,,ii #aaf? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #ccge ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,m>* #c1 #bjbj,mr4 ,s*atz 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,wyd51 ,mr4 ,jones1 ,mr4 ,blum5?al1 & ,mr4 ,m]kley7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ,a ,,bill ,to am5d ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd to provide te*nical assi/ance & tra9+ to ,/ate & local c\rts to improve ! con/itutional & equitable en=cem5t ( f9es1 fees1 & monet>y bail1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,improvem5t ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s2 purpose 7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has repeat$ly held t ! gov]nm5t may n inc>c]ate an individual solely because ( ! inability ( ! individual to pay a f9e or fee4 7#b7 ,9 #bjai1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,fif? ,circuit rul$ t x is uncon/itutional to imprison p = fail+ to pay f9es & fees )\t inquir+ into _! ability to pay4 ,! ,fif? ,circuit also rul$ t x is uncon/itutional = judges to det]m9e ability to pay :5 c\rt debts help pay c\rt budgets4 7#c7 ,"u section #cadb ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ,f$]al judicial (fic]s may n impose a f9ancial condition t results 9 ! pretrial det5tion ( an individual4 7#d7 ,9 #bjag1 a report by ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission on ,civil ,rights evaluat$ evid5ce t-- 7,a7 #dg /ates increas$ _! f9es & fees 9 rec5t ye>s1 includ+ f9es & fees impos$ on juv5iles2 7,b7 9 ,virg9ia1 #a 9 #f driv]s _h lic5se revok$ z a result ( an inability to pay c\rt f9es & fees2 7,c7 9 ,new ,j]sey1 #db p]c5t ( susp5d$ driv]s lo/ _! jobs z a result ( ! susp5sion2 7,d7 9 ! #ej cities ) ! highe/ proportion ( rev5ues f f9es1 ! m$ian size ( ! ,african-,am]ican population 9 ea* city 0 great] ?an #e times ! m$ian 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,e7 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,lat9os receiv$ high] f9e assessm5ts ?an non-,lat9o ,:ites = simil> (f5ses2 7,f7 #aj c\nties 9 ,cali=nia deta9$ approximately #gjj p p] mon? = an av]age ( #c days z a result ( a failure to pay & driv+ ) a susp5d$ lic5se2 & 7,g7 accord+ to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice on ! inve/igation ( ! ,f]guson ,police ,dep>tm5t1 rev5ue collection1 n public safety1 0 ! prim>y impetus beh9d ! collection ( f9es & fees4 7#e7 ,!re is no cle> evid5ce t f9es & fees are an effective crime det]r5t4 7#f7 ,def5dants releas$ f cu/ody ) no f9ancial p5alty return to c\rt at ! same rate z def5dants releas$ on f9ancial bond4 7#g7 ,! burd5 ( f9es & fees is disproportionately %\ld]$ by l[-income communities & communities ( color1 :i* 9 turn aggravates & p]petuates pov]ty & racial inequalities4 7#h7 ,cities ) l>g] ,black populations f9e resid5ts m on a p] capita basis & are m reliant on f9es4 ,a #a p]c5t increase 9 a ,black population is associat$ ) a #e p]c5t increase 9 p] capita rev5ue f f9es & a #a p]c5t increase 9 %>e ( total rev5ue f f9es4 7#i7 ,9 addition1 data on ! ext5t to :i* individuals are jail$ or o!rwise p5aliz$ because ( _! inability to pay fee-only (f5ses are insuffici5tly develop$1 prev5t+ a full picture ( ! p]vasiv5ess ( t>get$ fees1 z well z ! repetitive impact on individuals f bo? l[-income communities & communities ( color4 7#aj7 ,decisions reg>d+ pretrial release or det5tion adds f9ancial /ress to individuals unable to pay monet>y bail & ! jails hold+ ^? unable to pay4 7#aa7 ,individuals gave up necessities l r5t1 food1 m$ical bills1 c> paym5ts1 & *ild support1 9 ord] to pay d[n _! c\rt debt4 7#ab7 ,?irty-eight p]c5t ( p survey$ committ$ a crime to pay (f _! c\rt debt4 7#ac7 ,driv]'s lic5ses are (t5 susp5d$ automatically :5 cases are transf]r$ to private collectors & are n re/or$ until debts are paid 9 full4 7#ad7 ,?irty ,/ates cont9ue to require paym5t ( all legal f9ancial obligations be=e vot+ rights are re/or$1 effectively dis5fran*is+ individuals because ( an inability to pay4 7#ae7 ,_m jurisdictions across ! c\ntry rely on f9es & fees z a prim>y rev5ue s\rce4 7#af7 ,a #bjai analysis ( f9e rev5ues f\nd t-- 7,a7 f9es are a critical s\rce ( fund+1 at times acc\nt+ = m ?an half ( all g5]al rev5ues2 7,b7 f9es & fees acc\nt = m ?an #aj p]c5t ( g5]al fund rev5ues = ne>ly #fjj jurisdictions1 & 9 at lea/ #bhd ( ^?1 ! %>e exce$$ #bj p]c5t1 :ile ano!r #hj gov]nm5ts report$ ev5 high] f9es acc\nt+ = m ?an half ( g5]al rev5ues2 7,c7 annual rev5ues exce$+ #ajj = e adult resid5t1 :ile #cfc exce$$ #bjj p] adult 9 all ! gov]nm5ts analyz$2 7,d7 ! ,/ates ) ! highe/ f9es & fees rev5ue are ,arkansas1 ,georgia1 ,l\isiana1 ,new ,york1 ,oklahoma1 & ,texas2 & 7,e7 jurisdictions :]e f9es & =feitures acc\nt$ = m ?an #bj p]c5t ( g5]al fund rev5ues record$ a m$ian h\sehold income ( only #ci1eid4 7#ag7 ,! dep5d5cy on f9es & fees creates a h>mful inc5tive = c\rts to levy f9es & fees on indig5t individuals reg>dless ( ! sev]ity ( ! crime4 7#ah7 ,h[ev]1 "s jurisdictions sp5t m ?an ! rev5ue !y rais$ collect+ fees1 !re=e los+ money ?r\gh ?is sy/em4 7#ai7 ,9 "s jurisdictions l ,new ,orleans ! co/ ( inc>c]at+ individuals unable to pay f9es1 fees1 & monet>y bail exce$$ ! rev5ue g5]at$ f ^? practices4 7#bj7 ,"s jurisdictions 9 ,texas & ,new ,mexico sp5t #da c5ts ( e doll> ( rev5ue !y raise f fees & f9es on 9-c\rt he>+s & jail co/s alone4 7#ba7 ,9 almo/ e ,/ate & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 juv5ile c\rts impose c\rt co/s1 f9es1 & fees on y\?1 _! families1 or bo?4 ,^! co/s may increase recidivism1 increase ! pot5tial ( future jail or prison "t1 exac]bate racial inequality1 & increase ! economic & emotional di/ress ( l[-income families4 7#bb7 ,impos+ f9es & fees on m9ors & _! families is ineffective z a rev5ue-g5]at+ measure1 (t5 because m9ors 9 ! crim9al ju/ice sy/em come f indig5t families4 ,impos+ ^! f9es & fees increases recidivism & economic & emotional h>d%ip on families4 7b7 ,purpose ,! purpose ( ?is ,act is to create a grant program to provide te*nical assi/ance & tra9+ to ,/ate & local c\rts to-- 7#a7 improve ! con/itutional & equitable en=cem5t ( f9es1 fees1 & monet>y bail2 7#b7 improve practices reg>d+ ! use ( f9es & fees & _! equitable en=cem5t :5 us$2 & 7#c7 collect data to bett] und]/& ! rese>* & be/ practices ( ,/ate & local c\rts on a ,f$]al level4 #c4 ,def9itions ,section #bjb ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgja7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#g71 by /rik+ & at ! end2 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#h71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a semicolon2 & 7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#i7 con/itutionally adequate notice means a citation or summons t adequately in=ms an individual (-- 7,a7 ! precise (f5se ) :i* ! individual is *>g$2 7,b7 ! am\nt curr5tly ow$ by ! individual & o!r possible p5alties2 7,c7 consequ5ces = nonpaym5t2 7,d7 ! me?od & means = accept+ paym5ts2 7,e7 ! date ( any c\rt he>+2 7,f7 ! availability ( alt]nate means ( paym5t2 7,g7 ! rules & proc$ures ( ! c\rt2 7,h7 ! rights ( ! individual z a litigant2 & 7,i7 :e!r ! individual is requir$ to appe> 9 c\rt 9 p]son2 7#aj7 fees-- 7,a7 means monet>y fees t are impos$ = ! co/s ( f9e sur*>ges or c\rt adm9i/rative fees2 & 7,b7 includes additional late fees1 paym5t-plan fees1 int]e/ add$ if an individual is unable to pay a f9e 9 its entirety1 collection fees1 & any additional am\nts t d n include ! f9e2 7#aa7 f9es means monet>y f9es impos$ = puni%m5t2 7#ab7 monet>y bail means a paym5t ( money or pur*ase ( a surety bond to obta9 ! release f jail2 & 7#ac7 sur*>ge means a monet>y am\nt add$ to a f9e z a flat am\nt or a p]c5tage4 4 #d4 ,con/itutional en=cem5t ( f9es & fees & monet>y bail 7a7 ,duties ( ! ,in/itute ,section #bjc7;b7 ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgjb7;b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#c71 by /rik+ & at ! end2 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#d71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 & 7#c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#e7 assi/ ,/ate & local c\rts 9 ! con/itutional & equitable en=cem5t ( f9es & fees4 4 7b7 ,purposes ( grants 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #bjf7;a7 ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgje7;a77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#f71 by /rik+ & at ! end2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#g71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a semicolon2 & 7,c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#h7 provide te*nical assi/ance & tra9+ to ,/ate & local c\rts to develop & implem5t be/ policies & practices = ! con/itutional & equitable en=cem5t ( f9es & fees t incorporate guidance t-- 7,a7 c\rts %\ld n inc>c]ate or issue an arre/ w>rant = an individual = ! nonpaym5t ( a f9e or fee )\t fir/ conduct+ an ability-to-pay det]m9ation & e/abli%+ t ! failure to pay 0 int5tional2 7,b7 c\rts %\ld consid] alt]natives to inc>c]ation = def5dants :o are curr5tly unable to pay f9es & monet>y bail2 7,c7 c\rts %\ld n condition access to a judicial he>+ on ! prepaym5t ( a f9e or fee or a promise ( future paym5t ( a f9e or fee2 7,d7 c\rts %\ld provide con/itutionally adequate notices & c\nsel 9 cases 9 :i* a f9e or fee w be impos$2 7,e7 c\rts %\ld n initiate driv]'s lic5se susp5sion proc$ures = nonpaym5t ( a f9e or fee2 7,f7 if c\rts *oose to issue an arre/ w>rant or susp5d a driv]'s lic5se z a means ( co]c+ an individual to pay a f9e or fee ow$ to ! c\rt1 c\rts %\ld n d s if ! individual has n be5 af=d$ con/itutionally adequate proc$ural protections2 7,g7 c\rts %\ld det]m9e ! ability to pay ( an individual at s5t5c+ prior to det]m9+ a con/itutional & equitable f9e & fee2 7,h7 c\rts %\ld r$uce & waive f9es & fees if ! c\rt has discretion 9 cases :]e ! imposition ( f9es & fees w\ld be uncon/itutional & inequitable or cause undue h>d%ip to ! individual2 7,i7 c\rts %\ld avoid adopt+ m&atory f9es & fees = misdemeanors & traffic-relat$ & o!r l[-level (f5ses & infractions2 7,j7 c\rts %\ld grant judges ! au?ority & discretion to modify sanctions aft] s5t5c+ if ! circum/ances ( ! def5dant *ange1 includ+ t ! ability ( ! def5dant to pay a f9e or fee becomes a h>d%ip2 7,k7 c\rts %\ld adopt education requirem5ts = judges & c\rt p]sonnel on issues relat$ to all relevant con/itutional & proc$ural pr9ciples relat+ to f9es & fees2 7,l7 c\rts %\ld n impose a f9e1 fee1 or any o!r p5alty = ! p>ticipation ( an individual 9 community s]vice programs or o!r alt]native sanctions2 7,m7 if c\rts utilize community s]vice programs or alt]native s]vice sanctions1 be/ practice & /&>ds = ^? programs %\ld be us$1 includ+ fair wage attribution1 caps on numb] ( h\rs p]=m$1 & p]missible activities ( s]vice2 7,n7 c\rts %\ld n ord] or ext5d probation or o!r c\rt-ord]$ sup]vision exclusively = ! purpose ( collect+ f9es1 fees1 or co/s2 7,o7 c\rts %\ld n *>ge int]e/ on paym5t plans ent]$ into by a def5dant1 respond5t1 or probation]2 & 7,p7 c\rts %\ld consid] ! use ( community s]vice cr$its su* z complet+ community s]vice h\rs1 dome/ic viol5ce c\nsel+1 & drug treatm5t programs1 z an alt]native to paym5ts2 & 7#i7 provide te*nical assi/ance & tra9+ to ,/ate & local c\rts to develop & implem5t be/ policies & practices = ! con/itutional en=cem5t ( monet>y bail t incorporate guidance t-- 7,a7 c\rts %\ld n employ monet>y bail or bond practices t cause def5dants to rema9 inc>c]at$ solely because !y _c af=d to pay = _! release2 7,b7 c\rts %\ld n impose monet>y bail-- 7i7 z prepaym5t ( anticipat$ f9es & fees2 or 7ii7 z a me?od = collect+ pa/-due f9es & fees2 7,c7 c\rts %\ld elim9ate & prohibit ! use ( monet>y bail s*$ules2 7,d7 c\rts %\ld impose a monet>y pretrial release option if x is ! lea/ re/rictive pretrial release option available2 7,e7 c\rts %\ld only deta9 an individual if !re is cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce t ! individual poses a s]i\s imm95t risk (-- 7i7 a dang] to ! community2 or 7ii7 flight2 7,f7 c\rts %\ld safegu>d aga9/ uncon/itutional practices by c\rt /aff & private contractors2 & 7,g7 c\rts %\ld n pass ! co/s ( pretrial release & electronic monitor+ to ! def5dant1 probation]1 or p>olee1 & if ! c\rt det]m9es t electronic monitor+ is necess>y1 any associat$ co/s %\ld belong to ! jurisdiction4 4 7#b7 ,regulations ,n lat] ?an #ij days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,executive ,director ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute %all promulgate regulations to implem5t ! am5dm5ts made by p>agraph 7#a71 includ+-- 7,a7 ! in=mation t %all be includ$ 9 an application = fund+ "u section #bjf ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgje72 & 7,b7 any o!r requirem5ts applicable to grantees "u t section4 7c7 ,records & reports ,section #baa7;a7 ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgaj7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ ,! ,in/itute & ins]t+ 7#a7 ,9 g5]al4--,! ,in/itute2 & 7#b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ 7#b7 ,report on f9es1 fees1 & monet>y bail 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,in/itute %all require t a recipi5t ( a grant aw>d$ = ! purpose describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#h7 ( section #bjf7;a7 %all submit to ! ,in/itute an annual report t includes1 = ! previ\s #ab-mon? p]iod-- 7i7 ! numb] ( new admissions to jail or prison due to failures to pay f9es or fees2 7ii7 ! numb] ( new admissions to jail or prison due to failure to appe> :5 ! und]ly+ (f5se is a failure to pay a f9e or fee2 7iii7 ! numb] & type ( alt]natives consid]$ = def5dants :o are unable to pay fees & f9es2 7iv7 ! numb] ( times a judicial he>+ 0 cont+5t ^u ! prepaym5t ( f9es & fees1 includ+ he>+ fees if ! c\rt deems ! def5dant ineligible = a fee waiv]2 7v7 ! numb] ( times con/itutionally adequate notices 7 provid$ to c\nsel 9 cases 9 :i* a f9e or fee w be impos$2 7vi7 ! numb] ( times an arre/ w>rant or driv]'s lic5se susp5sion 0 us$ z a means ( co]c+ an individual to pay a f9e or fee ow$ to ! c\rt2 7vii7 ! numb] ( additional fees impos$ by ! dep>tm5t ( motor vehicles to get a driv]'s lic5se re9/at$ or susp5sion lift$2 7viii7 ! numb] ( times monet>y bail practices 7 us$ t caus$ def5dants to /ay inc>c]at$ due to _! inability to pay a f9e or fee2 7ix7 ! numb] ( times vot] dis5fran*isem5t 0 us$ z a result ( an individual's inability to pay a f9e or a fee ow$ to ! c\rt2 7x7 a disaggregation ( ! data describ$ 9 ?is subp>agraph by race1 g5d]1 & disability /atus2 & 7xi7 any o!r additional /ati/ical data t ! ,director det]m9es %\ld be collect$ & report$4 7,b7 ,report to ,congress ,! ,in/itute %all submit to ! ,bureau ( ,ju/ice ,/ati/ics & to ! ,committee on ,appropriations & ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,appropriations & ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives an annual report on ! data submitt$ "u subp>agraph 7,a74 4 7d7 ,/udy 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] ! date on :i* grants are fir/ aw>d$ = ! purpose describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#h7 ( section #bjf7;a7 ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd1 z add$ by subsection 7b7 ( ?is section1 ! ,executive ,director ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute %all conduct a /udy on ! effectiv5ess su* grants on ! con/itutional en=cem5t ( t>get$ f9es1 fees1 & monet>y bail by ,/ate & local c\rts4 7#b7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date on :i* ! ,executive ,director ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute completes ! /udy "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,executive ,director %all submit to ,congress a report on ! /udy & any policy recomm5dations t ! ,executive ,director det]m9es are appropriate4 7e7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,section #bae ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( #aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgac7 is am5d$1 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce by /rik+ #g1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjje1 #bjjf1 #bjjg1 & #bjjh & ins]t+ #bg1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjba ?r\gh #bjbf1 ( :i* #bj1jjj1jjj %all be au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ = grants "u p>agraph 7#h7 ( section #bjf7;a74