,,ii #aafth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #dcjd ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,july #bc1 #bjbj,mr4 ,van ,hollen 7for ,mr4 ,markey 7for himself and ,mr4 ,van ,hollen77 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,a ,,bill ,to prohibit actions to terminate or withdraw the ,united ,states from certain international agreements without a joint resolution of approval1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,preventing ,actions ,undermining ,security without ,endorsement ,act or the ,,pause ,act4 #b4 ,findings ,congress makes the following findings3 7#a7 ,the ,,covid-#ai global pandemic has highlighted the need for ,united ,states leadership to address the full range of international security challenges1 which the ,government of the ,united ,states can do by reaffirming its steadfast commitment to those mutually beneficial treaties and agreements forged with its ,european and ,indo-,pacific allies1 along with other states parties4 7#b7 ,for more than #gj years1 the ,united ,states has shown a bipartisan commitment to the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty ,organization 7,,nato71 specifically to the principle of collective defense enshrined in ,article #e of the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty1 signed at ,washington ,april #d1 #aidi4 7#c7 ,section #abdb of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-ib7 prohibited the use of funds for the ,united ,states withdrawal from the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty in recognition that the ,,nato alliance remains a cornerstone for peace and prosperity throughout the world4 7#d7 ,on ,january #bb1 #bjai1 the ,house of ,representatives passed ,h4,r4 #fgf 7#aafth ,congress7 on a #ceg-bb vote1 prohibiting the use of funds for the ,united ,states withdrawal from the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty1 and on ,december #ag1 #bjai1 the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations of the ,senate reported out ,s4,j4 ,res4 #d 7#aafth ,congress71 which1 if enacted into law1 would require approval of two-thirds of the ,senate1 or both ,houses of ,congress1 before the ,president could withdraw the ,united ,states from the treaty4 7#e7 ,the ,treaty on ,open ,skies provides a critical confidence-building measure for ,euro-,atlantic security to the mutual benefit of the #cd ,states ,parties to the treaty1 and the ,open ,skies ,consultative ,commission 7,,oscc7 is one of the few remaining operational diplomatic forums from which the ,united ,states can engage with the ,russian ,federation4 7#f7 ,although the ,government of the ,united ,states is right to diplomatically press the ,government of the ,russian ,federation to return to full compliance with its obligations under the ,treaty on ,open ,skies1 withdrawal or termination of the treaty would deprive ,united ,states allies and partners of the benefits derived from observation missions over ,russian territory and ,russian-occupied ,eastern ,ukraine1 missions that have vastly outnumbered ,russian overflights of ,united ,states territory since entry into force of the treaty4 7#g7 ,on ,may #bb1 #bjbj1 ,president ,trump submitted notice of the decision to withdraw the ,united ,states from the ,treaty on ,open ,skies1 and1 in doing so1 failed to comply with section #abcd7;a7 of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-ib71 requiring the ,president to provide notification to ,congress #abj days before the provision of notice of intent to withdraw the ,united ,states from that treaty4 7#h7 ,on ,july #g1 #bjbj1 ,secretary of ,state ,mike ,pompeo formally submitted a notice of the ,united ,states decision to withdraw from the ,world ,health ,organization1 which1 if such decision takes effect #a year after that date and in accordance with other requirements under law1 will deprive the ,world ,health ,organization of robust financial and technical contributions from the ,united ,states needed to strengthen the global response to the ,,covid-#ai pandemic and address other health challenges4 7#i7 ,the ,mutual ,defense ,treaty ,between the ,united ,states and the ,republic of ,korea1 signed at ,washington ,october #a1 #aiec1 the ratification of which the ,senate advised and consented to on ,january #bf1 #aied1 was born from mutual sacrifice during the ,korean ,war1 is based on shared values and interests1 and remains critical to the national security of the ,united ,states nearly #g decades after its signing4 7#aj7 ,a ,february #bjbj report from the ,department of ,state confirmed1 in part1 that verifiable limits on ,russia's strategic nuclear force under the ,new ,,start ,treaty currently contribute to the national security of the ,united ,states4 7#aa7 ,a decision by the ,president to allow the ,new ,,start ,treaty to expire on ,february #e1 #bjba1 without the ,united ,states having first successfully concluded a verifiable and binding agreement in its place1 would lead to the ,united ,states losing visibility into the location1 movement1 and disposition of the strategic arsenal of the ,russian ,federation to the detriment of the national security of the ,united ,states and its allies4 7#ab7 ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states provides ,congress an important role in the treaty process1 requiring the advice and consent of two-thirds of the ,senate for approval of a resolution of ratification4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,armed ,services1 the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations1 and the ,committee on ,health1 ,education1 ,labor1 and ,pensions of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,armed ,services1 the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs1 and the ,committee on ,education and ,labor of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#b7 ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization ,the term ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization means the ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization1 done at ,new ,york ,july #bb1 #aidf 7#fb ,stat4 #bfgi2 ,,tias #ahjh74 7#c7 ,covered international agreement ,the term covered international agreement means-- 7,a7 any international treaty to which the ,senate has given its advice and consent to ratification2 or 7,b7 the ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization4 7#d7 ,new ,,start ,treaty ,the term ,new ,,start ,treaty means the ,treaty between the ,united ,states of ,america and the ,russian ,federation on ,measures for the ,further ,reduction and ,limitation of ,strategic ,offensive ,arms1 signed at ,prague ,april #h1 #bjaj 7,,tias #aa-bje74 7#e7 ,treaty on ,open ,skies ,the term ,treaty on ,open ,skies means the ,treaty on ,open ,skies1 signed at ,helsinki ,march #bd1 #aiib4 #d4 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that-- 7#a7 the ,president should refrain from taking any action to withdraw or terminate any covered international agreement without proper consultation with1 and affirmative approval from1 ,congress2 7#b7 the #aigi ,supreme ,court decision in ,goldwater v4 ,carter1 #ddd ,u4,s4 #iif 7#aigi71 is not controlling legal precedent with respect to the role of ,congress in the withdrawal or termination of the ,united ,states from an international treaty1 as the ,court directed the lower court to dismiss the complaint and did not address the constitutionality of the decision by ,president ,carter to terminate the ,mutual ,defense ,treaty between the ,united ,states of ,america and the ,republic of ,china1 signed at ,washington ,december #b1 #aied 7commonly referred to as the ,sino-,american ,mutual ,defense ,treaty72 7#c7 the ,united ,states should take every action to reinforce its global reputation as a country that fully complies with its obligations under the international treaties to which it is a party2 and 7#d7 although ,congress authorized the ,president to accept membership for the ,united ,states to the ,world ,health ,organization in #aidh through the ,joint ,resolution entitled ,joint ,resolution providing for membership and participation by the ,united ,states in the ,world ,health ,organization and authorizing an appropriation therefor1 approved ,june #ad1 #aidh 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bij et seq471 that ,resolution did not address whether affirmative approval by both ,houses of ,congress may be required for a ,united ,states withdrawal from the ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization to take effect4 #e4 ,joint resolution of approval for termination or withdrawal from certain international agreements ,no action to terminate or withdraw the ,united ,states from any covered international agreement may occur unless-- 7#a7 the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,secretary of ,state1 or the ,secretary of ,health and ,human ,services in the case of the ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization1 meet the requirements under section #f2 and 7#b7 there is enacted into law a joint resolution that approves such action4 #f4 ,submission on notice of intent to terminate or withdraw the ,united ,states from certain international agreements 7a7 ,in general ,not less than #abj days before the provision of notice of intent to terminate or withdraw the ,united ,states from a covered international agreement1 the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,secretary of ,state1 or the ,secretary of ,health and ,human ,services in the case of the ,constitution of the ,world ,health ,organization1 in consultation with the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 shall each submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress-- 7#a7 a detailed justification for the withdrawal from or termination of the agreement2 7#b7 if the justification described in paragraph 7#a7 includes that a state party to the agreement is in material breach of one or more obligations under the agreement1 a detailed explanation of the steps taken by that state party to return to compliance with such obligations2 7#c7 a certification that-- 7,a7 all other state parties to the agreement have been consulted with respect to the justification described in paragraph 7#a72 7,b7 withdrawal from or termination of the agreement would be in the best national interests of the ,united ,states2 and 7,c7 all steps taken for withdrawal from or termination of the agreement are in compliance with the agreement2 and 7#d7 a comprehensive strategy to mitigate against lost capacity of benefits1 including plans for a superseding agreement or potential new bilateral or multilateral confidence-building measures4 7b7 ,form ,the submission required by subsection 7a7 shall be submitted in unclassified form1 but may include a classified annex4 7c7 ,applicability to ,new ,strategic ,arms ,reduction ,treaty ,this section shall apply to a decision by the ,president to not renew the ,new ,,start ,treaty for up to an additional #e years4 #g4 ,rule of construction ,nothing in section #e or #f shall be construed as eliminating any requirement set out in-- 7#a7 the ,joint ,resolution entitled ,joint ,resolution providing for membership and participation by the ,united ,states in the ,world ,health ,organization and authorizing an appropriation therefor1 approved ,june #ad1 #aidh 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bij et seq471 relating to ,united ,states withdrawal from the ,world ,health ,organization2 or 7#b7 section #abcd7;a7 of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-ib71 relating to ,united ,states withdrawal from the ,treaty on ,open ,skies4