,,ii  #aafth ,,congress  #ast ,session  
,s4 #cab  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the
 ,,united ,,states  ,january #ca1       
#bjai,mr4 ,merkley 7for himself1 ,ms4   
,warren1 ,mrs4 ,gillibrand1 ,mr4        
,markey1 ,mr4 ,wyden1 ,mr4 ,sanders1    
,mr4 ,van ,hollen1 ,ms4 ,baldwin1 ,ms4  
,harris1 ,mr4 ,brown1 and ,mrs4         
,feinstein7 introduced the following    
bill2 which was read twice and referred 
to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations
  ,a ,,bill  ,to prevent a nuclear arms 
race resulting from weakened            
international restrictions on the       
proliferation of intermediate- and      
shorter-range missiles1 and for other   
purposes4  #a4 ,short title ,this ,act  
may be cited as the ,prevention of ,arms
 ,race ,act of #bjai4  #b4 ,findings    
,congress makes the following findings3 
7#a7 ,on ,october #bj1 #bjah1 ,president
 ,donald ,j4 ,trump announced his intent
 to withdraw the ,united ,states from   
the ,treaty between the ,united ,states 
of ,america and the ,union of ,soviet   

,socialist ,republics on the            
,elimination of ,their                  
,intermediate-,range and ,shorter-,range
 ,missiles1 together with the           
,memorandum of ,understanding and ,two  
,protocols 7commonly known as the ,,inf 
,treaty71 signed at ,washington         
,december #h1 #aihg1 and entered into   
force ,june #a1 #aihh4  7#b7 ,the       
,united ,states ,senate provided its    
advice and consent to ratification of   
the ,,inf ,treaty on ,may #bg1 #aihh1 by
 a vote of #ic to #e4  7#c7 ,the ,,inf  
,treaty permanently bans the ,united    
,states and twelve former ,soviet       
republics1 including ,russia1 ,belarus1 
,ukraine1 and ,kazakhstan1 from testing 
or possessing ground-launched cruise or 
ballistic missiles of intermediate range
 7#ejj to #e1ejj kilometers1 or roughly 
#cjj to #c1djj miles74  7#d7 ,the ,,inf 
,treaty1 signed by ,president ,ronald   
,reagan and ,soviet ,general ,secretary 
,mikhail ,gorbachev1 led to the         
elimination of entire classes of ,united

 ,states and ,russian nuclear and       
conventional ground-launched ballistic  
and cruise missiles--#b1fib in          
total--supported by on-site inspections 
that allowed both sides to trust but    
verify compliance with the ,treaty4     
7#e7 ,the ,north ,atlantic ,treaty      
,organization 7,,nato7 allies were      
deeply involved in the pursuit of       
negotiation on the ,,inf ,treaty and    
have significant national security      
interests in the ,treaty's preservation4
 ,the communique from the ,july #aa1    
#bjah1 ,,nato ,summit in ,brussels      
stated that the ,,inf ,treaty has been  
crucial to ,euro-,atlantic security4    
7#f7 ,less than one month prior to the  
announcement of the ,united ,states     
intent to withdraw from the ,,inf       
,treaty1 then-,secretary of ,defense    
,jim ,mattis met with his ,,nato        
counterparts to discuss the full-range  
of diplomatic1 economic1 and            
,,inf-compliant military options to     
pressure the ,russian ,federation to    

return to compliance with the ,treaty as
 outlined in the ,trump ,administration 
,,inf ,treaty ,integrated ,strategy     
published ,december #h1 #bjag4  7#g7    
,since the ,united ,states publicly     
declared in ,july #bjad that the        
,russian ,federation was in violation of
 the ,,inf ,treaty's prohibition on     
possessing1 producing1 or flight-testing
 a ground-launched cruise missile       
7,,glcm71 which is the equivalent of the
 ,russian ,,ssc-#h missile system1 the  
,united ,states has worked with its     
,,nato allies to identify a unified     
approach on the best way forward4  7#h7 
,the ,united ,states has yet to exhaust 
diplomatic1 economic1 and military means
 to bring the ,russian ,federation back 
into compliance with the ,treaty1 and in
 #bjah alone1 the ,united ,states has   
cancelled at least two strategic        
stability dialogues planned to be       
conducted with the ,russian ,federation4
  7#i7 ,on ,january #af1 #bjai1 ,under  
,secretary of ,state for ,arms ,control 

and ,international ,security ,andrea    
,thompson confirmed that the ,russian   
,federation offered to exhibit the      
,,ssc-#h missile system for the ,united 
,states1 which1 while insufficient in   
itself to resolve its ,treaty violation1
 represented the first such offer since 
the first ,united ,states finding of    
non-compliance in #bjad4  7#aj7 ,the    
,united ,states withdrawal from the     
,,inf ,treaty would allow the ,russian  
,federation to escape international     
criticism for its violation of the      
,treaty and sow division among ,,nato   
allies at a time when ,alliance unity is
 critical to respond to a range of      
destabilizing actions by the ,russian   
,federation4  7#aa7 ,the ,united ,states
 withdrawal from the ,,inf ,treaty would
 free the ,russian ,federation to expand
 deployment of the ,,ssc-#h missile     
system in ways that threaten ,,nato and 
,indo-,pacific allies without bearing   
any international legal cost in doing   
so4  7#ab7 ,the ,department of ,defense 

has also not yet identified the full    
estimated research1 development1        
testing1 and evaluation1 procurement1 or
 personnel costs of producing1 testing1 
and deploying a new shorter- or         
intermediate-range ground-launched      
cruise or ballistic missile currently   
prohibited by the ,,inf ,treaty4  7#ac7 
,no ,european or ,asian ally has        
publicly declared its willingness or    
readiness to host a future ,united      
,states intermediate- or shorter-range  
ground-launched cruise or ballistic     
missile currently prohibited by the     
,,inf ,treaty should the ,united ,states
 seek to deploy that capability4  7#ad7 
,the ,secretary ,general of ,,nato1     
,jens ,stoltenberg1 stated on ,october  
#bd1 #bjah1 that we don't want a new    
,cold ,war1 we don't want a new arms    
race and therefore ,i don't foresee that
 ,allies will deploy more nuclear       
weapons in ,europe as a response to the 
new ,russian missile1 which precedes    
,united ,states ,national ,security     

,advisor ,john ,bolton's statement of   
,november #i1 #bjah1 that there are no  
,american plans to seek to deploy ,,inf 
non-compliant missiles in ,europe for   
the foreseeable future4  7#ae7 ,any     
effort by the ,united ,states           
,government to proceed beyond research  
and development of an intermediate-range
 cruise or ballistic missile that is    
nuclear armed will be portrayed in as   
deeply inconsistent with the ,united    
,states obligation under ,article ,,vi  
of the ,treaty on the                   
,non-,proliferation of ,nuclear         
,weapons1 signed at ,washington ,july   
#a1 #aifh 7commonly known as the ,,npt71
 to pursue negotiations in good faith on
 effective measures relating to the     
cessation of the nuclear arms race4     
7#af7 ,achieving the objective of       
expanding the ,,inf ,treaty's membership
 to the ,people's ,republic of ,china1  
which has deployed intermediate-range   
missile systems in great number1 is     
greatly diminished if parties to the    

existing ,treaty cease implementation4  
7#ag7 ,the ,congressional ,budget       
,office in ,october #bjag estimated that
 the costs of ,united ,states nuclear   
weapons spending over the next three    
decades will amount to                  
#a1bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1 or                  
#a1gjj1jjj1jjj1jjj when adjusted for    
inflation1 which does not include new   
systems proposed in the #bjah ,united   
,states ,nuclear ,posture ,review such  
as a low-yield submarine-launched       
ballistic missile 7,,slbm71 a           
sea-launched cruise missile 7,,slcm71   
and a ground launched cruise missile    
7,,glcm74  #c4 ,sense of the ,senate ,it
 is the sense of the ,senate that-- 7#a7
 ,president ,trump's announcement of the
 intent of the ,united ,states to       
withdraw from the ,,inf ,treaty1 without
 proper consultation with ,congress1 is 
a serious breach of ,congress's proper  
constitutional role as a co-equal branch
 of government2  7#b7 ,united ,states   
withdrawal from the ,,inf ,treaty would 

free the ,russian ,federation to deploy 
greater quantities of the ,,ssc-#h      
missile to the detriment of ,united     
,states national security and that of   
our allies in ,europe and the           
,indo-,pacific2  7#c7 withdrawal from   
the ,,inf ,treaty will fail to limit or 
eliminate ,china's shorter- and         
intermediate-range missiles2  7#d7 the  
,,nato alliance makes critical          
contributions to ,united ,states        
national security1 and the failure to   
weigh the concerns of ,,nato allies     
risks weakening the joint resolve       
necessary to counter ,russia's          
aggressive behavior2 and  7#e7 as       
opposed to formally notifying the       
,russian ,federation of the intention of
 the ,united ,states to withdraw1 the   
,united ,states should continue to      
advance other diplomatic1 economic1 and 
military measures outlined in the ,trump
 ,administration ,,inf ,treaty          
,integrated ,strategy1 to resolve the   
concerns related to the ,russian        

,federation's violation of the ,treaty  
and to reach agreement on measures to   
ensure the ,treaty's future viability4  
#d4 ,prohibition on use of funds for    
procurement1 flight testing1 or         
deployment of shorter- or               
intermediate-range ground launched      
ballistic or cruise missile system  7a7 
,in general ,no funds may be            
appropriated or otherwise made available
 for the procurement1 flight testing1 or
 deployment of a ,united ,states        
shorter- or intermediate-range ground   
launched ballistic or cruise missile    
system with a range between #ejj and    
#e1ejj kilometers until the ,secretary  
of ,defense1 in concurrence with the    
,secretary of ,state and the ,director  
of ,national ,intelligence1 submits a   
report and offers a briefing to the     
appropriate committees of ,congress     
that--  7#a7 includes a ,memorandum of  
,understanding 7,,mou7 from a ,,nato or 
,indo-,pacific ally that commits it to  
host deployment of any such missile on  

its own territory1 and in the case of   
deployment on the ,european continent1  
has the concurrence of the ,north       
,atlantic ,council2  7#b7 confirms that 
the ,united ,states has not rejected any
 diplomatic offer to exhibit the        
,,ssc-#h missile system or any other    
transparency measure1 which1 while      
insufficient in itself to resolve       
,russia's ,treaty violation1 may        
successfully move it closer to returning
 to compliance with the ,treaty2  7#c7  
assesses the implications1 in terms of  
the military threat to the ,united      
,states and its allies in ,europe and   
the ,indo-,pacific1 of a ,russian       
,federation deployment of               
intermediate-range cruise and ballistic 
missiles without restriction2  7#d7     
identifies what types of technologies   
and programs the ,united ,states would  
need to pursue to offset the additional 
,russian capabilities1 and at what cost2
  7#e7 identifies what mission          
requirements with respect to the        

,russian ,federation and the ,people's  
,republic of ,china will be met by      
,,inf-type systems2  7#f7 identifies the
 degree to which ,,inf-compliant        
capabilities1 such as sea and           
air-launched cruise missiles1 can meet  
those same mission requirements2 and    
7#g7 identifies the ramifications of a  
collapse of the ,,inf ,treaty on the    
ability to generate consensus among     
,states ,parties to the ,,npt ,treaty   
ahead of the #bjbj ,,npt ,review        
,conference1 and assesses the degree to 
which the ,russian ,federation will use 
the ,united ,states unilateral          
withdrawal to sow discord within the    
,,nato alliance4  7b7 ,form of report   
,the report required under subsection   
7a7 shall be unclassified with a        
classified annex4  7c7 ,appropriate     
committees of ,congress defined ,in this
 section1 the term appropriate          
committees of ,congress means--  7#a7   
the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations   
and the ,committee on ,armed ,services  

of the ,senate2 and  7#b7 the ,committee
 on ,foreign ,affairs and the ,committee
 on ,armed ,services of the ,house of   
,representatives4