,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dcjd  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #bc1 #bjbj,mr4   
,van ,holl5 7= ,mr4 ,m>key 7= himself & 
,mr4 ,van ,holl577 introduc$ ! foll[+   
bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ,=eign ,relations  ,a     
,,bill  ,to prohibit actions to t]m9ate 
or )draw ! ,unit$ ,/ates f c]ta9        
int]national agreem5ts )\t a jo9t       
resolution ( approval1 & = o!r purposes4
  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ 
z ! ,prev5t+ ,actions ,und]m9+ ,security
 )\t ,endorsem5t ,act or ! ,,pause ,act4
  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes ! foll[+   
f9d+s3 7#a7 ,! ,,covid-#ai global p&emic
 has highlight$ ! ne$ = ,unit$ ,/ates   
lead]%ip to address ! full range (      
int]national security *all5ges1 :i* !   
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates c d by      
reaffirm+ its /eadfa/ commitm5t to ^?   
mutually b5eficial treaties & agreem5ts 
=g$ ) its ,european & ,indo-,pacific    
allies1 along ) o!r /ates p>ties4  7#b7 
,= m ?an #gj ye>s1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has  

%[n a bip>tisan commitm5t to ! ,nor?    
,atlantic ,treaty ,organization         
7,,nato71 specifically to ! pr9ciple (  
collective def5se en%r9$ 9 ,article #e (
 ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty1 sign$ at    
,wa%+ton ,april #d1 #aidi4  7#c7        
,section #abdb ( ! ,national ,def5se    
,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjbj 
7,public ,law #aaf-ib7 prohibit$ ! use (
 funds = ! ,unit$ ,/ates )drawal f !    
,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty 9 recognition t 
! ,,nato alliance rema9s a corn]/one =  
peace & prosp]ity ?r\gh\t ! _w4  7#d7   
,on ,janu>y #bb1 #bjai1 ! ,h\se (       
,repres5tatives pass$ ,h4,r4 #fgf 7#aaf?
 ,congress7 on a #ceg-bb vote1 prohibit+
 ! use ( funds = ! ,unit$ ,/ates )drawal
 f ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty1 & on      
,decemb] #ag1 #bjai1 ! ,committee on    
,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate report$ out
 ,s4,j4 ,res4 #d 7#aaf? ,congress71 :i*1
 if enact$ into law1 w\ld require       
approval ( two-?irds ( ! ,s5ate1 or bo? 
,h\ses ( ,congress1 be=e ! ,presid5t    
c\ld )draw ! ,unit$ ,/ates f ! treaty4  

7#e7 ,! ,treaty on ,op5 ,skies provides 
a critical confid5ce-build+ measure =   
,euro-,atlantic security to ! mutual    
b5efit ( ! #cd ,/ates ,p>ties to !      
treaty1 & ! ,op5 ,skies ,consultative   
,commission 7,,oscc7 is "o ( ! few      
rema9+ op]ational diplomatic =ums f :i* 
! ,unit$ ,/ates c engage ) ! ,russian   
,f$]ation4  7#f7 ,al?\gh ! ,gov]nm5t ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates is "r to diplomatically  
press ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation
 to return to full compliance ) its     
obligations "u ! ,treaty on ,op5 ,skies1
 )drawal or t]m9ation ( ! treaty w\ld   
deprive ,unit$ ,/ates allies & p>tn]s ( 
! b5efits d]iv$ f obs]vation missions   
ov] ,russian t]ritory & ,russian-occupi$
 ,ea/]n ,ukra9e1 missions t h va/ly     
outnumb]$ ,russian ov]flights ( ,unit$  
,/ates t]ritory s9ce entry into =ce ( ! 
treaty4  7#g7 ,on ,may #bb1 #bjbj1      
,presid5t ,trump submitt$ notice ( !    
decision to )draw ! ,unit$ ,/ates f !   
,treaty on ,op5 ,skies1 &1 9 do+ s1     
fail$ to comply ) section #abcd7;a7 ( ! 

,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act =  
,fiscal ,ye> #bjbj 7,public ,law        
#aaf-ib71 requir+ ! ,presid5t to provide
 notification to ,congress #abj days    
be=e ! provision ( notice ( int5t to    
)draw ! ,unit$ ,/ates f t treaty4  7#h7 
,on ,july #g1 #bjbj1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate  
,mike ,pompeo =mally submitt$ a notice (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates decision to )draw f !  
,_w ,heal? ,organization1 :i*1 if su*   
decision takes effect #a ye> aft] t date
 & 9 accordance ) o!r requirem5ts "u    
law1 w deprive ! ,_w ,heal?             
,organization ( robu/ f9ancial &        
te*nical contributions f ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ne$$ to /r5g!n ! global response to !  
,,covid-#ai p&emic & address o!r heal?  
*all5ges4  7#i7 ,! ,mutual ,def5se      
,treaty ,betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & !     
,republic ( ,korea1 sign$ at ,wa%+ton   
,octob] #a1 #aiec1 ! ratification ( :i* 
! ,s5ate advis$ & cons5t$ to on ,janu>y 
#bf1 #aied1 0 born f mutual sacrifice   
dur+ ! ,korean ,w>1 is bas$ on %>$      
values & int]e/s1 & rema9s critical to !

 national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
ne>ly #g decades aft] its sign+4  7#aj7 
,a ,febru>y #bjbj report f ! ,dep>tm5t (
 ,/ate confirm$1 9 "p1 t v]ifiable      
limits on ,russia's /rategic nucle> =ce 
"u ! ,new ,,/>t ,treaty curr5tly        
contribute to ! national security ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#aa7 ,a decision by !  
,presid5t to all[ ! ,new ,,/>t ,treaty  
to expire on ,febru>y #e1 #bjba1 )\t !  
,unit$ ,/ates hav+ fir/ successfully    
conclud$ a v]ifiable & b9d+ agreem5t 9  
its place1 w\ld lead to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
los+ visibility into ! location1        
movem5t1 & disposition ( ! /rategic     
ars5al ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation to !      
detrim5t ( ! national security ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates & its allies4  7#ab7 ,!   
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates provides 
,congress an important role 9 ! treaty  
process1 requir+ ! advice & cons5t (    
two-?irds ( ! ,s5ate = approval ( a     
resolution ( ratification4  #c4         
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7           
,appropriate committees ( ,congress ,!  

t]m appropriate committees ( ,congress  
means-- 7,a7 ! ,committee on ,arm$      
,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,relations1 & ! ,committee on ,heal?1   
,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions ( !      
,s5ate2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on ,arm$   
,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,affairs1 & ! ,committee on ,education &
 ,labor ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4    
7#b7 ,con/itution ( ! ,_w ,heal?        
,organization ,! t]m ,con/itution ( !   
,_w ,heal? ,organization means !        
,con/itution ( ! ,_w ,heal?             
,organization1 done at ,new ,york ,july 
#bb1 #aidf 7#fb ,/at4 #bfgi2 ,,tias     
#ahjh74  7#c7 ,cov]$ int]national       
agreem5t ,! t]m cov]$ int]national      
agreem5t means-- 7,a7 any int]national  
treaty to :i* ! ,s5ate has giv5 its     
advice & cons5t to ratification2 or     
7,b7 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,_w ,heal?      
,organization4  7#d7 ,new ,,/>t ,treaty 
,! t]m ,new ,,/>t ,treaty means !       
,treaty betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica
 & ! ,russian ,f$]ation on ,measures = !

 ,fur!r ,r$uction & ,limitation (       
,/rategic ,(f5sive ,arms1 sign$ at      
,prague ,april #h1 #bjaj 7,,tias        
#aa-bje74  7#e7 ,treaty on ,op5 ,skies  
,! t]m ,treaty on ,op5 ,skies means !   
,treaty on ,op5 ,skies1 sign$ at        
,hels9ki ,m>* #bd1 #aiib4  #d4 ,s5se (  
,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t--  
7#a7 ! ,presid5t %\ld refra9 f tak+ any 
action to )draw or t]m9ate any cov]$    
int]national agreem5t )\t prop]         
consultation )1 & affirmative approval  
f1 ,congress2  7#b7 ! #aigi ,supreme    
,c\rt decision 9 ,goldwat] v4 ,c>t]1    
#ddd ,u4,s4 #iif 7#aigi71 is n controll+
 legal prec$5t ) respect to ! role (    
,congress 9 ! )drawal or t]m9ation ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates f an int]national treaty1 
z ! ,c\rt direct$ ! l[] c\rt to dismiss 
! compla9t & did n address !            
con/itutionality ( ! decision by        
,presid5t ,c>t] to t]m9ate ! ,mutual    
,def5se ,treaty betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates (
 ,am]ica & ! ,republic ( ,*9a1 sign$ at 
,wa%+ton ,decemb] #b1 #aied 7commonly   

ref]r$ to z ! ,s9o-,am]ican ,mutual     
,def5se ,treaty72  7#c7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
%\ld take e action to re9=ce its global 
reputation z a c\ntry t fully complies )
 its obligations "u ! int]national      
treaties to :i* x is a p>ty2 &  7#d7    
al?\gh ,congress au?oriz$ ! ,presid5t to
 accept memb]%ip = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! 
,_w ,heal? ,organization 9 #aidh ?r\gh !
 ,jo9t ,resolution entitl$ ,jo9t        
,resolution provid+ = memb]%ip &        
p>ticipation by ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,_w 
,heal? ,organization & au?oriz+ an      
appropriation !re=1 approv$ ,june #ad1  
#aidh 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bij et seq471 t   
,resolution did n address :e!r          
affirmative approval by bo? ,h\ses (    
,congress may be requir$ = a ,unit$     
,/ates )drawal f ! ,con/itution ( ! ,_w 
,heal? ,organization to take effect4    
#e4 ,jo9t resolution ( approval =       
t]m9ation or )drawal f c]ta9            
int]national agreem5ts ,no action to    
t]m9ate or )draw ! ,unit$ ,/ates f any  
cov]$ int]national agreem5t may occur   

unless-- 7#a7 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se & ! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 or ! ,secret>y (     
,heal? & ,human ,s]vices 9 ! case ( !   
,con/itution ( ! ,_w ,heal?             
,organization1 meet ! requirem5ts "u    
section #f2 &  7#b7 !re is enact$ into  
law a jo9t resolution t approves su*    
action4  #f4 ,submission on notice (    
int5t to t]m9ate or )draw ! ,unit$      
,/ates f c]ta9 int]national agreem5ts   
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n less ?an #abj days be=e 
! provision ( notice ( int5t to t]m9ate 
or )draw ! ,unit$ ,/ates f a cov]$      
int]national agreem5t1 ! ,secret>y (    
,def5se & ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 or !     
,secret>y ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices 9 !
 case ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,_w ,heal?   
,organization1 9 consultation ) !       
,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce1 %all
 ea* submit to ! appropriate committees 
( ,congress-- 7#a7 a detail$            
ju/ification = ! )drawal f or t]m9ation 
( ! agreem5t2  7#b7 if ! ju/ification   
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 includes t a   
/ate p>ty to ! agreem5t is 9 mat]ial    

brea* ( "o or m obligations "u !        
agreem5t1 a detail$ explanation ( ! /eps
 tak5 by t /ate p>ty to return to       
compliance ) su* obligations2  7#c7 a   
c]tification t-- 7,a7 all o!r /ate      
p>ties to ! agreem5t h be5 consult$ )   
respect to ! ju/ification describ$ 9    
p>agraph 7#a72  7,b7 )drawal f or       
t]m9ation ( ! agreem5t w\ld be 9 ! be/  
national int]e/s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &   
7,c7 all /eps tak5 = )drawal f or       
t]m9ation ( ! agreem5t are 9 compliance 
) ! agreem5t2 &  7#d7 a compreh5sive    
/rategy to mitigate aga9/ lo/ capacity (
 b5efits1 includ+ plans = a sup]s$+     
agreem5t or pot5tial new bilat]al or    
multilat]al confid5ce-build+ measures4  
7b7 ,=m ,! submission requir$ by        
subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9       
unclassifi$ =m1 b may include a         
classifi$ annex4  7c7 ,applicability to 
,new ,/rategic ,arms ,r$uction ,treaty  
,?is section %all apply to a decision by
 ! ,presid5t to n r5ew ! ,new ,,/>t     
,treaty = up to an additional #e ye>s4  

#g4 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 section 
#e or #f %all be con/ru$ z elim9at+ any 
requirem5t set out 9-- 7#a7 ! ,jo9t     
,resolution entitl$ ,jo9t ,resolution   
provid+ = memb]%ip & p>ticipation by !  
,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,_w ,heal?            
,organization & au?oriz+ an             
appropriation !re=1 approv$ ,june #ad1  
#aidh 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bij et seq471     
relat+ to ,unit$ ,/ates )drawal f ! ,_w 
,heal? ,organization2 or  7#b7 section  
#abcd7;a7 ( ! ,national ,def5se         
,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjbj 
7,public ,law #aaf-ib71 relat+ to ,unit$
 ,/ates )drawal f ! ,treaty on ,op5     
,skies4