,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #djea  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #bc1 #bjbj,mr4   
,graham 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,cotton1 &     
,mrs4 ,blackburn7 introduc$ ! foll[+    
bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill    
,to improve ! ability ( law en=cem5t    
ag5cies to access encrypt$ data1 & = o!r
 purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act   
may be cit$ z ! ,lawful ,access to      
,encrypt$ ,data ,act4  #b4 ,table (     
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title4,sec4  
#b4 ,table ( cont5ts4,,title ,i--,data  
at rest,sec4 #aja4 ,data at re/4,,title 
,,ii--,data 9 motion,sec4 #bja4         
,assi/ance4,sec4 #bjb4 ,capability4,sec4
 #bjc4 ,,calea am5dm5t4,,title          
,,iii--,assi/ance capability            
directives,sec4 #cja4 ,assi/ance        
capability directives4,,title ,,iv--,p5 
regi/] & trap & trace amendments,sec4   
#dja4 ,capability requirem5ts4,sec4     
#djb4 ,def9+ te*nical assi/ance4,,title 

,v--,,fisa amendments,sec4 #eja4        
,electronic surveillance )9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates = =eign intellig5ce              
purposes4,sec4 #ejb4 ,physical se>*es )9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = =eign intellig5ce    
purposes4,sec4 #ejc4 ,p5 regi/]2 trap & 
trace4,sec4 #ejd4 ,bus9ess records4,sec4
 #eje4 ,c]ta9 acquisitions inside !     
,unit$ ,/ates t>get+ ,unit$ ,/ates      
p]sons outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates4,,title  
,,vi--,prize competition,sec4 #fja4     
,f9d+s4,sec4 #fjb4 ,def9itions4,sec4    
#fjc4 ,prize competition4,sec4 #fjd4    
,implem5tation4,sec4 #fje4 ,judges4,sec4
 #fjf4 ,report to ,congress4,sec4 #fjg4 
,au?orization ( appropriations4,sec4    
#fjh4 ,t]m9ation ( au?ority4,,title     
,,vii--,lawful access training,sec4     
#gja4 ,lawful access tra9+              
program4,title ,,viii--,effective       
date,sec4 #hja4 ,effective date4  ,i    
,data at re/  #aja4 ,data at re/  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,*apt] #bje ( title #ah1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end 
! foll[+3  #caai4 ,assi/ance ord]s to   

?ird p>ties & capability requirem5ts    
7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section-- 7#a7 ! 
t]m consum] electronic device means a   
device t-- 7,a7 may be pur*as$ by a     
memb] ( ! g5]al public2 &  7,b7 c be    
configur$ to /ore #a gigabyte ( data or 
m2  7#b7 ! t]m c\rt ( compet5t          
jurisdiction means-- 7,a7 a di/rict c\rt
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7includ+ a magi/rate 
judge ( su* a c\rt7 or a ,unit$ ,/ates  
c\rt ( appeals2 &  7,b7 a c\rt ( g5]al  
crim9al jurisdiction ( a ,/ate au?oriz$ 
by ! law ( t ,/ate to issue se>*        
w>rants2  7#c7 ! t]m device manufactur] 
means a p]son :o designs1 manufactures1 
fabricates1 or assembles a f9i%$ consum]
 electronic device2  7#d7 ! t]m         
gov]nm5tal entity has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m
 9 section #bgaa2  7#e7 ! t]m op]at+    
sy/em provid] means a p]son :o designs1 
m>kets1 or sells s(tw>e t-- 7,a7        
controls ! op]ation ( a consum]         
electronic device2 &  7,b7 directs !    
process+ ( programs on ! consum]        
electronic device 7su* z by assign+     

/orage space 9 memory & controll+ input 
& output functions72  7#f7 ! t]m remote 
comput+ s]vice has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 
section #bgaa2 &  7#g7 ! t]m ,/ate means
 any ,/ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,di/rict
 ( ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to   
,rico1 & any t]ritory or possession ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4  7b7 ,c\rt ord] =        
assi/ance  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a c\rt (      
compet5t jurisdiction1 9 support ( a    
se>* w>rant bas$ ^u probable cause issu$
 by ! c\rt t au?orizes ! se>* ( an      
electronic device or remotely /or$      
electronic in=mation1 %all1 ^u receiv+ a
 motion describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#c7 t /ates
 reasonable gr\nds to believe t !       
assi/ance requir$ by ! ord] w aid 9 !   
execution ( ! w>rant1 ord] a device     
manufactur]1 an op]at+ sy/em provid]1 a 
provid] ( remote comput+ s]vice1 or     
ano!r p]son to furni% all in=mation1    
facilities1 & assi/ance necess>y to     
access in=mation /or$ on an electronic  
device or to access remotely /or$       
electronic in=mation1 z au?oriz$ by !   

se>* w>rant4  7#b7 ,assi/ance ,!        
in=mation1 facilities1 & assi/ance ord]$
 to be furni%$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all    
include-- 7,a7 isolat+ ! in=mation      
au?oriz$ to be se>*$2  7,b7 decrypt+ or 
decod+ in=mation on ! electronic device 
or remotely /or$ electronic in=mation t 
is au?oriz$ to be se>*$1 or o!rwise     
provid+ su* in=mation 9 an intelligible 
=mat1 unless ! indep5d5t actions ( an   
unaffiliat$ entity make x te*nically    
impossible to d s2 &  7,c7 provid+      
te*nical support z necess>y to ensure   
effective execution ( ! w>rant = !      
electronic devices p>ticul>ly describ$  
by ! w>rant4  7#c7 ,motion ,an attorney 
= a gov]nm5tal entity may move t ! c\rt 
issue an ord] "u ?is subsection-- 7,a7  
aft] a se>* w>rant t au?orizes ! se>* ( 
an electronic device or remotely /or$   
electronic in=mation has be5 issu$2 or  
7,b7 concurr5tly ) an application = a   
se>* w>rant describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74
  7#d7 ,comp5sation & exemption f       
liability  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject to    

subp>agraph 7,b71 a device manufactur]1 
op]at+ sy/em provid]1 provid] ( remote  
comput+ s]vice1 or o!r p]son furni%+    
in=mation1 facilities1 or assi/ance     
pursuant to an ord] issu$ "u ?is        
subsection-- 7i7 %all be comp5sat$ =    
reasonable exp5ses directly incurr$ 9   
comply+ ) ! ord]2 &  7ii7 may n be held 
civilly liable to any p>ty = any action 
tak5 t is reasonably necess>y to comply 
) ! ord]4  7,b7 ,limitation ,reasonable 
exp5ses "u subp>agraph 7,a7 may n exce$ 
#cjj4  7c7 ,capability ,to assi/  7#a7  
,device manufactur]s ,a device          
manufactur] t sold m ?an #a1jjj1jjj     
consum] electronic devices 9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates 9 #bjaf or any cal5d> ye>        
!reaft]1 or t has receiv$ an assi/ance  
capability directive "u section #ceac1  
%all ensure t ! manufactur] has !       
ability to provide ! assi/ance describ$ 
9 subsection 7b77#b7 = any consum]      
electronic device t ! manufactur]-- 7,a7
 designs1 manufactures1 fabricates1 or  
assembles2 &  7,b7 int5ds = sale or     

di/ribution 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7    
,provid]s ( remote comput+ s]vice2      
op]at+ sy/em provid]s ,a provid] (      
remote comput+ s]vice or op]at+ sy/em   
provid] t provid$ s]vice to m ?an       
#a1jjj1jjj subscrib]s or us]s 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates 9 #bjaf or any cal5d> ye>       
!reaft]1 or t has receiv$ an assi/ance  
capability directive "u section #ceac1  
%all ensure t ! provid] has ! ability to
 provide ! assi/ance describ$ 9         
subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( subsection   
7b77#b7 = any remotely /or$ data t !    
provid] processes or /ores4  7#c7       
,contract+ au?oriz$ ,a device           
manufactur]1 provid] ( remote comput+   
s]vice1 or op]at+ sy/em provid] may     
satisfy ! obligations "u ?is subsection 
by contract+ ) any o!r ,unit$ ,/ates    
p]son or entity to provide ! requir$    
assi/ance4  7#d7 ,co/s ,a device        
manufactur]1 provid] ( remote comput+   
s]vice1 or op]at+ sy/em provid] to :i*  
?is subsection applies %all be> ! co/s  
associat$ ) ! developm5t ( ! capability 

requir$ "u ?is subsection1 includ+ any  
contract+ co/s incurr$ by ! device      
manufactur]1 provid] ( remote comput+   
s]vice1 or op]at+ sy/em provid] "u      
p>agraph 7#c71 unless ! manufactur] or  
provid] has receiv$ an assi/ance        
capability directive "u section #ceac4  
4  7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,!    
table ( sections = *apt] #bje ( title   
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #caai4         
,assi/ance ord]s to ?ird p>ties &       
capability requirem5ts4  4  7c7         
,applicability ,! obligation "u section 
#caai7;c77#a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code1 z add$ by subsection 7a71 %all  
apply ) respect to a consum] electronic 
device manufactur$ on or aft] !         
effective date 9 section #hja ( ?is     
,act4  ,,ii ,data 9 motion  #bja4       
,assi/ance ,section #beah7d7 ( title    
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$1 9 ! 
undesignat$ matt] foll[+ p>agraph 7e71  
by /rik+ ) a m9imum ( int]f]5ce ) !     
s]vices t su* s]vice provid]1 l&lord1   

cu/odian1 or p]son is accord+ ! p]son ^:
 communications are to be int]cept$4    
,any provid] ( wire or electronic       
communication s]vice1 l&lord1 cu/odian  
or o!r p]son furni%+ su* facilities or  
te*nical assi/ance %all be comp5sat$    
!re= by ! applicant = reasonable exp5ses
 incurr$ 9 provid+ su* facilities or    
assi/ance4 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 9 a mann] 
design$ to uphold ! nondisclosure       
obligations "u section #beaa7b77;a77ii74
 ,su* furni%+ ( in=mation1 facilities1 &
 te*nical assi/ance %all include-- 7i7  
isolat+ all communications au?oriz$ to  
be int]cept$2  7ii7 decrypt+1 decod+1 or
 o!rwise provid+ 9 an intelligible =mat 
! communications au?oriz$ to be         
int]cept$1 unless ! indep5d5t actions ( 
an unaffiliat$ entity make x te*nically 
impossible to d s2 &  7iii7 deliv]+ all 
communications au?oriz$ to be int]cept$ 
securely1 reliably1 & concurr5tly ) _!  
transmission4 ,any provid] ( wire or    
electronic communication s]vice1 l&lord1
 cu/odian1 or o!r p]son furni%+ su*     

in=mation1 facilities1 or te*nical      
assi/ance %all be comp5sat$ !re= by !   
applicant = reasonable exp5ses directly 
incurr$ 9 provid+ su* in=mation1        
facilities1 or assi/ance4 4  #bjb4      
,capability  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,*apt] #aai ( 
title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #bebd4     
,capability requirem5ts  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,a
 provid] ( wire or electronic           
communication s]vice t _h m ?an         
#a1jjj1jjj mon?ly active us]s 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates 9 ,janu>y #bjaf or any mon?     
!reaft]1 or has receiv$ an assi/ance    
capability directive "u section #ceac1  
%all ensure t ! provid] has ! ability to
 provide ! in=mation1 facilities1 &     
te*nical assi/ance describ$ 9 section   
#beah7d74  7b7 ,calculation ( mon?ly    
active us]s ,= purposes ( subsection    
7a71 ! numb] ( mon?ly active us]s ( a   
wire or electronic communication s]vice 
%all be calculat$ by tak+ ! av]age ( !  
numb] ( individual us]s or subscrib]s ( 
! s]vice t are active p] mon? 9 any     

cal5d> ye>4  7c7 ,co/s ,a provid] ( wire
 or electronic communication s]vice to  
:i* subsection 7a7 applies %all be> any 
co/s associat$ ) ! developm5t ( !       
capability requir$ "u t subsection1     
unless ! provid] has receiv$ an         
assi/ance capability directive "u       
section #ceac4  4  7b7 ,te*nical &      
con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table ( sections =    
*apt] #aai ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates   
,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !      
foll[+3  #bebd4 ,capability requirem5ts4
  4  #bjc4 ,,calea am5dm5t  7a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,section #ajc7;b77#c7 ( !              
,communications ,assi/ance = ,law       
,en=cem5t ,act 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4           
#ajjb7;b77#c77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ 
1 or ensur+ ! gov]nm5t's ability to     
decrypt12  7#b7 by /rik+ ! encryption 0 
provid$ & ins]t+ ! means ( encryption or
 o!r encod+ 0 implem5t$ by or           
facilitat$2 &  7#c7 by /rik+ & ! c>ri]  
possesses ! in=mation necess>y to       
decrypt ! communication4  ,,iii         
,assi/ance capability directives  #cja4 

,assi/ance capability directives  7a7 ,9
 g5]al ,*apt] #bbc ( title #ah1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end 
! foll[+3  #ceac4 ,assi/ance capability 
directives  7a7 ,def9itions ,!          
def9itions 9 sections #beaj & #caai %all
 apply to ?is section4  7b7 ,cont5ts (  
directives & proc$ure = issu+  7#a7     
,au?ority  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,if ! ,attorney
 ,g5]al makes ! applicable f9d+ )       
respect to a p]son "u p>agraph 7#c71 !  
,attorney ,g5]al may direct ! p]son to  
create or ma9ta9 any ( ! assi/ance      
capabilities describ$ 9 section #beah1  
#bebd1 #caai1 #cabg1 or #cabh4  7,b7    
,writt5 directive ,a directive issu$ "u 
subp>agraph 7,a7 %all be 9 writ+4  7#b7 
,requir$ report+ ,n lat] ?an #cj days   
aft] ! date on :i* a p]son receives a   
directive f ! ,attorney ,g5]al "u       
p>agraph 7#a71 ! p]son %all report to ! 
,attorney ,g5]al1 or a designee ( !     
,attorney ,g5]al1 on1 at a m9imum-- 7,a7
 any te*nical capabilities t ! p]son    
kn[s or expects to be necess>y to       

implem5t & comply ) an anticipat$ c\rt  
ord] or o!r lawful au?orization "u      
section #beah1 #caai1 or #cabc2 &  7,b7 
! timel9e ( ! p]son = develop+ & deploy+
 ! te*nical capabilities describ$ 9     
subp>agraph 7,a74  7#c7 ,f9d+s ,!       
,attorney ,g5]al may issue a directive  
to a p]son "u p>agraph 7#a7 only if !   
,attorney ,g5]al f9ds-- 7,a7 9 ! case ( 
assi/ance capabilities describ$ 9       
section #beah1 #bebd1 or #cabh t dur+ ! 
prec$+ cal5d> ye>1 communications       
occurr+ ov] s]vices ! p]son (f]s1       
provides1 or has access to 7 subject to 
n few] ?an #e c\rt ord]s issu$ "u-- 7i7 
*apt] #aai ( ?is title2 or  7ii7 !      
,=eign ,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act (
 #aigh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq472 or
  7,b7 9 ! case ( assi/ance capabilities
 describ$ 9 section #caai1 t1 dur+ !    
prec$+ cal5d> ye>1 data /or$ 9 any      
device1 s]vice1 or op]at+ sy/em sold or 
lic5s$ by ! p]son 0 subject to n few]   
?an #e ,f$]al or ,/ate se>* w>rants4    
7#d7 ,release f liability ,no civil     

cause ( action %all lie 9 any c\rt aga9/
 a p]son :o receives a directive "u     
p>agraph 7#a7 = any action or omission  
reasonably necess>y to comply ) !       
directive4  7#e7 ,effective date &      
expiration date ( directives  7,a7 ,9   
g5]al ,subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 a   
directive issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all   
conta9-- 7i7 a date on :i* ! directive  
takes effect2 &  7ii7 a date :5 !       
directive expires4  7,b7 ,limits ,a     
directive issu$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 may n--
 7i7 take effect e>li] ?an #ahj days    
aft] ! date on :i* ! directive is issu$2
 or  7ii7 expire lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] !
 date on :i* ! directive takes effect4  
7#f7 ,report+ ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] 
! date on :i* a directive issu$ "u      
p>agraph 7#a7 takes effect1 ! ,attorney 
,g5]al %all submit to ! ,committee on ! 
,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a
 copy ( ! directive4  7#g7 ,no te*nical 
dem&s ,a directive issu$ to a p]son "u  
p>agraph 7#a7 may n specify te*nical    

means by :i* ! p]son is requir$ to      
implem5t ! requir$ capabilities4  7c7   
,*all5ges ( directives & appeal  7#a7   
,petition ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] !   
date on :i* ! ,attorney ,g5]al issues a 
directive to a p]son "u subsection 7b71 
! p]son may file a petition to modify or
 set aside ! directive 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict (          
,columbia4  7#b7 ,consid]ation (        
petition  7,a7 ,grant ,! c\rt may grant 
a petition fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 only   
if-- 7i7 ! directive does n meet !      
requirem5ts ( ?is section2  7ii7 ! p]son
 fil+ ! petition demon/rates1 by cle> & 
conv9c+ evid5ce1 t x is te*nically      
impossible = ! p]son to make any *ange  
to ! way ! h>dw>e1 s(tw>e1 or o!r       
prop]ty ( ! p]son behaves 9 ord] to     
comply ) ! directive2 or  7iii7 !       
directive is o!rwise unlawful4  7,b7    
,d5ial ,if none ( ! bases = grant+ a    
petition "u subp>agraph 7,a7 are met1 ! 
c\rt %all d5y ! petition4  7,c7 ,ex p>te
 review  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,9 consid]+ a     

petition fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! c\rt  
may review any in=mation t ! ,attorney  
,g5]al1 ^u fil+ an affidavit "u oa? t   
disclosure ( ! in=mation w\ld h>m !     
national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or  
h>m ! en=cem5t ( crim9al law1 *ooses to 
provide to ! c\rt solely = ex p>te      
review4  7ii7 ,no waiv] ( privilege ,!  
ex]cise ( ! au?ority "u clause 7i7 does 
n waive any applicable privilege4  7#c7 
,initial review  7,a7 ,deadl9e ,n lat]  
?an #cj days aft] ! date on :i* a       
petition is fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 !    
c\rt %all conduct an initial review ( ! 
petition4  7,b7 ,review ,if ! c\rt      
det]m9es t ! petition does n consi/ (   
claims1 def5ses1 or o!r legal cont5tions
 t are w>rant$ by exi/+ law or by a     
non-frivol\s argum5t = ext5d+1 modify+1 
or rev]s+ exi/+ law or = e/abli%+ new   
law1 ! c\rt %all imm$iately-- 7i7 d5y ! 
petition2  7ii7 affirm ! directive or   
any "p ( ! directive t is ! subject ( ! 
petition2 &  7iii7 ord] ! recipi5t to   
comply ) ! directive or "p !re(4  7,c7  

,writt5 /atem5t ,^u mak+ a det]m9ation  
"u subp>agraph 7,b7 or promptly !reaft]1
 ! c\rt %all provide a writt5 /atem5t = 
! record ( ! reasons = ! det]m9ation4   
7#d7 ,pl5>y review  7,a7 ,deadl9e ,if ! 
c\rt det]m9es t a petition fil$ "u      
p>agraph 7#a7 requires pl5>y review--   
7i7 n lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! petition 
is fil$1 ! c\rt %all affirm1 modify1 or 
set aside ! directive t is ! subject ( !
 petition2 or  7ii7 if ! c\rt does n set
 aside ! directive by ! date specifi$ "u
 clause 7i71 ! c\rt %all imm$iately1 or 
9 any ev5t n lat] ?an #e days !reaft]-- 
7,i7 affirm or affirm ) modifications ! 
directive2 &  7,,ii7 ord] ! p]son :o    
receiv$ ! directive to comply ) !       
directive 9 its entirety or z modifi$4  
7,b7 ,writt5 /atem5t ,^u mak+ a         
det]m9ation "u subp>agraph 7,a7 or      
promptly !reaft]1 ! c\rt %all provide a 
writt5 /atem5t = ! record ( ! reasons = 
! det]m9ation4  7#e7 ,appeals  7,a7 ,"r 
( appeal ,! ,attorney ,g5]al or a p]son 
:o receives a directive "u subsection   

7b7 may appeal a f9al ord] ( ! di/rict  
c\rt "u ?is subsection n lat] ?an #cj   
days aft] entry ( ! ord]4  7,b7         
,proc$ure ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (      
,appeals = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia       
,circuit %all exp$ite ! consid]ation (  
any appeal br\ght "u ?is p>agraph1 & !  
exp5se or ef=t requir$ to comply ) a    
directive issu$ "u subsection 7b7 %all n
 be a basis = /ay+ a f9al ord] ( !      
di/rict c\rt "u ?is subsection p5d+     
appeal4  7d7 ,en=cem5t ( directives     
7#a7 ,failure to comply ,if a p]son     
fails to comply ) a directive issu$ "u  
subsection 7b71 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may  
file a petition = an ord] to compel !   
p]son to comply ) ! directive 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,di/rict (   
,columbia1 :i* %all h jurisdiction to   
review ! petition4  7#b7 ,ex p>te review
  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 consid]+ a petition  
fil$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! c\rt may review
 any in=mation t ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ^u 
fil+ an affidavit "u oa? t disclosure ( 
! in=mation w\ld h>m ! national security

 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or h>m ! en=cem5t (  
crim9al law1 *ooses to provide to ! c\rt
 solely = ex p>te review4  7,b7 ,no     
waiv] ( privilege ,! ex]cise ( !        
au?ority "u subp>agraph 7,a7 does n     
waive any applicable privilege4  7#c7   
,ord] to comply  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]  
?an #cj days aft] a petition is fil$ "u 
p>agraph 7#a71 ! c\rt %all issue an ord]
 requir+ ! p]son to comply ) ! directive
 or any "p ( ! directive1 z issu$ or z  
modifi$1 if ! c\rt f9ds t ! directive   
meets ! requirem5ts ( ?is section & is  
o!rwise lawful4  7,b7 ,writt5 /atem5t   
,^u mak+ a det]m9ation "u subp>agraph   
7,a7 or promptly !reaft]1 ! c\rt %all   
provide a writt5 /atem5t = ! record ( ! 
reasons = ! det]m9ation4  7#d7 ,p5alty  
,failure to obey an ord] issu$ "u       
p>agraph 7#c7 %all con/itute contempt ( 
c\rt4  7#e7 ,process ,any process "u ?is
 subsection may be s]v$ 9 any judicial  
di/rict 9 :i* ! recipi5t may be f\nd or 
does bus9ess4  7#f7 ,appeals  7,a7 ,"r (
 appeal ,! ,attorney ,g5]al or a p]son  

:o receives a directive "u subsection   
7b7 may appeal a f9al ord] ( ! di/rict  
c\rt "u ?is subsection n lat] ?an #cj   
days aft] entry ( ! ord]4  7,b7         
,proc$ure ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (      
,appeals = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia       
,circuit %all exp$ite ! consid]ation (  
any appeal br\ght "u ?is p>agraph1 & !  
exp5se or ef=t requir$ to comply ) a    
directive issu$ "u subsection 7b7 %all n
 be a basis = /ay+ a f9al ord] ( !      
di/rict c\rt ord] "u ?is subsection p5d+
 appeal4  7e7 ,co/ reimbursem5t  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,subject to p>agraph 7#c71 a     
p]son :o receives a directive "u        
subsection 7b7 %all be comp5sat$ !re= by
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = reasonable exp5ses   
directly incurr$ 9 comply+ ) !          
directive4  7#b7 ,am\nt ,! am\nt (      
comp5sation provid$ "u p>agraph 7#a7--  
7,a7 %all be mutually agre$ ^u by !     
,attorney ,g5]al & ! p]son comply+ ) !  
directive2 or  7,b7 9 ! abs5ce ( an     
agreem5t "u subp>agraph 7,a71 %all be   
det]m9$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict     

,c\rt = ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4  4  7b7 
,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table (   
sections = *apt] #bbc ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #ceac4 ,assi/ance     
capability directives4  4  ,,iv ,p5     
regi/] & trap & trace am5dm5ts  #dja4   
,capability requirem5ts  7a7 ,9 g5]al   
,*apt] #bjf ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !      
foll[+3  #cabh4 ,capability requirem5ts 
7a7 ,p5 regi/] capability  7#a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,a wire or electronic communication    
s]vice provid] t _h m ?an #a1jjj1jjj    
mon?ly active us]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9  
,janu>y #bjaf or any mon? !reaft] %all  
ensure t ! provid] has ! ability to     
provide ! in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraphs
 7#c7 & 7#g7 ( section #cabg directly to
 law en=cem5t ag5cies 9 an intelligible 
=mat unobtrusively & 9 a mann] design$  
to uphold ! nondisclosure obligations "u
 section #cabc7;d77#b74  7#b7           
,calculation ( mon?ly active us]s ,=    
purposes ( p>agraph 7#a71 ! numb] (     

mon?ly active us]s ( a wire or          
electronic communication s]vice %all be 
calculat$ by tak+ ! av]age ( ! numb] (  
individual us]s or subscrib]s ( ! s]vice
 t are active p] mon? 9 any cal5d> ye>4 
7b7 ,trap & trace capability  7#a7 ,9   
g5]al ,a provid] ( wire or electronic   
communication s]vice t _h m ?an         
#a1jjj1jjj mon?ly us]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 9 ,janu>y #bjaf or any mon? !reaft]    
%all ensure t ! provid] has ! ability to
 provide ! in=mation describ$ 9         
p>agraphs 7#d7 & 7#g7 ( section #cabg   
directly to law en=cem5t ag5cies 9 an   
intelligible =mat unobtrusively & 9 a   
mann] design$ to uphold ! nondisclosure 
obligations "u section #cabc7;d77#b74   
7#b7 ,calculation ( mon?ly active us]s  
,= purposes ( p>agraph 7#a71 ! numb] (  
mon?ly active us]s ( a wire or          
electronic communication s]vice %all be 
calculat$ by tak+ ! av]age ( ! numb] (  
individual us]s or subscrib]s ( ! s]vice
 t are active p] mon? 9 any cal5d> ye>4 
7c7 ,comp5sation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject

 to p>agraph 7#b71 a provid] ( wire or  
electronic communication s]vice t       
provides ! in=mation describ$ 9 p>agraph
 7#c71 7#d71 or 7#g7 ( section #cabg    
directly to a law en=cem5t ag5cy %all be
 comp5sat$ = reasonable exp5ses directly
 incurr$ 9 provid+ ! in=mation4  7#b7   
,limitation ,reasonable exp5ses "u      
p>agraph 7#a7 may n exce$ #aej4  4  7b7 
,te*nical & con=m+ am5dm5t ,! table (   
sections = *apt] #bjf ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #cabh4 ,capability    
requirem5ts4  4  #djb4 ,def9+ te*nical  
assi/ance ,section #cabg ( title #ah1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9  
p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ & at ! end2     
7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#f71 by /rik+ ! p]iod  
at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#c7 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  7#g7 ! t]m te*nical 
assi/ance includes-- 7,a7 isolat+ all   
dial+1 r\t+1 address+1 & signal+        
in=mation au?oriz$ to be acquir$2  7,b7 
decrypt+1 decod+1 or o!rwise provid+ 9  
an intelligible =mat ! dial+1 r\t+1     

address+1 & signal+ in=mation au?oriz$  
to be acquir$1 unless ! indep5d5t       
actions ( an unaffiliat$ entity make x  
te*nically impossible to d s2 &  7,c7   
deliv]+ all dial+1 r\t+1 address+1 &    
signal+ in=mation au?oriz$ to be acquir$
 securely1 reliably1 & concurr5tly ) its
 transmission4  4  ,v ,,fisa am5dm5ts   
#eja4 ,electronic surveillance )9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates = =eign intellig5ce       
purposes ,title ,i ( ! ,=eign           
,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahja et seq47 is am5d$--
 7#a7 9 section #aja 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4     
#ahja71 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7q7 
,te*nical assi/ance includes-- 7#a7     
isolat+ all communications or in=mation 
au?oriz$ to be acquir$2  7#b7 decrypt+1 
decod+1 or o!rwise provid+ 9 an         
intelligible =mat ! communications or   
in=mation au?oriz$ to be acquir$1 unless
 ! indep5d5t actions ( an unaffiliat$   
entity make x te*nically impossible to d
 s2 &  7#c7 deliv]+ all communications  
or in=mation au?oriz$ to be acquir$     

securely1 reliably1 & concurr5tly ) _!  
transmission4  2 &  7#b7 9 section      
#aje7;c77#b77;,b71 by /rik+ produce a   
m9imum ( int]f]5ce ) ! s]vices t su*    
c>ri]1 l&lord1 cu/odian1 or o!r p]son is
 provid+ t t>get ( electronic           
surveillance & ins]t+ 9 a mann] design$ 
to m9imize ! possibility ( al]t+ ! t>get
 ^: communications are to be int]cept$4 
#ejb4 ,physical se>*es )9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates = =eign intellig5ce purposes     
,title ,,iii ( ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce    
,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej         
,u4,s4,c4 #ahba et seq47 is am5d$-- 7#a7
 9 section #cja 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahba71  
by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#f7        
,assi/ance includes-- 7,a7 isolat+ all  
in=mation1 mat]ial1 or prop]ty to be    
seiz$1 reproduc$1 or alt]$2  7,b7       
decrypt+1 decod+1 or o!rwise provid+ 9  
an intelligible =mat ! in=mation1       
mat]ial1 or prop]ty to be seiz$1        
reproduc$1 or alt]$1 unless ! indep5d5t 
actions ( an unaffiliat$ entity make x  
te*nically impossible to d s2 &  7,c7   

provid+ te*nical support z necess>y to  
ensure effective execution ( an ord] "u 
?is title4  2 &  7#b7 9 section         
#cjd7;c77#b77;,b7 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4        
#ahbd7;c77#b77;,b771 by /rik+ produce a 
m9imum ( int]f]5ce ) ! s]vices t su*    
l&lord1 cu/odian1 or o!r p]son is       
provid+ ! t>get ( ! physical se>* &     
ins]t+ 9 a mann] design$ to m9imize !   
possibility ( al]t+ ! t>get ( ! physical
 se>*4  #ejc4 ,p5 regi/]2 trap & trace  
,section #dja ( ! ,=eign ,intellig5ce   
,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 7#ej         
,u4,s4,c4 #ahda7 is am5d$ by add+ at !  
end ! foll[+3  7#e7 ,! t]m te*nical     
assi/ance includes-- 7,a7 isolat+ all   
dial+1 r\t+1 address+1 & signal+        
in=mation au?oriz$ to be acquir$2  7,b7 
decrypt+1 decod+1 or o!rwise provid+ 9  
an intelligible =mat ! dial+1 r\t+1     
address+1 & signal+ in=mation au?oriz$  
to be acquir$1 unless ! indep5d5t       
actions ( an unaffiliat$ entity make x  
te*nically impossible to d s2 &  7,c7   
deliv]+ all dial+1 r\t+1 address+1 &    

signal+ in=mation au?oriz$ to be acquir$
 securely1 reliably1 & concurr5tly ) its
 transmission4  4  #ejd4 ,bus9ess       
records ,section #eja7k7 ( ! ,=eign     
,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfa7k77 is am5d$ by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#e7 ,te*nical 
assi/ance ,! t]m te*nical assi/ance     
includes-- 7,a7 isolat+ ! tangible ?+s  
7includ+ call detail records7 requir$ to
 be produc$2  7,b7 decrypt+1 decod+1 or 
o!rwise provid+ 9 an intelligible =mat !
 tangible ?+s requir$ to be produc$1    
unless ! indep5d5t actions ( an         
unaffiliat$ entity make x te*nically    
impossible to d s2 &  7,c7 deliv]+ all  
tangible ?+s requir$ to be produc$      
securely1 reliably1 & no lat] ?an ! date
 on :i* an ord] "u ?is title requires _!
 production4  4  #eje4 ,c]ta9           
acquisitions inside ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
t>get+ ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons outside !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,section #gjc ( ! ,=eign  
,intellig5ce ,surveillance ,act ( #aigh 
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ahha;b7 is am5d$ by add+

 at ! end ! foll[+3  7h7 ,assi/ance     
def9$ ,= purposes ( ?is section1 ! t]m  
assi/ance includes-- 7#a7 isolat+ all   
communications or in=mation au?oriz$ to 
be acquir$2  7#b7 decrypt+1 decod+1 or  
o!rwise provid+ 9 an intelligible =mat !
 communications or in=mation au?oriz$ to
 be acquir$1 unless ! indep5d5t actions 
( an unaffiliat$ entity make x          
te*nically impossible to d s2  7#c7     
deliv]+ ! communications or in=mation   
au?oriz$ to be acquir$ securely1        
reliably1 & concurr5tly ) _!            
transmission2 &  7#d7 provid+ te*nical  
support z necess>y to ensure effective  
execution ( an ord] "u ?is section4  4  
,,vi ,prize competition  #fja4 ,f9d+s   
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! rapidly
 gr[+ use ( w>rant-pro( encryption 9    
ev]yday devices1 plat=ms1 & sy/ems all[s
 illegal actors engag$ 9 dang]\s crim9al
 activity--includ+ *ild sexual abuse1   
t]rorism1 & int]national n>cotics       
traffick+--to use encryption to %ield _!
 illicit activities f au?orities4  7#b7 

,because ( w>rant-pro( encryption1 !    
gov]nm5t (t5 _c obta9 ! electronic      
evid5ce & intellig5ce necess>y to       
inve/igate & prosecute ?reats to public 
safety & national security1 ev5 ) a     
w>rant or c\rt ord]4 ,?is provides a    
lawless space t crim9als1 t]rori/s1 &   
o!r bad actors c exploit = _! nef>i\s   
ends4  7#c7 ,_m s]vice provid]s1 device 
manufactur]s1 & application develop]s :o
 use encryption fail to implem5t        
te*nology t w\ld all[ ! gov]nm5t to     
obta9 electronic evid5ce necess>y to    
inve/igate & prosecute ?reats to public 
safety & national security4  7#d7 ,!    
,f\r? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates /rikes a balance betwe5 ! 
individual citiz5's reasonable          
expectation ( privacy on "o h&1 & on !  
o!r1 ! legitimate ne$ = ! gov]nm5t to   
ga9 access to ! mo/ intimate spaces 9   
citiz5s' lives 9 ord] to protect !      
public f crim9al actors4  7#e7 ,!       
,fram]s ( ! ,con/itution provid$        
specific b>ri]s to gov]nm5t intrusion   

into ! individual's private1 intimate   
space--namely1 t ! gov]nm5t mu/ %[ by   
probable cause t evid5ce ( a crime exi/s
 9 t intimate space1 & mu/ h a neutral  
magi/rate1 deta*$ f ! law en=cem5t      
int]e/1 approve law en=cem5t's reque/ & 
issue a w>rant4  7#f7 ,once ! gov]nm5t  
satisfies ! burd5 ( %[+ probable cause  
to a neutral magi/rate1 ! gov]nm5t is   
entitl$ to se>* & seize evid5ce ( a     
crime 9 an individual's private space4  
7#g7 ,t c>eful balanc+ ( int]e/s        
e/abli%$ by ! ,fram]s has cont9u$ to be 
calibrat$ ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates z diff]5t *all5ges h aris51      
includ+1 mo/ notably1 te*nological      
advances 9 daily life4 ,= example1      
,congress has impos$ additional /atutory
 requirem5ts t ! gov]nm5t mu/ meet & t a
 judge mu/ f9d satisfi$ be=e a c\rt c   
au?orize int]ception ( communications4  
,b ! individual's "r to privacy has nev]
 be5 absolute4  7#h7 ,if n address$1    
crim9al anonymity actuat$ by end-to-end 
encryption te*nology w cont9ue to pose a

 s]i\s risk to ! public4  7#i7          
,nev]!less1 advances 9 te*nology cont9ue
 )\t due consid]ation ( issues ( lawful 
access4  7#aj7 ,moreov]1 v little1 if   
any1 res\rces f ! private sector or f   
educational & rese>* in/itutions are    
devot$ to f9d+ te*nological solutions to
 provid+ lawful access )9 diff]5t       
encrypt$ te*nological plat=ms4  7#aa7 ,m
 res\rces %\ld be devot$ to inc5tiviz+ !
 be/ m9ds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to rese>* ! 
issues describ$ 9 ?is section & decide  
h[ to be/ provide ! mo/ secure products 
& s]vices to cu/om]s :ile also provid+  
law en=cem5t access to in=mation !      
gov]nm5t ne$s to inve/igate crim9als    
seek+ to d ! public h>m & to protect    
national security4  #fjb4 ,def9itions ,9
 ?is title3 7#a7 ,applicant ,! t]m      
applicant means an individual1 gr\p (   
individuals1 organization1 nonpr(it1 or 
univ]sity t applies to p>ticipate 9 !   
prize competition "u ?is title4  7#b7   
,appropriate congressional committees ,!
 t]m appropriate congressional          

committees means ! ,committee on !      
,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 
7#c7 ,attorney ,g5]al ,except z o!rwise 
provid$1 ! t]m ,attorney ,g5]al means ! 
,attorney ,g5]al1 act+ ?r\gh ! ,director
 ( ! ,national ,in/itute ( ,ju/ice4     
7#d7 ,prize ,! t]m prize means a ca%    
prize4  7#e7 ,prize competition ,! t]m  
prize competition means ! prize         
competition e/abli%$ "u section #fjc4   
#fjc4 ,prize competition  7a7           
,e/abli%m5t ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] !
 date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,attorney
 ,g5]al %all1 subject to ! availability 
( funds appropriat$ "u ?is title1       
e/abli% 9 accordance ) section #bd ( !  
,/ev5son-,wydl] ,te*nology ,innovation  
,act ( #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai7 a    
prize competition-- 7#a7 to inc5tivize &
 enc\rage rese>* & innovation into      
solutions provid+ law en=cem5t access to
 encrypt$ data pursuant to legal        
process2 &  7#b7 to aw>d "o or m prizes1
 n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( !

 prize competition1 = te*nological      
solutions t provide law en=cem5t access 
to encrypt$ data pursuant to legal      
process4  7b7 ,requirem5ts ,te*nological
 solutions describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#b7
 %all include-- 7#a7 provid+ maximum    
security = ! device1 plat=m1 or sy/em1  
consi/5t ) ! lawful access solution1 to 
r$uce ! opportunity = unlawful hack+2 & 
7#b7 r$uc+ or elim9at+ broad            
surveillance capabilities n t>get$ at   
specifi$ facilities or individuals      
pursuant to a w>rant or ord] )9 ! lawful
 access solution4  7c7 ,eligibility     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,to be eligible to w9 a   
prize "u ! prize competition1 an        
applicant-- 7,a7 %all h compli$ )-- 7i7 
! requirem5ts ( ! competition z describ$
 9 ! ann\ncem5t = ! competition2 &  7ii7
 subsections 7g71 7h71 & 7i7 ( section  
#bd ( ! ,/ev5son-,wydl] ,te*nology      
,innovation ,act ( #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 
#cgai7 7relat+ to eligibility72  7,b7 9 
! case ( a private entity1 %all be      
incorporat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ma9ta9 a

 prim>y place ( bus9ess 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates2 &  7,c7 9 ! case ( an           
individual1 :e!r p>ticipat+ s+ly or 9 a 
gr\p1 %all be a citiz5 (1 or an ali5    
lawfully admitt$ = p]man5t resid5ce 91 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,exclusions ,!    
foll[+ entities & individuals %all n be 
eligible to w9 a prize "u ! prize       
competition3 7,a7 ,a ,f$]al entity4     
7,b7 ,a ,f$]al employee act+ )9 ! scope 
( employm5t4  7d7 ,prioritization ,9    
select+ ! w9n] or w9n]s ( ! prize       
competition1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all    
give priority to projects t-- 7#a7      
incorporate a robu/ pro( ( concept model
 demon/rat+ ! feasibility ( ! propos$   
te*nology a*iev+ ! int5d$ goals ( !     
competition z describ$ 9 p>agraph 7a72 &
  7#b7 include a /rategy1 submitt$ ) !  
application or proposal1 to move ! new  
te*nology1 h>dw>e1 or o!r processes to  
m>ket-scale deploym5t4  #fjd4           
,implem5tation  7a7 ,duties ,9 implem5t+
 ! prize competition1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al
 %all-- 7#a7 adv]tise ! prize           

competition2  7#b7 solicit p>ticipants2 
7#c7 use am\nts made available "u       
section #fjg7;a7-- 7,a7 to adm9i/] !    
prize competition2 &  7,b7 to aw>d "o or
 m prizes2  7#d7 develop crit]ia = !    
selection ( w9n]s2  7#e7 select judges  
"u section #fje bas$ on crit]ia develop$
 by ! ,attorney ,g5]al2  7#f7 ann\nce1 &
 aw>d a prize to1 "o or m w9n]s2  7#g7  
protect aga9/ unau?oriz$ use or         
disclosure ( any trade secret or        
confid5tial bus9ess in=mation ( a       
p>ticipant2 &  7#h7 promulgate any rules
 & regulations necess>y to c>ry out ?is 
title1 includ+ rules & regulations =    
submitt+ & review+ applications4  7b7   
,aw>d  7#a7 ,recomm5dation by judges    
,aft] conduct+ a ?or\gh review ( ea* ( !
 applicant submissions = ! prize        
competition1 ! judges appo9t$ "u section
 #fje %all-- 7,a7 submit 9 writ+ to !   
,attorney ,g5]al a recomm5dation = an   
aw>d to "o or m w9n]s ( ! prize         
competition2 or  7,b7 if ! judges       
det]m9e t none ( ! applicant submissions

 m]it an aw>d1 submit 9 writ+ to !      
,attorney ,g5]al a recomm5dation t no   
applicant be aw>d$ a prize1 includ+ a   
detail$ explanation /at+ ! reasons :y no
 applicant m]its an aw>d4  7#b7         
,selection by ,attorney ,g5]al  7,a7 ,9 
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date on 
:i* ! ,attorney ,g5]al e/abli%es ! prize
 competition1 & aft] review+ !          
recomm5dation submitt$ "u p>agraph 7#a71
 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all select "o or m 
w9n]s ( ! prize competition & aw>d a    
prize to ea* w9n]4  7,b7 ,recomm5dation 
( no prize ,if ! judges recomm5d "u     
p>agraph 7#a77;,b7 t no applicant be    
aw>d$ a prize1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al may-- 
7i7 select "o or m aw>d w9n]s1 not)/&+ !
 recomm5dation ( ! judges1 & aw>d a     
prize to ea* w9n]2 or  7ii7 aw>d no     
prize to any applicant4  7,c7           
,notification ( no prize ,if ! ,attorney
 ,g5]al det]m9es n to aw>d a prize to   
any applicant "u subp>agraph 7,b77ii71 !
 ,attorney ,g5]al %all notify !         
appropriate congressional committees n  

lat] ?an #ij days aft] t det]m9ation4   
7c7 ,assi/ance f o!r p>ties  7#a7       
,adm9i/ration by ?ird-p>ty organization 
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may   
ent] into an agreem5t1 includ+ a grant1 
contract1 or coop]ative agreem5t1 ) a   
non-pr(it or =-pr(it ?ird-p>ty          
organization1 "u :i* ! ?ird-p>ty        
organization adm9i/]s ! prize           
competition4  7,b7 ,consultation2       
division ( au?ority ,if ! ,attorney     
,g5]al ent]s into a contract ) a        
?ird-p>ty organization "u subp>agraph   
7,a71 ! ?ird-p>ty organization %all     
consult ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al on1 & !    
,attorney ,g5]al %all h ! au?ority to   
make ! f9al decision ) respect to-- 7i7 
! developm5t ( crit]ia = ! selection (  
prize competition w9n]s "u subsection   
7a77#d72 &  7ii7 ! selection ( judges "u
 section #fje4  7#b7 ,non-,f$]al funds  
,! ,attorney ,g5]al may solicit &       
receive non-,f$]al funds to adm9i/] !   
prize competition & aw>d a prize4  #fje4
 ,judges  7a7 ,appo9tm5t ,! ,attorney   

,g5]al %all appo9t n few] ?an #c judges 
:o %all1 except z provid$ 9 section     
#fjd7;b77#a77;,b71 recomm5d "o or m     
w9n]s ( ! prize competition4  7b7       
,qualifications ,ea* judge appo9t$ "u   
subsection 7a7 %all-- 7#a7 h subject    
matt] exp]tise 9 cryptology &           
encryption-relat$ te*nology1 includ+    
relevant devices1 plat=ms1 & sy/ems2    
7#b7 h an und]/&+ (-- 7,a7 protections  
af=d$ to ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s by !     
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/    
unreasonable se>*es & seizures by !     
gov]nm5t2 &  7,b7 ! legal au?orities t  
p]mit ! gov]nm5t to se>* & seize !      
p]sonal effects ( ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s1
 p>ticul>ly ) respect to-- 7i7 ! se>* & 
seizure ( individuals' data f           
te*nological devices1 plat=ms1 or       
sy/ems2 &  7ii7 ! int]ception (         
communications ov] te*nological devices1
 plat=ms1 or sy/ems2 &  7#c7 h exp]i5ce 
) law en=cem5t capabilities = lawful    
access to data & limitations on lawful  
access to data across v>i\s te*nological

 devices1 plat=ms1 & sy/ems t use       
encrypt$ te*nology4  #fjf4 ,report to   
,congress ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] !   
date on :i* ! ,attorney ,g5]al aw>ds "o 
or m prizes "u section #fjd7;b77#b71 !  
,attorney ,g5]al %all submit to !       
appropriate congressional committees a  
report on ! prize competition t         
includes-- 7#a7 a /atem5t by ! ,attorney
 ,g5]al t describes ! activities c>ri$  
out by ! ,attorney ,g5]al ) respect to !
 duties describ$ 9 section #fjd7;a72    
7#b7 if ! ,attorney ,g5]al has ent]$    
into an agreem5t ) a ?ird-p>ty          
organization "u section #fjd7;c77#a71 a 
/atem5t by ! ,attorney ,g5]al t         
describes ! activities c>ri$ out by !   
?ird-p>ty organization ) respect to !   
duties describ$ 9 section #fjd7;c72 &   
7#c7 a /atem5t by ! ,attorney ,g5]al    
expla9+ ! basis on :i* ea* w9n] ( !     
prize competition 0 select$4  #fjg4     
,au?orization ( appropriations  7a7     
,au?orization  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re are   
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ su* sums z   

may be necess>y1 n to exce$ #ej1jjj1jjj1
 to c>ry out ?is title4  7#b7           
,m9imization ( adm9i/rative exp5ses ,!  
,attorney ,g5]al %all make all          
reasonable ef=ts to control !           
adm9i/rative exp5ses ( ! prize          
competition s t ! majority ( ! am\nts   
made available "u p>agraph 7#a7 are us$ 
= ! prize or prizes aw>d$ to ! w9n] or  
w9n]s ( ! prize competition "u section  
#fjc4  7b7 ,approval ( c]ta9 aw>ds ,!   
value ( a prize aw>d$ to a w9n] ( !     
prize competition "u section #fjc may n 
exce$ #a1jjj1jjj )\t ! approval ( !     
,attorney ,g5]al or ! ,director ( !     
,national ,in/itute ( ,ju/ice4  7c7     
,reimbursem5t ( exp5ses ,a judge appo9t$
 "u section #fje %all s]ve )\t pay1 b   
may be reimburs$ = actual & necess>y    
travel+ & subsi/5ce exp5ses4  #fjh4     
,t]m9ation ( au?ority ,! prize          
competition & all au?ority provid$ "u   
?is title %all t]m9ate on ,decemb] #ca1 
#bjbb4  ,,vii ,lawful access tra9+      
#gja4 ,lawful access tra9+ program  7a7 

,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7        
,coop]ative agreem5t ,! t]m coop]ative  
agreem5t means a legal in/rum5t (       
f9ancial assi/ance betwe5 a ,f$]al aw>d+
 ag5cy or pass-?r\gh entity & a         
non-,f$]al entity1 consi/5t ) sections  
#fcjb & #fcje ( title #ca1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code4  7#b7 ,provid] ,! t]m provid]   
means-- 7,a7 a device manufactur]1 an   
op]at+ sy/em provid]1 & a provid] (     
remote comput+ s]vice1 z ^? t]ms are    
def9$ 9 section #caai ( title #ah1      
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z add$ by title ,i 
( ?is ,act2 &  7,b7 a provid] (         
electronic communication s]vice1 z def9$
 9 section #beaj ( title #ah1 ,unit$    
,/ates ,code4  7#c7 ,tra9+ ,program ,!  
t]m ,tra9+ ,program means ! lawful      
access tra9+ & assi/ance program        
e/abli%$ "u subsection 7b74  7b7        
,e/abli%m5t ,! ,attorney ,g5]al %all    
e/abli% a lawful access tra9+ & real-"t 
assi/ance program t draws ^u ! res\rces 
( ! ,national ,dome/ic ,communications  
,c5t] 7commonly kn[n z ! ,,ndcac7 & o!r 

relevant compon5ts ( ! ,dep>tm5t (      
,ju/ice z appropriate4  7c7 ,activities 
7#a7 ,tra9+  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! prim>y    
purpose ( ! ,tra9+ ,program %all be to  
provide tra9+ & assi/ance = law en=cem5t
 p]sonnel1 ) a p>ticul> emphasis on     
,/ate & local p]sonnel1 on relevant     
te*nology & communications plat=ms1     
includ+ h[ to submit appropriately      
tailor$ applications = digital evid5ce1 
consi/5t ) exi/+ legal requirem5ts &    
protections = privacy & civil lib]ties4 
7,b7 ,consultation ,! ,attorney ,g5]al  
may consult ) provid]s reg>d+ ! tra9+ & 
assi/ance "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7,c7    
,cont5ts ,tra9+ & assi/ance "u ! ,tra9+ 
,program %all include-- 7i7 design+ &   
provid+ tra9+ to di/ribute k & exp]tise1
 includ+-- 7,i7 consult+ ) ! mo/        
qualifi$ exp]ts 9 law en=cem5t & !      
te*nology indu/ry to assi/ 9 !          
developm5t ( all ,tra9+ ,program        
mat]ials2  7,,ii7 id5tify+ curr5t       
effective law en=cem5t tra9+ programs & 
tools2  7,,iii7 id5tify+ gaps 9 curr5t  

law en=cem5t tra9+ programs & tools2    
7,,iv7 produc+ & ma9ta9+ tra9+ mat]ials 
& curricula t w be us$ 9 classroom tra9+
 sessions z well z = di/ribution to law 
en=cem5t ag5cies = ref]5ce2  7,v7 9     
coord9ation ) provid]s1 deliv]+         
in=mation & guidance on access+ digital 
evid5ce f specific provid]s to improve  
outcomes ) reg>d to p>ticul> te*nology  
devices1 plat=ms1 or sy/ems2 &  7,,vi7  
e/abli%+ & promot+ ! use ( a consi/5t   
set ( cle> /&>ds = secur+ & m9imiz+ data
 collect$ by law en=cem5t2  7ii7 s]v+ z 
a c5traliz$ repository ( k & exp]tise   
ab\t provid] sy/ems & proc$ures =       
submitt+ reque/s = data2  7iii7         
coord9at+ ) ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 &            
int]national tra9+ programs1 z well z   
any private-sector & nonpr(it           
initiatives2  7iv7 build+ & ma9ta9+     
analytic & =5sic tools to assi/ law     
en=cem5t ag5cies 9 int]pret+ data t has 
be5 obta9$ f s]vice provid]s & devices2 
7v7 hir+ & employ+ te*nical speciali/s t
 c help develop & ma9ta9 analytic &     

=5sic tools2  7vi7 conduct+ relevant    
rese>* & analysis to id5tify ! greate/  
*all5ges ) respect to ! ability ( law   
en=cem5t ag5cies to access & analyze    
digital evid5ce2 &  7vii7 provid+ a call
 c5t] = law en=cem5t (ficials to seek   
advice & assi/ance reg>d+ access+ &     
analyz+ digital evid5ce4  7#b7 ,o!r     
functions ,9 c>ry+ out ! ,tra9+         
,program1 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all       
develop & coord9ate additional functions
 to improve lawful access to digital    
evid5ce1 includ+ ! foll[+3 7,a7         
,id5tify+ & provid+ res\rces ,!         
,attorney ,g5]al %all-- 7i7 "w ) !      
,(fice ( ,ju/ice ,programs to id5tify   
grants & o!r grant-mak+ bodies to       
support law en=cem5t access to digital  
evid5ce2 &  7ii7 include programs 9 !   
tra9+ activities t in=m law en=cem5t    
ag5cies ( ! grants describ$ 9 clause 7i7
 & o!r res\rces t support-- 7,i7 tra9+  
programs2  7,,ii7 developm5t &          
di/ribution ( analytical tools2 &       
7,,iii7 ma9t5ance ( crime labs4  7,b7   

,developm5t ( au!ntication sy/em ,!     
,attorney ,g5]al %all "w ) provid]s &   
law en=cem5t ag5cies f ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & 
local sy/ems to id5tify options =1 &    
develop1 a sy/em = v]ify+ t an          
individual reque/+ data f a provid] is a
 law en=cem5t (ficial entitl$ to su*    
access pursuant to lawful au?ority4     
7,c7 ,coord9at+ int]national ef=ts ,!   
,attorney ,g5]al %all coord9ate )       
int]national p>tn]s to-- 7i7 help set   
basel9e /&>ds & practices to lawfully   
access digital evid5ce2  7ii7 promote   
/&>ds to ensure ! protection ( privacy &
 civil lib]ties1 & to ! ext5t practical 
& helpful1 h>monize ef=ts across bord]s4
  7,d7 ,develop+ ma/] database ,!       
,attorney ,g5]al %all-- 7i7 develop a   
ma/] database to track inve/igations 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* a law en=cem5t     
ag5cy secur$ ! legal au?ority to access 
digital data b o!rwise _c ga9 access to 
t data 9 an intelligible =mat due to    
encryption2 &  7ii7 ?r\gh ! tra9+       
activities describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71    

enc\rage ! robu/ p>ticipation f ,/ate & 
local au?orities t is necess>y to       
populate ! database describ$ 9 clause   
7i7 ( ?is subp>agraph4  7,e7 ,o!r       
activities ,! ,attorney ,g5]al1 9 c>ry+ 
out ! ,tra9+ ,program1 %all provide any 
additional activities & s]vices det]m9$ 
appropriate by ! ,attorney ,g5]al4  7d7 
,fund+  7#a7 ,au?orization (            
appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be   
appropriat$ to ! ,attorney ,g5]al to    
c>ry out ?is section #ej1jjj1jjj =      
fiscal ye> #bjbj1 :i* %all rema9        
available until exp5d$4  7#b7           
,limitation ,n m ?an #e p]c5t ( ! am\nt 
appropriat$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 may be us$ 
to c>ry out activities "u subsection    
7e77#b74  7e7 ,coop]ative agreem5t  7#a7
 ,assi/ance ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may ent]
 into a coop]ative agreem5t ) provid]s  
or o!r p]sons to-- 7,a7 provide regul>  
tra9+ to law en=cem5t ag5cies ?r\gh !   
,tra9+ ,program on in=mation t is       
pot5tially available f devices1 op]at+  
sy/ems1 remote comput+ s]vices1 or      

electronic communication s]vices1 & on  
provid] policies1 9 ord] to facilitate  
tailor$ & specific applications f law   
en=cem5t ag5cies2  7,b7 ma9ta9          
up-to-date & compreh5sive guidance = law
 en=cem5t ag5cies reg>d+ access+        
in=mation f provid]s2  7,c7 develop or  
ma9ta9 onl9e me*anisms to-- 7i7 receive 
law en=cem5t reque/s = data2 &  7ii7    
provide dat$1 electronic confirmation ( 
receipt ( a reque/ describ$ 9 clause    
7i72 &  7,d7 assi/ ) o!r tasks z det]m9$
 necess>y by ! ,,ndcac4  7#b7 ,donations
  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,,ndcac may solicit &
 accept donations = ! ,tra9+ ,program f 
provid]s or o!r p]sons to be us$ to c>ry
 out ?is section4  7,b7 ,private fund+  
requirem5t ,! ,,ndcac may n c>ry out !  
,tra9+ ,program dur+ a fiscal ye>1      
includ+ fiscal ye> #bjbj1 unless & until
 ! ,,ndcac has receiv$ fund+ = t fiscal 
ye> "u subp>agraph 7,a7 9 an am\nt equal
 to ! am\nt au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ =
 fiscal ye> #bjbj "u subsection 7d77#a74
  7f7 ,report  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an

 #a ye> aft] ! effective date 9 section 
#hja ( ?is ,act1 & once !reaft] n lat]  
?an #b ye>s aft] t effective date1 !    
,,ndcac %all submit to ! ,committee on !
 ,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on 
! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives 
a report on ! ,tra9+ ,program4  7#b7    
,cont5ts ,! report submitt$ "u p>agraph 
7#a7 %all include-- 7,a7 ongo+ ef=ts to 
id5tify & respond to gaps 9 tra9+ &     
di/ribution ( te*nical tools2  7,b7 !   
/ate ( coop]ation ) provid]s2  7,c7     
novel uses ( legal au?orities2  7,d7 any
 new policies & be/ practices be+       
s]i\sly consid]$ or adopt$2 &  7,e7     
fund+ contribut$ by private individuals1
 organizations1 & entities4  ,,viii     
,effective date  #hja4 ,effective date  
,titles ,i ?r\gh ,v ( ?is ,act1 & !     
am5dm5ts made by ^? titles1 %all take   
effect #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t (  
?is ,act4