aj7 
,gross neglig5ce ,! t]m gross neglig5ce 
means a consci\s1 volunt>y act or       
omission 9 reckless disreg>d (-- 7,a7 a 
legal duty2  7,b7 ! consequ5ces to ano!r
 p>ty2 &  7,c7 applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds
 & guidance4  7#aa7 ,h>m ,! t]m h>m     
includes-- 7,a7 physical & nonphysical  
contact t results 9 p]sonal injury to an
 individual2 &  7,b7 economic &         
noneconomic losses4  7#ab7 ,heal? c>e   
provid]  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m heal? c>e 
provid] means any p]son1 includ+ an     
ag5t1 volunte] 7subject to subp>agraph  
7,c771 contractor1 employee1 or o!r     
entity1 :o is-- 7i7 requir$ by ,f$]al or
 ,/ate law to be lic5s$1 regi/]$1 or    
c]tifi$ to provide heal? c>e & is s     
lic5s$1 regi/]$1 or c]tifi$ 7or is      
exempt f any su* requirem5t72  7ii7     
o!rwise au?oriz$ by ,f$]al or ,/ate law 
to provide c>e 7includ+ s]vices &       
supports furni%$ 9 a home or            

community-bas$ resid5tial sett+ "u !    
,/ate ,m$icaid program or a waiv] ( t   
program72 or  7iii7 consid]$ "u         
applicable ,f$]al or ,/ate law to be a  
heal? c>e provid]1 heal? c>e            
pr(essional1 heal? c>e in/itution1 or   
heal? c>e facility4  7,b7 ,inclusion (  
adm9i/rators1 sup]visors1 etc ,! t]m    
heal? c>e provid] includes a heal? c>e  
facility adm9i/rator1 executive1        
sup]visor1 bo>d memb] or tru/ee1 or     
ano!r individual responsible = direct+1 
sup]vis+1 or monitor+ ! provision (     
coronavirus-relat$ heal? c>e s]vices 9 a
 comp>able role4  7,c7 ,inclusion (     
volunte]s ,! t]m heal? c>e provid]      
includes volunte]s t meet ! foll[+      
crit]ia3 7i7 ,! volunte] is a heal? c>e 
pr(essional provid+ coronavirus-relat$  
heal? c>e s]vices4  7ii7 ,! act or      
omission by ! volunte] occurs-- 7,i7 9 !
 c\rse ( provid+ heal? c>e s]vices2     
7,,ii7 9 ! heal? c>e pr(essional's      
capacity z a volunte]2  7,,iii7 9 !     
c\rse ( provid+ heal? c>e s]vices t--   

7aa7 are )9 ! scope ( ! lic5se1         
regi/ration1 or c]tification ( !        
volunte]1 z def9$ by ! ,/ate ( lic5sure1
 regi/ration1 or c]tification2 &  7bb7 d
 n exce$ ! scope ( lic5se1 regi/ration1 
or c]tification ( a sub/antially simil> 
heal? pr(essional 9 ! ,/ate 9 :i* su*   
act or omission occurs2 &  7,,iv7 9 a   
good-fai? belief t ! individual be+     
treat$ is 9 ne$ ( heal? c>e s]vices4    
7#ac7 ,individual or entity ,! t]m      
individual or entity means-- 7,a7 any   
natural p]son1 corporation1 company1    
trade1 bus9ess1 firm1 p>tn]%ip1 jo9t    
/ock company1 educational in/itution1   
labor organization1 or simil>           
organization or gr\p ( organizations2   
7,b7 any nonpr(it organization1         
f\ndation1 society1 or association      
organiz$ = religi\s1 *>itable1          
educational1 or o!r purposes2 or  7,c7  
any ,/ate1 ,tribal1 or local gov]nm5t4  
7#ad7 ,local gov]nm5t ,! t]m local      
gov]nm5t means any unit ( gov]nm5t )9 a 
,/ate1 includ+ a-- 7,a7 c\nty2  7,b7    

bor\gh2  7,c7 municipality2  7,d7 city2 
7,e7 t[n2  7,f7 t[n%ip2  7,g7 p>i%2     
7,h7 local public au?ority1 includ+ any 
public h\s+ ag5cy "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,h\s+ ,act ( #aicg 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #adcg 
et seq472  7,i7 special di/rict2  7,j7  
s*ool di/rict2  7,k7 intra/ate di/rict2 
7,l7 c\ncil ( gov]nm5ts1 :e!r or n      
incorporat$ z a nonpr(it corporation "u 
,/ate law2 &  7,m7 ag5cy or             
in/rum5tality (-- 7i7 multiple units (  
local gov]nm5t 7includ+ units ( local   
gov]nm5t locat$ 9 diff]5t ,/ates72 or   
7ii7 an intra-,/ate unit ( local        
gov]nm5t4  7#ae7 ,m&atory ,! t]m        
m&atory1 ) respect to /&>ds or          
regulations1 means ! /&>ds or           
regulations are !mselves en=ceable by ! 
issu+ gov]nm5t ?r\gh crim9al1 civil1 or 
adm9i/rative action4  7#af7 ,p]sonal    
injury ,! t]m p]sonal injury-- 7,a7     
means actual or pot5tial physical injury
 to an individual or dea? caus$ by a    
physical injury2 &  7,b7 includes m5tal 
suff]+1 emotional di/ress1 or simil>    

injuries suff]$ by an individual 9      
connection ) a physical injury4  7#ag7  
,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate-- 7,a7 means any     
,/ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict (   
,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to      
,rico1 ! ,nor!rn ,m>iana ,isl&s1 !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,virg9 ,isl&s1 ,guam1     
,am]ican ,samoa1 & any o!r t]ritory or  
possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & any     
political subdivision or in/rum5tality  
!re(2 &  7,b7 includes any ag5cy or     
in/rum5tality ( #b or m ( ! entities    
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  7#ah7     
,tribal gov]nm5t  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m  
,tribal gov]nm5t means ! recogniz$      
gov]n+ body ( any ,indian tribe includ$ 
on ! li/ publi%$ by ! ,secret>y ( !     
,int]ior pursuant to section #ajd7;a7 ( 
! ,f$]ally ,recogniz$ ,indian ,tribe    
,li/ ,act ( #aiid 7#be ,u4,s4,c4        
#eaca7;a774  7,b7 ,inclusion ,! t]m     
,tribal gov]nm5t includes any           
subdivision 7reg>dless ( ! laws &       
regulations ( ! jurisdiction 9 :i* !    
subdivision is organiz$ or incorporat$7 

( a gov]n+ body describ$ 9 subp>agraph  
7,a7 t-- 7i7 is :olly own$ by t gov]n+  
body2 &  7ii7 has be5 delegat$ ! "r to  
ex]cise #a or m sub/antial gov]nm5tal   
functions ( ! gov]n+ body4  7#ai7       
,willful misconduct ,! t]m willful      
misconduct means an act or omission t is
 tak5-- 7,a7 int5tionally to a*ieve a   
wrongful purpose2  7,b7 kn[+ly )\t legal
 or factual ju/ification2 &  7,c7 9     
disreg>d ( a kn[n or obvi\s risk t is s 
great z to make x highly probable t !   
h>m w outweigh ! b5efit4  ,i ,liability 
relief  ,a ,liability limitations =     
individuals & entities engag$ 9         
bus9esses1 s]vices1 activities1 or      
accommodations  #aba4 ,application (    
subtitle  7a7 ,cause ( action2 tribal   
sov]eign immunity  7#a7 ,cause ( action 
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,?is subtitle creates an  
exclusive cause ( action = coronavirus  
exposure actions4  7,b7 ,liability ,a   
pla9tiff may prevail 9 a coronavirus    
exposure action only 9 accordance ) !   
requirem5ts ( ?is title4  7,c7          

,application ,! provisions ( ?is        
subtitle %all apply to-- 7i7 any cause (
 action t is a coronavirus exposure     
action t 0 fil$ be=e ! date ( enactm5t (
 ?is ,act & t is p5d+ on su* date (     
enactm5t2 &  7ii7 any coronavirus       
exposure action fil$ on or aft] su* date
 ( enactm5t4  7#b7 ,pres]vation (       
liability limits & def5ses ,except z    
o!rwise explicitly provid$ 9 ?is        
subtitle1 no?+ 9 ?is subtitle exp&s any 
liability o!rwise impos$ or limits any  
def5se o!rwise available "u ,f$]al1     
,/ate1 or ,tribal law4  7#c7 ,immunity  
,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle abrogates !        
immunity ( any ,/ate1 or waives !       
immunity ( any ,tribal gov]nm5t4 ,!     
limitations on liability provid$ "u ?is 
subtitle %all control 9 any action      
prop]ly fil$ aga9/ a ,/ate or ,tribal   
gov]nm5t pursuant to a duly execut$     
waiv] by ! ,/ate or ,tribe ( sov]eign   
immunity & /at+ claims )9 ! scope ( ?is 
subtitle4  7b7 ,preemption & sup]s$ure  
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z describ$ 9      

p>agraphs 7#b7 ?r\gh 7#f71 ?is subtitle 
preempts & sup]s$es any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1  
or ,tribal law1 includ+ /atutes1        
regulations1 rules1 or /&>ds t are      
enact$1 promulgat$1 or e/abli%$ "u      
common law1 relat$ to recov]y = p]sonal 
injuries caus$ by actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 
or pot5tial = exposure to coronavirus4  
7#b7 ,/rict] laws n preempt$ or sup]s$$ 
,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle %all be con/ru$ to 
affect ! applicability ( any provision (
 any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or ,tribal law t    
imposes /rict] limits on damages or     
liabilities = p]sonal injury caus$ by1  
aris+ out (1 or relat$ to an actual1    
alleg$1 fe>$1 or pot5tial = exposure to 
coronavirus1 or o!rwise af=ds great]    
protection to def5dants 9 any           
coronavirus exposure action1 ?an are    
provid$ 9 ?is subtitle4 ,any su*        
provision ( ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or ,tribal   
law %all be appli$ 9 addition to !      
requirem5ts ( ?is subtitle & n 9 lieu   
!re(4  7#c7 ,work]s' comp5sation laws n 
preempt$ or sup]s$$ ,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle

 %all be con/ru$ to affect !            
applicability ( any ,/ate or ,tribal law
 provid+ = a work]s' comp5sation s*eme  
or program1 or to preempt or sup]s$e an 
exclusive rem$y "u su* s*eme or program4
  7#d7 ,en=cem5t actions ,no?+ 9 ?is    
subtitle %all be con/ru$ to impair1     
limit1 or affect ! au?ority ( ! ,f$]al  
,gov]nm5t1 or ( any ,/ate1 local1 or    
,tribal gov]nm5t1 to br+ any crim9al1   
civil1 or adm9i/rative en=cem5t action  
aga9/ any individual or entity4  7#e7   
,discrim9ation claims ,no?+ 9 ?is       
subtitle %all be con/ru$ to affect !    
applicability ( any provision ( any     
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or ,tribal law t creates 
a cause ( action = int5tional           
discrim9ation on ! basis ( race1 color1 
national orig91 religion1 sex 7includ+  
pregnancy71 disability1 g5etic          
in=mation1 or age4  7#f7 ,ma9t5ance &   
cure ,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle %all be       
con/ru$ to affect a seaman's "r to claim
 ma9t5ance & cure b5efits4  7c7 ,/atute 
( limitations ,a coronavirus exposure   

action may n be comm5c$ 9 any ,f$]al1   
,/ate1 or ,tribal gov]nm5t c\rt lat] ?an
 #a ye> aft] ! date ( ! actual1 alleg$1 
fe>$1 or pot5tial = exposure to         
coronavirus4  #abb4 ,liability2 safe    
h>bor  7a7 ,requirem5ts = liability =   
exposure to coronavirus ,not)/&+ any o!r
 provision ( law1 & except z o!rwise    
provid$ 9 ?is section1 no individual or 
entity engag$ 9 bus9esses1 s]vices1     
activities1 or accommodations %all be   
liable 9 any coronavirus exposure action
 unless ! pla9tiff c prove by cle> &    
conv9c+ evid5ce t-- 7#a7 9 engag+ 9 !   
bus9esses1 s]vices1 activities1 or      
accommodations1 ! individual or entity 0
 n mak+ reasonable ef=ts 9 light ( all !
 circum/ances to comply ) ! applicable  
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance 9 effect at ! 
"t ( ! actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 or pot5tial
 = exposure to coronavirus2  7#b7 !     
individual or entity engag$ 9 gross     
neglig5ce or willful misconduct t caus$ 
an actual exposure to coronavirus2 &    
7#c7 ! actual exposure to coronavirus   

caus$ ! p]sonal injury ( ! pla9tiff4    
7b7 ,reasonable ef=ts ,to comply  7#a7  
,conflict+ applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds &  
guidance  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,if m ?an #a    
gov]nm5t to ^: jurisdiction an          
individual or entity is subject issues  
applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance1 & 
! applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance  
issu$ by #a or m ( ! gov]nm5ts conflicts
 ) ! applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds &        
guidance issu$ by #a or m ( ! o!r       
gov]nm5ts1 ! individual or entity %all  
be consid]$ to h made reasonable ef=ts 9
 light ( all ! circum/ances to comply ) 
! applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance =
 purposes ( subsection 7a77#a7 unless ! 
pla9tiff e/abli%es by cle> & conv9c+    
evid5ce t ! individual or entity 0 n    
mak+ reasonable ef=ts 9 light ( all !   
circum/ances to comply ) any ( !        
conflict+ applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds &   
guidance issu$ by any gov]nm5t to ^:    
jurisdiction ! individual or entity is  
subject4  7,b7 ,exception ,if m&atory   
/&>ds & regulations con/itut+ applicable

 gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance issu$ by any 
gov]nm5t ) jurisdiction ov] ! individual
 or entity conflict ) applicable        
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance t are n       
m&atory & are issu$ by any o!r gov]nm5t 
) jurisdiction ov] ! individual or      
entity or by ! same gov]nm5t t issu$ !  
m&atory /&>ds & regulations1 ! pla9tiff 
may e/abli% t ! individual or entity did
 n make reasonable ef=ts 9 light ( all !
 circum/ances to comply ) ! applicable  
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance = purposes (  
subsection 7a77#a7 by e/abli%+ by cle> &
 conv9c+ evid5ce t ! individual or      
entity 0 n mak+ reasonable ef=ts 9 light
 ( all ! circum/ances to comply ) !     
m&atory /&>ds & regulations to :i* !    
individual or entity 0 subject4  7#b7   
,writt5 or publi%$ policy  7,a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,if an individual or entity engag$ 9   
bus9esses1 s]vices1 activities1 or      
accommodations ma9ta9$ a writt5 or      
publi%$ policy on ! mitigation (        
transmission ( coronavirus at ! "t ( !  
actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 or pot5tial =     

exposure to coronavirus t compli$ )1 or 
0 m protective ?an1 ! applicable        
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance to :i* !      
individual or entity 0 subject1 !       
individual or entity %all be presum$ to 
h made reasonable ef=ts 9 light ( all ! 
circum/ances to comply ) ! applicable   
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance = purposes (  
subsection 7a77#a74  7,b7 ,rebuttal ,!  
pla9tiff may rebut ! presumption "u     
subp>agraph 7,a7 by e/abli%+ t !        
individual or entity 0 n comply+ ) !    
writt5 or publi%$ policy at ! "t ( !    
actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 or pot5tial =     
exposure to coronavirus4  7,c7 ,abs5ce (
 a writt5 or publi%$ policy ,! abs5ce ( 
a writt5 or publi%$ policy %all n give  
rise to a presumption t ! individual or 
entity did n make reasonable ef=ts 9    
light ( all ! circum/ances to comply ) !
 applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance = 
purposes ( subsection 7a77#a74  7#c7    
,tim+ ,= purposes ( subsection 7a77#a71 
a *ange to a policy or practice by an   
individual or entity be=e or aft] !     

actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 or pot5tial =     
exposure to coronavirus1 %all n be      
evid5ce ( liability = ! actual1 alleg$1 
fe>$1 or pot5tial = exposure to         
coronavirus4  7c7 ,?ird p>ties ,no      
individual or entity %all be held liable
 9 a coronavirus exposure action = !    
acts or omissions ( a ?ird p>ty1        
unless-- 7#a7 ! individual or entity _h 
an obligation "u g5]al common law       
pr9ciples to control ! acts or omissions
 ( ! ?ird p>ty2 or  7#b7 ! ?ird p>ty 0  
an ag5t ( ! individual or entity4  7d7  
,mitigation ,*anges to ! policies1      
practices1 or proc$ures ( an individual 
or entity = comply+ ) ! applicable      
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance aft] ! "t ( ! 
actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1 or pot5tial =     
exposure to coronavirus1 %all n be      
consid]$ evid5ce ( liability or         
culpability4  ,b ,liability limitations 
= heal? c>e provid]s  #ada4 ,application
 ( subtitle  7a7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7 ,cause (
 action  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,?is subtitle    
creates an exclusive cause ( action =   

coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
actions4  7,b7 ,liability ,a pla9tiff   
may prevail 9 a coronavirus-relat$      
m$ical liability action only 9          
accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is title4 
7,c7 ,application ,! provisions ( ?is   
subtitle %all apply to-- 7i7 any cause (
 action t is a coronavirus-relat$ m$ical
 liability action t 0 fil$ be=e ! date (
 enactm5t ( ?is ,act & t is p5d+ on su* 
date ( enactm5t2 &  7ii7 any            
coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
action fil$ on or aft] su* date (       
enactm5t4  7#b7 ,pres]vation ( liability
 limits & def5ses ,except z o!rwise     
explicitly provid$ 9 ?is subtitle1 no?+ 
9 ?is subtitle exp&s any liability      
o!rwise impos$ or limits any def5se     
o!rwise available "u ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or  
,tribal law4  7#c7 ,immunity ,no?+ 9 ?is
 subtitle abrogates ! immunity ( any    
,/ate1 or waives ! immunity ( any       
,tribal gov]nm5t4 ,! limitations on     
liability provid$ "u ?is subtitle %all  
control 9 any action prop]ly fil$ aga9/ 

a ,/ate or ,tribal gov]nm5t pursuant to 
a duly execut$ waiv] by ! ,/ate or      
,tribe ( sov]eign immunity & /at+ claims
 )9 ! scope ( ?is subtitle4  7b7        
,preemption & sup]s$ure  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,except z describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#b7     
?r\gh 7#f71 ?is subtitle preempts &     
sup]s$es any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or ,tribal  
law1 includ+ /atutes1 regulations1      
rules1 or /&>ds t are enact$1           
promulgat$1 or e/abli%$ "u common law1  
relat$ to recov]y = p]sonal injuries    
caus$ by1 aris+ out (1 or relat$ to an  
act or omission by a heal? c>e provid] 9
 ! c\rse ( arrang+ = or provid+         
coronavirus-relat$ heal? c>e s]vices4   
7#b7 ,/rict] laws n preempt$ or sup]s$$ 
,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle %all be con/ru$ to 
affect ! applicability ( any provision (
 any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or ,tribal law t    
imposes /rict] limits on damages or     
liabilities = p]sonal injury caus$ by1  
aris+ out (1 or relat$ to an act or     
omission by a heal? c>e provid] 9 !     
c\rse ( arrang+ = or provid+            

coronavirus-relat$ heal? c>e s]vices1 or
 o!rwise af=ds great] protection to     
def5dants 9 any coronavirus-relat$      
m$ical liability action ?an are provid$ 
9 ?is subtitle4 ,any su* provision (    
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or ,tribal law %all be   
appli$ 9 addition to ! requirem5ts ( ?is
 subtitle & n 9 lieu !re(4  7#c7        
,en=cem5t actions ,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle  
%all be con/ru$ to impair1 limit1 or    
affect ! au?ority ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 
or ( any ,/ate1 local1 or ,tribal       
gov]nm5t to br+ any crim9al1 civil1 or  
adm9i/rative en=cem5t action aga9/ any  
heal? c>e provid]4  7#d7 ,discrim9ation 
claims ,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle %all be     
con/ru$ to affect ! applicability ( any 
provision ( any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or       
,tribal law t creates a cause ( action =
 int5tional discrim9ation on ! basis (  
race1 color1 national orig91 religion1  
sex 7includ+ pregnancy71 disability1    
g5etic in=mation1 or age4  7#e7 ,public 
,read9ess & ,em]g5cy ,prep>$ness ,no?+ 9
 ?is subtitle %all be con/ru$ to affect 

! applicability ( section #cai;,f-#c ( !
 ,public ,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db       
,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f;d7 to any act or    
omission involv+ a cov]$ c\nt]measure1 z
 def9$ 9 subsection 7i7 ( su* section 9 
arrang+ = or provid+ coronavirus-relat$ 
heal? c>e s]vices4 ,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle 
%all be con/ru$ to affect !             
applicability ( section #cai;,f-#d ( !  
,public ,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db        
,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f;e74  7#f7 ,vacc9e   
injury ,to ! ext5t t title ,,xxi ( !    
,public ,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db        
,u4,s4,c4 #cjj;aa-#a et seq47 e/abli%es 
a ,f$]al rule applicable to a civil     
action br\ght = a vacc9e-relat$ injury  
or dea?1 ?is subtitle does n affect !   
application ( t rule to su* an action4  
7c7 ,/atute ( limitations ,a            
coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
action may n be comm5c$ 9 any ,f$]al1   
,/ate1 or ,tribal gov]nm5t c\rt lat] ?an
 #a ye> aft] ! date ( ! alleg$ h>m1     
damage1 brea*1 or tort1 unless toll$ =--
 7#a7 pro( ( fraud2  7#b7 int5tional    

concealm5t2 or  7#c7 ! pres5ce ( a =eign
 body1 :i* has no !rapeutic or diagno/ic
 purpose or effect1 9 ! p]son ( ! injur$
 p]son4  #adb4 ,liability = heal? c>e   
pr(essionals & heal? c>e facilities dur+
 coronavirus public heal? em]g5cy  7a7  
,requirem5ts = liability =              
coronavirus-relat$ heal? c>e s]vices    
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 &     
except z provid$ 9 subsection 7b71 no   
heal? c>e provid] %all be liable 9 a    
coronavirus-relat$ m$ical liability     
action unless ! pla9tiff c prove by cle>
 & conv9c+ evid5ce-- 7#a7 gross         
neglig5ce or willful misconduct by !    
heal? c>e provid]2 &  7#b7 t ! alleg$   
h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or tort result+ 9 ! 
p]sonal injury 0 directly caus$ by !    
alleg$ gross neglig5ce or willful       
misconduct4  7b7 ,exceptions ,= purposes
 ( ?is section1 acts1 omissions1 or     
decisions result+ f a res\rce or /aff+  
%ortage %all n be consid]$ willful      
misconduct or gross neglig5ce4  ,c      
,sub/antive & proc$ural provisions =    

coronavirus-relat$ actions g5]ally      
#afa4 ,jurisdiction  7a7 ,jurisdiction  
,! di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all 
h concurr5t orig9al jurisdiction ( any  
coronavirus-relat$ action4  7b7 ,removal
  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a coronavirus-relat$   
action ( :i* ! di/rict c\rts ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates h orig9al jurisdiction "u        
subsection 7a7 t is br\ght 9 a ,/ate or 
,tribal gov]nm5t c\rt may be remov$ to a
 di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9       
accordance ) section #addf ( title #bh1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 except t-- 7,a7    
not)/&+ subsection 7b77#b77;,a7 ( su*   
section1 su* action may be remov$ by any
 def5dant )\t ! cons5t ( all def5dants2 
&  7,b7 not)/&+ subsection 7b77#a7 ( su*
 section1 = any cause ( action t is a   
coronavirus-relat$ action t 0 fil$ 9 a  
,/ate c\rt be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is 
,act & t is p5d+ 9 su* c\rt on su* date 
( enactm5t1 & ( :i* ! di/rict c\rts ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates h orig9al jurisdiction "u 
subsection 7a71 any def5dant may file a 
notice ( removal ( a civil action or    

proce$+ )9 #cj days ( ! date ( enactm5t 
( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,proc$ure aft] removal
 ,section #addg ( title #bh1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 %all apply to any removal 
( a case "u p>agraph 7#a71 except t1    
not)/&+ subsection 7d7 ( su* section1 a 
c\rt ( appeals ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all   
accept an appeal f an ord] ( a di/rict  
c\rt grant+ or d5y+ a motion to rem& !  
case to ! ,/ate or ,tribal gov]nm5t c\rt
 f :i* x 0 remov$ if application is made
 to ! c\rt ( appeals ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates n
 lat] ?an #aj days aft] ! entry ( !     
ord]4  #afb4 ,limitations on suits  7a7 
,jo9t & sev]al liability limitations    
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an individual or entity  
aga9/ :om a f9al judgm5t is ent]$ 9 any 
coronavirus-relat$ action %all be liable
 solely = ! portion ( ! judgm5t t       
corresponds to ! relative &             
proportionate responsibility ( t        
individual or entity4 ,9 det]m9+ !      
p]c5tage ( responsibility ( any         
def5dant1 ! tri] ( fact %all det]m9e t  
p]c5tage z a p]c5tage ( ! total fault ( 

all individuals or entities1 includ+ !  
pla9tiff1 :o caus$ or contribut$ to !   
total loss incurr$ by ! pla9tiff4  7#b7 
,proportionate liability  7,a7          
,det]m9ation ( responsibility ,9 any    
coronavirus-relat$ action1 ! c\rt %all  
in/ruct ! jury to answ] special         
int]rogatories1 or1 if !re is no jury1 !
 c\rt %all make f9d+s ) respect to ea*  
def5dant1 includ+ def5dants :o h ent]$  
into settlem5ts ) ! pla9tiff or         
pla9tiffs1 conc]n+ ! p]c5tage (         
responsibility1 if any1 ( ea* def5dant1 
measur$ z a p]c5tage ( ! total fault (  
all individuals or entities :o caus$ or 
contribut$ to ! loss incurr$ by !       
pla9tiff4  7,b7 ,factors = consid]ation 
,9 det]m9+ ! p]c5tage ( responsibility  
"u ?is subsection1 ! tri] ( fact %all   
consid]-- 7i7 ! nature ( ! conduct ( ea*
 individual or entity f\nd to h caus$ or
 contribut$ to ! loss incurr$ by !      
pla9tiff2 &  7ii7 ! nature & ext5t ( !  
causal relation%ip betwe5 ! conduct (   
ea* su* individual or entity & ! damages

 incurr$ by ! pla9tiff4  7#c7 ,jo9t     
liability = specific int5t or fraud     
,not)/&+ p>agraph 7#a71 9 any           
coronavirus-relat$ action ! liability ( 
a def5dant is jo9t & sev]al if ! tri] ( 
fact specifically det]m9es t !          
def5dant-- 7,a7 act$ ) specific int5t to
 injure ! pla9tiff2 or  7,b7 kn[+ly     
committ$ fraud4  7#d7 ,"r to            
contribution n affect$ ,no?+ 9 ?is      
subsection affects ! "r1 "u any o!r law1
 ( a def5dant to contribution ) respect 
to ano!r def5dant det]m9$ "u p>agraph   
7#c7 to h act$ ) specific int5t to      
injure ! pla9tiff or to h kn[+ly        
committ$ fraud4  7b7 ,limitations on    
damages ,9 any coronavirus-relat$       
action-- 7#a7 ! aw>d ( comp5satory      
damages %all be limit$ to economic      
losses incurr$ z ! result ( ! p]sonal   
injury1 h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or tort1    
except t ! c\rt may aw>d damages =      
noneconomic losses if ! tri] ( fact     
det]m9es t ! p]sonal injury1 h>m1       
damage1 brea*1 or tort 0 caus$ by !     

willful misconduct ( ! individual or    
entity2  7#b7 punitive damages-- 7,a7   
may be aw>d$ only if ! tri] ( fact      
det]m9es t ! p]sonal injury to !        
pla9tiff 0 caus$ by ! willful misconduct
 ( ! individual or entity2 &  7,b7 may n
 exce$ ! am\nt ( comp5satory damages    
aw>d$2 &  7#c7 ! am\nt ( monet>y damages
 aw>d$ to a pla9tiff %all be r$uc$ by ! 
am\nt ( comp5sation receiv$ by !        
pla9tiff f ano!r s\rce 9 connection ) ! 
p]sonal injury1 h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or  
tort1 su* z insurance or reimbursem5t by
 a gov]nm5t4  7c7 ,preemption &         
sup]s$ure  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z      
describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#b7 & 7#c71 ?is   
section preempts & sup]s$es any ,f$]al1 
,/ate1 or ,tribal law1 includ+ /atutes1 
regulations1 rules1 or /&>ds t are      
enact$1 promulgat$1 or e/abli%$ "u      
common law1 relat$ to jo9t & sev]al     
liability1 proportionate or contributory
 liability1 contribution1 or ! aw>d (   
damages = any coronavirus-relat$ action4
  7#b7 ,/rict] laws n preempt$ or       

sup]s$$ ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be     
con/ru$ to affect ! applicability ( any 
provision ( any ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or       
,tribal law t-- 7,a7 limits ! liability 
( a def5dant 9 a coronavirus-relat$     
action to a less] degree ( liability ?an
 ! degree ( liability det]m9$ "u ?is    
section2  7,b7 o!rwise af=ds a great]   
degree ( protection f jo9t or sev]al    
liability ?an is af=d$ by ?is section2  
or  7,c7 limits ! damages t c be recov]$
 f a def5dant 9 a coronavirus-relat$    
action to a less] am\nt ( damages ?an ! 
am\nt det]m9$ "u ?is section4  7#c7     
,public ,read9ess & ,em]g5cy ,prep>$ness
 ,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle %all be con/ru$ to
 affect ! applicability ( section       
#cai;,f-#c ( ! ,public ,heal? ,s]vice   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f;d7 to any 
act or omission involv+ a cov]$         
c\nt]measure1 z def9$ 9 subsection 7i7 (
 su* section 9 arrang+ = or provid+     
coronavirus-relat$ heal? c>e s]vices4   
,no?+ 9 ?is subtitle %all be con/ru$ to 
affect ! applicability ( section        

#cai;,f-#d ( ! ,public ,heal? ,s]vice   
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f;e74  #afc4
 ,proc$ures = suit 9 di/rict c\rts ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates  7a7 ,plead+ ) p>ticul>ity
 ,9 any coronavirus-relat$ action fil$ 9
 or remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates-- 7#a7 ! compla9t %all plead )   
p>ticul>ity-- 7,a7 ea* elem5t ( !       
pla9tiff's claim2 &  7,b7 ) respect to a
 coronavirus exposure action1 all places
 & p]sons visit$ by ! p]son on ^: behalf
 ! compla9t 0 fil$ & all p]sons :o      
visit$ ! resid5ce ( ! p]son on ^: behalf
 ! compla9t 0 fil$ dur+ ! #ad-;day-p]iod
 be=e ! onset ( ! fir/ symptoms alleg$ly
 caus$ by coronavirus1 includ+-- 7i7 ea*
 individual or entity aga9/ :i* a       
compla9t is fil$1 along ) ! factual     
basis = ! belief t su* individual or    
entity 0 a cause ( ! p]sonal injury     
alleg$2 &  7ii7 e o!r p]son or place    
visit$ by ! p]son on ^: behalf !        
compla9t 0 fil$ & e o!r p]son :o visit$ 
! resid5ce ( ! p]son on ^: behalf !     
compla9t 0 fil$ dur+ su* p]iod1 along ) 

! factual basis = ! belief t ^! p]sons &
 places 7 n ! cause ( ! p]sonal injury  
alleg$2 &  7#b7 ! compla9t %all plead ) 
p>ticul>ity ea* alleg$ act or omission  
con/itut+ gross neglig5ce or willful    
misconduct t result$ 9 p]sonal injury1  
h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or tort4  7b7       
,sep>ate /atem5ts conc]n+ ! nature &    
am\nt ( damages & requir$ /ate ( m9d    
7#a7 ,nature & am\nt ( damages ,9 any   
coronavirus-relat$ action fil$ 9 or     
remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates 9 :i* monet>y damages are        
reque/$1 !re %all be fil$ ) ! compla9t a
 /atem5t ( specific in=mation z to !    
nature & am\nt ( ea* elem5t ( damages & 
! factual basis = ! damages calculation4
  7#b7 ,requir$ /ate ( m9d ,9 any       
coronavirus-relat$ action fil$ 9 or     
remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates 9 :i* a claim is ass]t$ on :i* ! 
pla9tiff may prevail only on pro( t !   
def5dant act$ ) a p>ticul> /ate ( m9d1  
!re %all be fil$ ) ! compla9t1 ) respect
 to ea* elem5t ( t claim1 a /atem5t ( ! 

facts giv+ rise to a /rong inf]5ce t !  
def5dant act$ ) ! requir$ /ate ( m9d4   
7c7 ,v]ification & m$ical records  7#a7 
,v]ification requirem5t  7,a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! compla9t 9 a coronavirus-relat$      
action fil$ 9 or remov$ to a di/rict    
c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all include a   
v]ification1 made by affidavit ( !      
pla9tiff "u oa?1 /at+ t ! plead+ is true
 to ! k ( ! depon5t1 except z to matt]s 
specifically id5tifi$ z be+ alleg$ on   
in=mation & belief1 & t z to ^? matt]s !
 pla9tiff believes x to be true4  7,b7  
,id5tification ( matt]s alleg$ ^u       
in=mation & belief ,any matt] t is n    
specifically id5tifi$ z be+ alleg$ ^u ! 
in=mation & belief ( ! pla9tiff1 %all be
 reg>d$ = all purposes1 includ+ a       
crim9al prosecution1 z hav+ be5 made ^u 
! k ( ! pla9tiff4  7#b7 ,mat]ials       
requir$ ,9 any coronavirus-relat$ action
 fil$ 9 or remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates1 ! pla9tiff %all file ) ! 
compla9t-- 7,a7 an affidavit by a       
physician or o!r qualifi$ m$ical exp]t  

:o did n treat ! p]son on ^: behalf !   
compla9t 0 fil$ t expla9s ! basis = su* 
physician's or o!r qualifi$ m$ical      
exp]t's belief t su* p]son suff]$ !     
p]sonal injury1 h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or  
tort alleg$ 9 ! compla9t2 &  7,b7       
c]tifi$ m$ical records docum5t+ ! alleg$
 p]sonal injury1 h>m1 damage1 brea*1 or 
tort4  7d7 ,application ) ,f$]al rules (
 civil proc$ure ,?is section applies    
exclusively to any coronavirus-relat$   
action fil$ 9 or remov$ to a di/rict    
c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates &1 except to !   
ext5t t ?is section requires additional 
in=mation to be conta9$ 9 or atta*$ to  
plead+s1 no?+ 9 ?is section is int5d$ to
 am5d or o!rwise sup]s$e applicable     
rules ( ,f$]al civil proc$ure4  7e7     
,civil discov]y = actions 9 di/rict     
c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  7#a7 ,tim+     
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 9 any 
coronavirus-relat$ action fil$ 9 or     
remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 no discov]y %all be all[$ be=e--
 7,a7 ! "t has expir$ = ! def5dant to   

answ] or file a motion to dismiss2 &    
7,b7 if a motion to dismiss is fil$1 !  
c\rt has rul$ on ! motion4  7#b7 ,/&>d  
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 ! c\rt
 9 any coronavirus-relat$ action t is   
fil$ 9 or remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates-- 7,a7 %all p]mit discov]y
 only ) respect to matt]s directly      
relat$ to mat]ial issues conte/$ 9 !    
coronavirus-relat$ action2 &  7,b7 may  
compel a response to a discov]y reque/  
7includ+ a reque/ = admission1 an       
int]rogatory1 a reque/ = production (   
docum5ts1 or any o!r =m ( discov]y      
reque/7 "u rule #cg ( ! ,f$]al ,rules ( 
,civil ,proc$ure1 only if ! c\rt f9ds   
t-- 7i7 ! reque/+ p>ty ne$s ! in=mation 
s\ght to prove or def5d z to a mat]ial  
issue conte/$ 9 su* action2 &  7ii7 !   
likely b5efits ( a response to su*      
reque/ equal or exce$ ! burd5 or co/ = !
 respond+ p>ty ( provid+ su* response4  
7f7 ,int]locutory appeal & /ay (        
discov]y ,! c\rts ( appeals ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates %all h jurisdiction ( an appeal f

 a motion to dismiss t is d5i$ 9 any    
coronavirus-relat$ action 9 a di/rict   
c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! di/rict c\rt 
%all /ay all discov]y 9 su* a           
coronavirus-relat$ action until ! c\rt (
 appeals has dispos$ ( ! appeal4  7g7   
,class actions & multidi/rict litigation
 proce$+s  7#a7 ,class actions ,9 any   
coronavirus-relat$ action t is fil$ 9 or
 remov$ to a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates & is ma9ta9$ z a class action or 
multidi/rict litigation-- 7,a7 an       
individual or entity %all only be a     
memb] ( ! class if ! individual or      
entity affirmatively elects to be a     
memb]2 &  7,b7 ! c\rt1 9 addition to any
 o!r notice requir$ by applicable ,f$]al
 or ,/ate law1 %all direct notice ( !   
action to ea* memb] ( ! class1 :i* %all 
include-- 7i7 a concise & cle>          
description ( ! nature ( ! action2  7ii7
 ! jurisdiction :]e ! case is p5d+2 &   
7iii7 ! fee arrangem5ts ) class c\nsel1 
includ+-- 7,i7 ! h\rly fee be+ *>g$2 or 
7,,ii7 if x is a cont+5cy fee1 !        

p]c5tage ( ! f9al aw>d :i* w be paid1   
includ+ an e/imate ( ! total am\nt t    
w\ld be paid if ! reque/$ damages 7 to  
be grant$2 &  7,,iii7 if ! co/ ( !      
litigation is be+ f9anc$1 a description 
( ! f9anc+ arrangem5t4  7#b7            
,multidi/rict litigations  7,a7 ,trial  
prohibition ,9 any coord9at$ or         
consolidat$ pretrial proce$+s conduct$  
pursuant to section #adjg7;b7 ( title   
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ! judge or    
judges to :om coronavirus-relat$ actions
 are assign$ by ! ,judicial ,panel on   
,multidi/rict ,litigation may n conduct 
a trial 9 a coronavirus-relat$ action   
transf]r$ to or directly fil$ 9 !       
proce$+s unless all p>ties to t         
coronavirus-relat$ action cons5t4  7,b7 
,review ( ord]s ,! c\rt ( appeals ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates hav+ jurisdiction ov] !   
transf]ee di/rict c\rt %all p]mit an    
appeal to be tak5 f any ord] issu$ 9 !  
conduct ( coord9at$ or consolidat$      
pretrial proce$+s conduct$ pursuant to  
section #adjg7;b7 ( title #bh1 ,unit$   

,/ates ,code1 if ! ord] is applicable to
 #a or m coronavirus-relat$ actions & an
 imm$iate appeal f ! ord] may mat]ially 
advance ! ultimate t]m9ation ( #a or m  
coronavirus-relat$ actions 9 ! proce$+s4
  #afd4 ,dem& lett]s2 cause ( action    
7a7 ,cause ( action ,if any p]son       
transmits or causes ano!r to transmit 9 
any =m & by any means a dem& =          
remun]ation 9 ex*ange = settl+1 releas+1
 waiv+1 or o!rwise n pursu+ a claim t   
is1 or c\ld be1 br\ght z "p ( a         
coronavirus-relat$ action1 ! p>ty       
receiv+ su* a dem& %all h a cause (     
action = ! recov]y ( damages occasion$  
by su* dem& & = decl>atory judgm5t 9    
accordance ) *apt] #aea ( title #bh1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 if ! claim = :i* ! 
lett] 0 transmitt$ 0 m]itless4  7b7     
,damages ,damages available "u          
subsection 7a7 %all include-- 7#a7      
comp5satory damages includ+ co/s incurr$
 9 respond+ to ! dem&2 &  7#b7 punitive 
damages1 if ! c\rt det]m9es t ! def5dant
 _h k or 0 reckless ) reg>d to ! fact t 

! claim 0 m]itless4  7c7 ,attorney's    
fees & co/s ,9 an action comm5c$ "u     
subsection 7a71 if ! pla9tiff is a      
prevail+ p>ty1 ! c\rt %all1 9 addition  
to any judgm5t aw>d$ to a pla9tiff1 all[
 a reasonable attorney's fee to be paid 
by ! def5dant1 & co/s ( ! action4  7d7  
,jurisdiction ,! di/rict c\rts ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates %all h concurr5t orig9al  
jurisdiction ( all claims aris+ "u      
subsection 7a74  7e7 ,en=cem5t by !     
attorney g5]al  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,:5ev] !  
,attorney ,g5]al has reasonable cause to
 believe t any p]son or gr\p ( p]sons is
 engag$ 9 a patt]n or practice (        
transmitt+ dem&s = remun]ation 9 ex*ange
 = settl+1 releas+1 waiv+1 or o!rwise n 
pursu+ a claim t is1 or c\ld be1 br\ght 
z "p ( a coronavirus-relat$ action & t  
is m]itless1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may     
comm5ce a civil action 9 any appropriate
 di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7  
,relief ,9 a civil action "u p>agraph   
7#a71 ! c\rt may1 to v9dicate ! public  
int]e/1 assess a civil p5alty aga9/ !   

respond5t 9 an am\nt n exce$+ #ej1jjj p]
 transmitt$ dem& = remun]ation 9 ex*ange
 = settl+1 releas+1 waiv+ or o!rwise n  
pursu+ a claim t is m]itless4  7#c7     
,di/ribution ( civil p5alties ,if !     
,attorney ,g5]al obta9s civil p5alties 9
 accordance ) p>agraph 7#b71 ! ,attorney
 ,g5]al %all di/ribute ! proce$s        
equitably among ^? p]sons aggriev$ by ! 
respond5t's patt]n or practice (        
transmitt+ dem&s = remun]ation 9 ex*ange
 = settl+1 releas+1 waiv+ or o!rwise n  
pursu+ a claim t is m]itless4  ,d       
,relation to labor & employm5t laws     
#aha4 ,limitation on violations "u      
specific laws  7a7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7       
,def9ition ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m     
cov]$ ,f$]al employm5t law means any ( !
 foll[+3 7,a7 ,! ,occupational ,safety &
 ,heal? ,act ( #aigj 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #fea
 et seq47 7includ+ any /&>d includ$ 9 a 
,/ate plan approv$ "u section #ah ( su* 
,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ffg774  7,b7 ,!    
,fair ,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich 7#bi   
,u4,s4,c4 #bja et seq474  7,c7 ,! ,age  

,discrim9ation 9 ,employm5t ,act ( #aifg
 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #fba et seq474  7,d7 ,! 
,work] ,adju/m5t & ,retra9+             
,notification ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baja 
et seq474  7,e7 ,title ,,vii ( ! ,civil 
,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4     
#bjjj;e et seq474  7,f7 ,title ,,ii ( ! 
,g5etic ,in=mation ,nondiscrim9ation    
,act ( #bjjh 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;ff et 
seq474  7,g7 ,title ,i ( ! ,am]icans )  
,disabilities ,act ( #aiij 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #abaaa et seq474  7#b7        
,limitation ,not)/&+ any provision ( a  
cov]$ ,f$]al employm5t law1 9 any       
action1 proce$+1 or inve/igation result+
 f or relat$ to an actual1 alleg$1 fe>$1
 or pot5tial = exposure to coronavirus1 
or a *ange 9 work+ conditions caus$ by a
 law1 rule1 decl>ation1 or ord] relat$  
to coronavirus1 an employ] %all n be    
subject to any en=cem5t proce$+ or      
liability "u any provision ( a cov]$    
,f$]al employm5t law if ! employ]-- 7,a7
 0 rely+ on & g5]ally foll[+ applicable 
gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance2  7,b7 knew ( 

! obligation "u ! relevant provision2 & 
7,c7 attempt$ to satisfy any su*        
obligation by-- 7i7 explor+ options to  
comply ) su* obligations & ) !          
applicable gov]nm5t /&>ds & guidance    
7su* z ?r\gh ! use ( virtual tra9+ or   
remote communication /rategies72  7ii7  
implem5t+ int]im alt]native protections 
or proc$ures2 or  7iii7 foll[+ guidance 
issu$ by ! relevant ag5cy ) jurisdiction
 ) respect to any exemptions f su*      
obligation4  7b7 ,public accommodation  
laws  7#a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is           
subsection-- 7,a7 ! t]m auxili>y aids & 
s]vices has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section
 #d ( ! ,am]icans ) ,disabilities ,act (
 #aiij 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #abajc72  7,b7 !  
t]m cov]$ public accommodation law      
means-- 7i7 title ,,iii ( ! ,am]icans ) 
,disabilities ,act ( #aiij 7#db         
,u4,s4,c4 #abaha et seq472 or  7ii7     
title ,,ii ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act (    
#aifd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;a et seq472  
7,c7 ! t]m place ( public accommodation 
means-- 7i7 a place ( public            

accommodation1 z def9$ 9 section #bja ( 
! ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db      
,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;a72 or  7ii7 a public   
accommodation1 z def9$ 9 section #cja ( 
! ,am]icans ) ,disabilities ,act ( #aiij
 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #abaha72 &  7,d7 ! t]m  
public heal? em]g5cy p]iod means a p]iod
 designat$ a public heal? em]g5cy p]iod 
by a ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local gov]nm5t   
au?ority4  7#b7 ,actions & measures dur+
 a public heal? em]g5cy  7,a7 ,9 g5]al  
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law or     
regulation1 dur+ any public heal?       
em]g5cy p]iod1 no p]son :o owns1 leases 
7or leases to71 or op]ates a place (    
public accommodation %all be liable "u1 
or f\nd 9 violation (1 any cov]$ public 
accommodation law = any action or       
measure tak5 reg>d+ coronavirus & t     
place ( public accommodation1 if su*    
p]son-- 7i7 has det]m9$ t ! significant 
risk ( sub/antial h>m to public heal? or
 ! heal? ( employees _c be r$uc$ or     
elim9at$ by reasonably modify+ policies1
 practices1 or proc$ures1 or ! provision

 ( an auxili>y aid or s]vice2 or  7ii7  
has (f]$ su* a reasonable modification  
or auxili>y aid or s]vice b su* (f] has 
be5 reject$ by ! individual protect$ by 
! cov]$ law4  7,b7 ,requir$ waiv]       
prohibit$ ,= purposes ( ?is subsection1 
no p]son :o owns1 leases 7or leases to71
 or op]ates a place ( public            
accommodation %all be requir$ to waive  
any measure1 requirem5t1 or             
recomm5dation t has be5 adopt$ 9        
accordance ) a requirem5t or            
recomm5dation issu$ by ! ,f$]al         
,gov]nm5t or any ,/ate or local gov]nm5t
 ) reg>d to coronavirus1 9 ord] to (f]  
su* a reasonable modification or        
auxili>y aids & s]vices4  #ahb4         
,liability = conduct+ te/+ at workplace 
,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( ,f$]al1    
,/ate1 or local law1 an employ]1 or o!r 
p]son :o hires or contracts ) o!r       
individuals to provide s]vices1 conduct+
 te/+ = coronavirus at ! workplace %all 
n be liable = any action or p]sonal     
injury directly result+ f su* te/+1     

except = ^? p]sonal injuries caus$ by ! 
gross neglig5ce or int5tional misconduct
 ( ! employ] or o!r p]son4  #ahc4 ,jo9t 
employm5t & indep5d5t contract+ ,not)/&+
 any o!r provision ( ,f$]al or ,/ate    
law1 includ+ any cov]$ ,f$]al employm5t 
law 7z def9$ 9 section #aha7;a771 !     
,labor ,managem5t ,relations ,act1 #aidg
 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ada et seq471 !        
,employm5t ,retirem5t ,income ,security 
,act ( #aigd 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja et    
seq471 & ! ,family & ,m$ical ,leave ,act
 ( #aiic 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #bfja et seq471 
x %all n con/itute evid5ce ( a jo9t     
employm5t relation%ip or employm5t      
relation%ip = any employ] to provide or 
require1 = an employee ( ano!r employ]  
or = an indep5d5t contractor1 any ( !   
foll[+3 7#a7 ,coronavirus-relat$        
policies1 proc$ures1 or tra9+4  7#b7    
,p]sonal protective equipm5t or tra9+ = 
! use ( su* equipm5t4  7#c7 ,clean+ or  
dis9fect+ s]vices or ! means = su*      
clean+ or dis9fect+4  7#d7 ,workplace   
te/+ = coronavirus4  7#e7 ,tempor>y     

assi/ance due to coronavirus1 includ+   
f9ancial assi/ance or o!r heal? & safety
 b5efits4  #ahd4 ,exclusion ( c]ta9     
notification requirem5ts z a result ( ! 
,,covid-#ai public heal? em]g5cy  7a7   
,def9itions ,section #b7;a7 ( ! ,work]  
,adju/m5t & ,retra9+ ,notification ,act 
7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #baja7;a77 is am5d$--    
7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#b71 by add+ be=e !    
semicolon at ! end ! foll[+3 & ! %utd[n1
 if occurr+ dur+ ! cov]$ p]iod1 is n a  
result ( ! ,,covid-#ai national em]g5cy2
  7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#c7-- 7,a7 9         
subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ & at ! end2  
7,b7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by add+ & at ! 
end2 &  7,c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 
7,c7 if occurr+ dur+ ! cov]$ p]iod1 is n
 a result ( ! ,,covid-#ai national      
em]g5cy2  2  7#c7 9 p>agraph 7#g71 by   
/rik+ &2  7#d7 9 p>agraph 7#h71 by /rik+
 ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a semicolon2 
&  7#e7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#i7
 ! t]m cov]$ p]iod means ! p]iod t--    
7,a7 beg9s on ,janu>y #a1 #bjbj2 &  7,b7
 ends #ij days aft] ! la/ date ( !      

,,covid-#ai national em]g5cy2 &  7#aj7 !
 t]m ,,covid-#ai national em]g5cy means 
! national em]g5cy decl>$ by ! ,presid5t
 "u ! ,national ,em]g5cies ,act 7#ej    
,u4,s4,c4 #afja et seq47 ) respect to ! 
,coronavirus ,disease #bjai             
7,,covid-#ai74  4  7b7 ,exclusion f     
def9ition ( employm5t loss ,section     
#b7;b7 ( ! ,work] ,adju/m5t & ,retra9+  
,notification ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4       
#baja7;b77 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !  
foll[+3  7#c7 ,not)/&+ subsection       
7a77#f71 dur+ ! cov]$ p]iod an employee 
may n be consid]$ to h exp]i5c$ an      
employm5t loss if ! t]m9ation1 lay(f    
exce$+ #f mon?s1 or r$uction 9 h\rs ( "w
 ( m ?an #ej p]c5t dur+ ea* mon? ( any  
#f-mon? p]iod involv$ is a result ( !   
,,covid-#ai national em]g5cy4  4  ,,ii  
,products  #bja4 ,applicability ( !     
t>get$ liability protections = p&emic & 
epidemic products & security            
c\nt]measures ) respect to ,,covid-#ai  
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #cai;,f-#c7;i77#a7
 ( ! ,public ,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db   

,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f;d7i77#a77 is am5d$--
 7#a7 9 subp>agraph 7,c71 by /rik+ 2 or 
& ins]t+ a semicolon2  7#b7 9           
subp>agraph 7,d71 by /rik+ ! p]iod &    
ins]t+ 2 or2 &  7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+3  7,e7 a drug 7z su* t]m is def9$
 9 section #bja7;g77#a7 ( ! ,f$]al      
,food1 ,drug1 & ,cosmetic ,act71        
biological product 7includ+ a vacc9e7 7z
 su* t]m is def9$ 9 section #cea7;i771  
or device 7z su* t]m is def9$ 9 section 
#bja7;h7 ( ! ,f$]al ,food1 ,drug1 &     
,cosmetic ,act7 t-- 7i7 is ! subject ( a
 notice ( use ( en=cem5t discretion     
issu$ by ! ,secret>y if su* drug1       
biological product1 or device is us$--  
7,i7 :5 su* notice is 9 effect2  7,,ii7 
)9 ! scope ( su* notice2 &  7,,iii7 9   
compliance ) o!r applicable requirem5ts 
( ! ,f$]al ,food1 ,drug1 & ,cosmetic    
,act t are n ! subject ( su* notice2    
7ii7 9 ! case ( a device1 is exempt f ! 
requirem5t "u section #eaj7k7 ( ! ,f$]al
 ,food1 ,drug1 & ,cosmetic ,act2 or     
7iii7 9 ! case ( a drug-- 7,i7 meets !  

requirem5ts = m>ket+ "u a f9al          
adm9i/rative ord] "u section #eje;,g ( !
 ,f$]al ,food1 ,drug1 & ,cosmetic ,act2 
or  7,,ii7 is m>ket$ 9 accordance )     
section #eje;,g7a77#c7 ( su* ,act4  4   
7b7 ,cl>ify+ means ( di/ribution        
,section #cai;,f-#c7;a77#e7 ( ! ,public 
,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4      
#bdg;d-#f;d7a77#e77 is am5d$ by ins]t+  
by1 or 9 p>tn]%ip )1 ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or  
local public heal? (ficials or ! private
 sector aft] di/ribution ! fir/ place x 
appe>s4  7c7 ,no *ange to ,adm9i/rative 
,proc$ure ,act application to en=cem5t  
discretion ex]cise ,section #cai;,f-#c (
 ! ,public ,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db     
,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f;d7 is am5d$ by add+ 
at ! end ! foll[+3  7j7 ,rule (         
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be 
con/ru$-- 7#a7 to require use (         
proc$ures describ$ 9 section #eec (     
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 = a      
notice ( use ( en=cem5t discretion = :i*
 su* proc$ures are n o!rwise requir$2 or
  7#b7 to affect :e!r su* notice        

con/itutes f9al ag5cy action )9 ! mean+ 
( section #gjd ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code4  4  ,,iii ,g5]al provisions     
#cja4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision (  
?is ,act1 an am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1  
or ! application ( su* a provision or   
am5dm5t to any p]son or circum/ance is  
held to be uncon/itutional1 ! rema9+    
provisions ( & am5dm5ts made by ?is     
,act1 z well z ! application ( su*      
provision or am5dm5t to any p]son o!r   
?an ! p>ties to ! action hold+ !        
provision or am5dm5t to be              
uncon/itutional1 or to any circum/ances 
o!r ?an ^? pres5t$ 9 su* action1 %all n 
be affect$ !reby4