,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #chej  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #a1 #bjbj,ms4    
,w>r5 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,h>ris1 ,mr4      
,book]1 ,mr4 ,m>key1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,mr4 
,durb91 ,mr4 ,van ,holl51 ,ms4 ,baldw91 
,mr4 ,c>p]1 ,mr4 ,ka9e1 ,mr4 ,c>d91 ,ms4
 ,klobu*>1 ,mr4 ,s&]s1 ,mr4 ,:iteh\se1  
,mr4 ,blum5?al1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ,mr4 ,w>n]1 
,ms4 ,/ab5[1 ,mr4 ,pet]s1 & ,mr4 ,wyd57 
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on       
,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions  
,a ,,bill  ,to require ! ,c5t]s =       
,disease ,control & ,prev5tion to       
collect & report c]ta9 data conc]n+     
,,covid-#ai4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act 
may be cit$ z ! ,equitable ,data        
,collection & ,disclosure on ,,covid-#ai
 ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes !    
foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7 ,! ,_w ,heal?        
,organization 7,,:o7 decl>$ ,,covid-#ai 
a ,public ,heal? ,em]g5cy (             
,int]national ,conc]n on ,janu>y #cj1   
#bjbj4 ,by late ,m>* #bjbj1 !re h be5   

ov] #dgj1jjj confirm$ cases (1 & #bj1jjj
 dea?s associat$ )1 ,,covid-#ai         
worldwide4  7#b7 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1    
cases ( ,,covid-#ai h quickly surpass$  
^? across ! _w1 & z ( ,april #ab1 #bjbj1
 ov] #ejj1jjj cases & #bj1jjj dea?s h   
be5 report$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone4    
7#c7 ,e>ly report+ on racial inequities 
9 ,,covid-#ai te/+ & treatm5t has r5ew$ 
calls = ! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control &  
,prev5tion & o!r relevant subag5cies )9 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices  
to publicly release racial & demographic
 in=mation to bett] in=m ! p&emic       
response1 specifically 9 communities (  
color & 9 ,limit$ ,engli% ,pr(ici5t     
7,,lep7 communities4  7#d7 ,! burd5 (   
morbidity & mortality 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
has hi/orically fall5 disproportionately
 on m>g9aliz$ communities 7^? :o suff] !
 mo/ f great public heal? ne$s & are !  
mo/ m$ically und]s]v$74  7#e7           
,hi/orically1 /ructures & sy/ems su* z  
racism1 ableism & class oppression1 h   
r5d]$ affect$ individuals m vuln]able to

 inequities & h prev5t$ p f a*iev+      
optimal heal? ev5 :5 !re is n a crisis (
 p&emic proportions4  7#f7 ,significant 
diff]5ces 9 access to heal? c>e1        
specifically to prim>y heal? c>e        
provid]s1 heal? c>e in=mation1 & great] 
p]ceiv$ discrim9ation 9 heal? c>e place 
communities ( color1 individuals )      
disabilities1 & ,,lep individuals at    
great] risk ( receiv+ delay$1 & p]haps  
poor]1 heal? c>e4  7#g7 ,/>k racial     
inequities across ! ,unit$ ,/ates1      
includ+ unequal access to /able h\s+1   
quality education1 & dec5t employm5t1   
significantly impact ! ability (        
individuals to take c>e ( _! mo/ basic  
heal? ne$s4 ,communities ( color are m  
likely to exp]i5ce homelessness &       
/ruggle ) l[-pay+ jobs or unemploym5t4  
,to date1 exp]ts h cit$ t #b 9 #e ,lat9o
 resid5ts 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ! curr5t  
epic5t] ( ! ,,covid-#ai p&emic1 are     
rec5tly unemploy$ z a direct consequ5ce 
( ,,covid-#ai4 ,& at a "t :5 %elt]+ 9   
place w save lives1 less ?an #a 9 #e    

,black work]s & r\ghly #a 9 #f ,lat9o   
work]s are able to "w f home4  7#h7     
,communities ( color exp]i5ce high]     
rates ( *ronic disease & disabilities1  
su* z diabetes1 hyp]t5sion1 & a/hma1 ?an
 non-,hispanic ,:ite communities1 :i*   
pr$isposes !m to great] risk (          
complications & mortality %\ld !y       
contract ,,covid-#ai4  7#i7 ,su*        
communities are made ev5 m vuln]able to 
! unc]ta9ty ( ! prep>ation1 response1 & 
ev5ts surr\nd+ ! p&emic public heal?    
crisis1 ,,covid-#ai4 ,= in/ance1 9 !    
rec5t pa/1 multiple epidemiologic /udies
 & reviews h report$ high] rates (      
hospitalization due to ! #bjji ,h#a,n#a 
p&emic among ! poor1 individuals )      
disabilities & preexi/+ conditions1 ^?  
liv+ 9 impov]i%$ neighborhoods1 &       
individuals ( color & m>g9aliz$ e?nic   
backgr\nds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,^! f9d+s 
highlight ! urg5cy to adapt !           
,,covid-#ai response to monitor & act on
 ^! inequities via data collection &    
rese>* by race & e?nicity4  7#aj7       

,rese>* exp]ts recognize t !re are      
und]ly+ diff]5ces 9 illness & dea? :5   
ea* ( ^! factors is exam9$ ?r\gh        
socioeconomic & racial or e?nic l5ses4  
,^! socially det]m9ant factors ( heal?  
accel]ate disease & degradation4  7#aa7 
,language b>ri]s are highly correlat$ ) 
m$ication noncompliance & inconsi/5t    
engagem5t ) heal? sy/ems4 ,)\t language 
accessibility data & rese>* ar\nd       
,,covid-#ai1 ^! communities are less    
likely to receive critical te/+ &       
prev5tive heal? s]vices4 ,yet1 to date1 
! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control &          
,prev5tion does n dissem9ate ,,covid-#ai
 messag+ 9 critical languages1 includ+  
,m&>9 ,*9ese1 ,spani%1 & ,korean )9 !   
same timeframe z in=mation 9 ,engli%    
despite requirem5ts to ensure limit$    
,engli% pr(ici5t populations are n      
discrim9at$ aga9/ "u title ,,vi ( !     
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd & subsequ5t 
laws & ,f$]al policies4  7#ab7 ,fur!r1 x
 is critical to disaggregate data fur!r 
by ance/ry to address disp>ities among  

,asian ,am]ican1 ,native ,hawaiian1 &   
,pacific ,isl&] gr\ps4 ,accord+ to !    
,national ,equity ,atlas1 :ile #ac p]c5t
 ( ! ,asian population ov]all liv$ 9    
pov]ty 9 #bjae1 #ci p]c5t ( ,burmese p1 
#bi p]c5t ( ,hmong p1 & #ba p]c5t (     
,pacific ,isl&]s liv$ 9 pov]ty4  7#ac7  
,utiliz+ disaggregation ( enrollm5t 9   
,af=dable ,c>e ,act-sponsor$ heal?      
insurance1 ! ,asian & ,pacific ,isl&]   
,am]ican ,heal? ,=um f\nd t prior to !  
passage ( ! ,pati5t ,protection &       
,af=dable ,c>e ,act 7,public ,law       
#aaa-adh71 ,korean ,am]icans _h a high  
un9sur$ rate ( #bc p]c5t1 comp>$ to j   
#ab p]c5t = all ,asian ,am]icans4       
,develop+ t>get$ outrea* ef=ts assi/$   
#a1jjj1jjj p & result$ 9 a #ef-p]c5t    
decrease 9 ! un9sur$ among ! ,asian1    
,native ,hawaiian1 & ,pacific ,isl&]    
population4 ,su* ef=ts %[ t disaggregat$
 data is ess5tial to public heal?       
mobilizations ef=ts4  7#ad7 ,)\t cle>   
und]/&+ ( h[ ,,covid-#ai impacts        
m>g9aliz$ racial & e?nic communities1   

!re w be exac]bat$ risk ( endang]+ ! mo/
 hi/orically vuln]able ( our ,nation4   
7#ae7 ,! consequ5ces ( misund]/&+ !     
racial & e?nic impact ( ,,covid-#ai     
exp\nd beyond communities ( color su* t 
x w\ld impact all4  7#af7 ,race &       
e?nicity are valuable rese>* & practice 
v>iables :5 us$ & int]pret$             
appropriately4 ,heal? data collect$ on  
pati5ts by race & e?nicity w boo/ & m   
effici5tly direct critical res\rces &   
in=m risk communication developm5t 9    
languages & at appropriate heal? lit]acy
 levels1 :i* resonate ) hi/orically     
vuln]able communities ( color4  7#ag7   
,to date1 !re is no public /&>diz$ &    
compreh5sive race & e?nicity data       
repository ( ,,covid-#ai te/+1          
hospitalizations1 or mortality4 ,!      
inconsi/5cy ( data collection by ,f$]al1
 ,/ate1 & local heal? au?orities1 & !   
inability to access data by public      
rese>* in/itutions & academic           
organizations1 poses a ?reat to analysis
 & syn!sis ( ! p&emic impact on         

communities ( color4 ,h[ev]1 rese>* &   
m$ical exp]ts ( ,hi/orically ,black     
,colleges & ,univ]sities1 academic heal?
 c>e in/itutions :i* are hi/orically &  
geographically emb$d$ 9 m9oritiz$ &     
m>g9aliz$ communities1 g5]ally also     
possess rapport ) ! communities !y s]ve4
 ,!y are well-position$1 z tru/$ ?\ght  
lead]s & heal? c>e s]vice provid]s1 to  
collect data & conduct rese>* t[>d      
creat+ holi/ic solutions to rem$y !     
inequitable impact ( ?is & future public
 heal? crises4  7#ah7 ,well-design$1    
e?ically s\nd rese>* aligns ) ! goals ( 
m$ic9e1 addresses que/ions relevant to !
 population among :om ! /udy w be c>ri$ 
out1 balances ! pot5tial = b5efit aga9/ 
! pot5tial = h>m1 employs /udy designs t
 w yield sci5tifically valid &          
significant data1 & g5]ates useful k4   
7#ai7 ,! de>? ( racially & e?nically    
disaggregat$ data reflect+ ! heal? (    
communities ( color und]lies ! *all5ges 
( a fully in=m$ public heal? response4  
7#bj7 ,)\t collect+ race & e?nicity data

 associat$ ) ,,covid-#ai te/+1          
hospitalizations1 morbidities1 &        
mortalities1 z well z publicly disclos+ 
x1 communities ( color w rema9 at great]
 risk ( disease & dea?4  #c4 ,em]g5cy   
fund+ = ,f$]al data collection on !     
racial1 e?nic1 & o!r demographic        
disp>ities ( ,,covid-#ai ,to conduct or 
support data collection on ! racial1    
e?nic1 & o!r demographic implications ( 
,,covid-#ai 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its     
t]ritories1 includ+ support to assi/ 9 !
 capacity build+ = ,/ate & local public 
heal? dep>tm5ts to collect & transmit   
racial1 e?nic1 & o!r demographic data to
 ! relevant ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human 
,s]vices ag5cies1 !re is au?oriz$ to be 
appropriat$-- 7#a7 to ! ,c5t]s =        
,disease ,control & ,prev5tion1         
#ab1jjj1jjj2  7#b7 to ,/ate & t]ritorial
 public heal? ag5cies1 di/ribut$        
proportionally bas$ on ! total          
population ( _! resid5ts :o are enroll$ 
9 ,m$icaid or :o h no heal? insurance1  
#ae1jjj1jjj2  7#c7 to ! ,indian ,heal?  

,s]vice1 ,indian ,tribes & ,tribal      
organizations 7z def9$ 9 section #d ( ! 
,indian ,self-,det]m9ation & ,education 
,assi/ance ,act71 & urban ,indian       
organizations 7z def9$ 9 section #d ( ! 
,indian ,heal? ,c>e ,improvem5t ,act71  
#c1jjj1jjj2  7#d7 to ! ,c5t]s = ,m$ic>e 
,m$icaid ,s]vices1 #e1jjj1jjj2  7#e7 to 
! ,food & ,drug ,adm9i/ration1          
#e1jjj1jjj2  7#f7 to ! ,ag5cy =         
,heal?c>e ,rese>* & ,quality1           
#e1jjj1jjj2 &  7#g7 to ! ,(fice ( !     
,national ,coord9ator = ,heal?          
,in=mation ,te*nology1 #e1jjj1jjj4  #d4 
,,covid-#ai data collection & disclosure
  7a7 ,data collection ,! ,secret>y (   
,heal? & ,human ,s]vices 7ref]r$ to 9   
?is ,act z ! ,secret>y71 act+ ?r\gh !   
,director ( ! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control
 & ,prev5tion & ! ,adm9i/rator ( !      
,c5t]s = ,m$ic>e  ,m$icaid ,s]vices1    
%all make publicly available on !       
website ( ! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control &
 ,prev5tion data collect$ across all    
surveillance sy/ems relat+ to           

,,covid-#ai1 disaggregat$ by race1      
e?nicity1 sex1 age1 prim>y language1    
socioeconomic /atus1 disability /atus1 &
 c\nty1 includ+ ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,data    
relat$ to all ,,covid-#ai te/+1 includ+ 
! numb] ( individuals te/$ & ! numb] (  
te/s t 7 positive4  7#b7 ,data relat$ to
 treatm5t = ,,covid-#ai1 includ+        
hospitalizations & int5sive c>e unit    
admissions4  7#c7 ,data relat$ to       
,,covid-#ai outcomes1 includ+ total     
fatalities & case fatality rates        
7express$ z ! proportion ( individuals  
:o 7 infect$ ) ,,covid-#ai & di$ f !    
virus74  7b7 ,application ( /&>ds ,to ! 
ext5t practicable1 data collection "u   
?is section %all foll[ /&>ds develop$ by
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices 
,(fice ( ,m9ority ,heal? & be collect$1 
analyz$1 & report$ 9 accordance ) !     
/&>ds promulgat$ by ! ,assi/ant         
,secret>y = ,plann+ & ,evaluation "u    
title ,,xxxi ( ! ,public ,heal? ,s]vice 
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #cjjkk et seq474    
7c7 ,timel9e ,! data made available "u  

?is section %all be updat$ on a daily   
basis ?r\gh\t ! public heal? em]g5cy4   
7d7 ,privacy ,9 publi%+ data "u ?is     
section1 ! ,secret>y %all take all      
necess>y /eps to protect ! privacy (    
individuals ^: in=mation is includ$ 9   
su* data1 includ+-- 7#a7 comply+ )      
privacy protections provid$ "u !        
regulations promulgat$ "u section       
#bfd7;c7 ( ! ,heal? ,insurance          
,portability & ,acc\ntability ,act (    
#aiif2 &  7#b7 protections f all        
inappropriate int]nal use by an entity t
 collects1 /ores1 or receives ! data1   
includ+ use ( su* data 9 det]m9ations ( 
eligibility 7or cont9u$ eligibility7 9  
heal? plans1 & f inappropriate uses4    
7e7 ,indian ,heal? ,s]vice ,! ,indian   
,heal? ,s]vice %all consult ) ,indian   
,tribes & conf] ) urban ,indian         
organizations on data collection &      
report+ = purposes ( ?is ,act4  7f7     
,report ,n lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date
 on :i* ! ,secret>y c]tifies t ! public 
heal? em]g5cy relat$ to ,,covid-#ai has 

end$1 ! ,secret>y %all make publicly    
available a summ>y ( ! f9al /ati/ics    
relat$ to ,,covid-#ai4  7g7 ,report ,n  
lat] ?an #fj days aft] ! date on :i* !  
,secret>y c]tifies t ! public heal?     
em]g5cy relat$ to ,,covid-#ai has end$1 
! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices  
%all compile & submit to ! ,committee on
 ,heal?1 ,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions 
& ! ,committee on ,f9ance ( ! ,s5ate & !
 ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce & !    
,committee on ,ways & ,means ( ! ,h\se (
 ,repres5tatives a prelim9>y report--   
7#a7 describ+ ! te/+1 hospitalization1  
mortality rates1 & pref]r$ language (   
pati5ts associat$ ) ,,covid-#ai by race 
& e?nicity2 &  7#b7 propos+ evid5c$-bas$
 response /rategies to safegu>d ! heal? 
( ^! communities 9 future p&emics4  #e4 
,commission on ,ensur+ ,hea? ,equity    
,dur+ ! ,,covid-#ai ,public ,heal?      
,em]g5cy  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #cj  
days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 
! ,secret>y %all e/abli% a commission1  
to be kn[n z ! 8,commission on ,ensur+  

,hea? ,equity ,dur+ ! ,,covid-#ai       
,public ,heal? ,em]g5cy0 7ref]r$ to 9   
?is section z ! 8,commission07 to       
provide cle> & robu/ guidance on h[ to  
improve ! collection1 analysis1 & use ( 
demographic data 9 respond+ to future   
waves ( ! coronavirus4  7b7 ,memb]%ip & 
*airp]son  7#a7 ,memb]%ip ,! ,commission
 %all be compos$ (-- 7,a7 ! ,director ( 
! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control &          
,prev5tion2  7,b7 ! ,director ( !       
,national ,in/itutes ( ,heal?2  7,c7 !  
,commission] ( ,food & ,drugs2  7,d7 !  
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,f$]al ,em]g5cy        
,managem5t ,ag5cy2  7,e7 ! ,director ( !
 ,national ,in/itute on ,m9ority ,heal? 
& ,heal? ,disp>ities2  7,f7 ! ,director 
( ! ,indian ,heal? ,s]vice2  7,g7 !     
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,c5t]s = ,m$ic>e       
,m$icaid ,s]vices2  7,h7 ! ,director ( !
 ,ag5cy = ,heal?c>e ,rese>* & ,quality2 
7,i7 ! ,surgeon ,g5]al2  7,j7 !         
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,heal? ,res\rces &     
,s]vices ,adm9i/ration2  7,k7 !         
,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,m9ority ,heal?2 

7,l7 ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,wom5's   
,heal?2  7,m7 ! ,*airp]son ( ! ,national
 ,c\ncil on ,disability2  7,n7 at lea/  
#d ,/ate1 local1 t]ritorial1 & ,tribal  
public heal? (ficials repres5t+         
dep>tm5ts ( public heal?1 :o %all       
repres5t jurisdictions f diff]5t regions
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) relatively high    
conc5trations ( hi/orically m>g9aliz$   
populations1 to be appo9t$ by !         
,secret>y2 &  7,o7 racially & e?nically 
div]se repres5tation f at lea/ #c       
indep5d5t exp]ts ) k or field exp]i5ce )
 racial & e?nic disp>ities 9 public     
heal? appo9t$ by ! ,secret>y4  7#b7     
,*airp]son ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,national   
,academies ( ,sci5ces1 ,eng9e]+1 &      
,m$ic9e1 or designee1 %all s]ve z !     
*airp]son ( ! ,commission4  7c7 ,duties 
,! ,commission %all-- 7#a7 exam9e b>ri]s
 to collect+1 analyz+1 & us+ demographic
 data2  7#b7 det]m9e h[ to be/ use su*  
data to promote heal? equity across !   
,unit$ ,/ates & r$uce racial1 ,tribal1 &
 o!r demographic disp>ities 9           

,,covid-#ai preval5ce & outcomes2  7#c7 
ga!r available data relat$ to           
,,covid-#ai treatm5t ( individuals )    
disabilities1 includ+ d5ial ( treatm5t =
 pre-exi/+ conditions1 removal or d5ial 
( disability relat$ equipm5t 7includ+   
v5tilators & ,,cpap ma*9es71 & data on  
completion ( ,,dnr ord]s1 & id5tify     
b>ri]s to obta9+ accurate & timely data 
relat$ to ,,covid-#ai treatm5t ( su*    
individuals2  7#d7 solicit input f      
public heal? (ficials1                  
community-connect$ organizations1 heal? 
c>e provid]s1 ,/ate & local ag5cy       
(ficials1 & o!r exp]ts on b>ri]s to1 &  
be/ practices =1 collect+ demographic   
data2 &  7#e7 recomm5d policy *anges t !
 data indicates are necess>y to r$uce   
disp>ities4  7d7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #fj
 days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1
 & e #ahj days !reaft] until ! ,secret>y
 c]tifies t ! public heal? em]g5cy      
relat$ to ,,covid-#ai has end$1 !       
,commission %all submit a writt5 report 
( its f9d+s & recomm5dations to         

,congress & po/ su* report on ! website 
( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human         
,s]vices4 ,su* reports %all conta9      
in=mation conc]n+-- 7#a7 h[ to enhance  
,/ate1 local1 t]ritorial1 & ,tribal     
capacity to conduct public heal? rese>* 
on ,,covid-#ai1 ) a focus on exp&$      
capacity to analyze data on disp>ities  
correlat$ ) race1 e?nicity1 income1 sex1
 age1 disability /atus1 specific        
geographic areas1 & o!r relevant        
demographic *>act]i/ics1 & an analysis (
 :at demographic data is curr5tly be+   
collect$ ab\t ,,covid-#ai1 ! accuracy ( 
t data & any gaps1 h[ ?is data is       
curr5tly be+ us$ to in=m ef=ts to combat
 ,,covid-#ai1 & :at res\rces are ne$$ to
 supplem5t exi/+ public heal? data      
collection2  7#b7 h[ to collect1        
process1 & disclose to ! public ! data  
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 9 a way t      
ma9ta9s individual privacy :ile help+   
direct ! ,/ate & local response to !    
virus2  7#c7 h[ to improve demographic  
data collection relat$ to ,,covid-#ai 9 

! %ort- & long-t]m1 includ+ h[ to       
cont9ue to gr[ & value ! ,tribal        
sov]eignty ( data & in=mation conc]n+   
,tribal communities2  7#d7 to ! ext5t   
possible1 a prelim9>y analysis ( racial 
& o!r demographic disp>ities 9          
,,covid-#ai mortality1 includ+ an       
analysis ( comorbidities & case fatality
 rates2  7#e7 to ! ext5t possible1 a    
prelim9>y analysis ( sex1 g5d]1 sexual  
ori5tation1 & g5d] id5tity disp>ities 9 
,,covid-#ai treatm5t & mortality2  7#f7 
an analysis ( ,,covid-#ai treatm5t (    
individuals ) disabilities1 includ+     
equity ( access to treatm5t & equipm5t &
 int]sections ( disability /atus ) o!r  
demographic factors1 includ+ race1 &    
recomm5dations = h[ to improve          
transp>5cy & equity ( treatm5t = su*    
individuals dur+ ! ,,covid-#ai public   
heal? em]g5cy & future em]g5cies2  7#g7 
h[ to support ,/ate1 local1 & ,tribal   
capacity to elim9ate b>ri]s to          
,,covid-#ai te/+ & treatm5t2 &  7#h7 to 
! ext5t possible1 a prelim9>y analysis (

 ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t policies t disp>ately 
exac]bate ! ,,covid-#ai impact1 &       
recomm5dations to improve racial & o!r  
demographic disp>ities 9 heal? outcomes4
  7e7 ,au?orization ( appropriations    
,!re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ su*  
sums z may be necess>y to c>ry out ?is  
section4