,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bjic  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #aa1 #bjai ,mr4  
,rubio introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0   
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces  ,a ,,bill  
,to provide = ! e/abli%m5t ( !          
,?orium-,be>+ ,r>e ,e>? ,ref9]y         
,coop]ative1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4     
,%ort title  ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  
,r>e ,e>? ,coop]ative #ba/ ,c5tury      
,manufactur+ ,act or ! ,,re-,coop #ba/  
,c5tury ,manufactur+ ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s2 
/atem5t ( policy  7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress  
f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,r>e e>? elem5ts are
 critical = advanc$ en]gy te*nologies1  
national def5se1 & o!r comm]cial &      
indu/rial applications4  7#b7 ,! ,p's   
,republic ( ,*9a 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is       
subsection z ,*9a7 has lev]ag$ its      
monopoly control ov] ! r>e e>? value *a9
 to =ce corporations f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
,europe1 ,japan1 & ,s\? ,korea to       
transf] manufactur+ facilities1         
te*nology1 & jobs to ,*9a 9 ex*ange =   

secure supply contracts4  7#c7 ,!       
increas+ly aggressive m]cantile behavior
 ( ,*9a has l$ to involunt>y transf]s ( 
te*nology1 manufactur+1 & jobs1 :i* has 
result$ 9 on]\s trade imbalances ) !    
,unit$ ,/ates & trad+ p>tn]s ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4  7#d7 ,! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates has confirm$ t ! monopoly 
control ( ,*9a ov] ! r>e e>? value *a9  
has result$ 9 vuln]abilities 9 !        
procurem5t ( multiple ,unit$ ,/ates     
weapons sy/ems4  7#e7 ,direct l9ks exi/ 
betwe5 r>e e>? m9]alogy & ?orium4  7#f7 
,?orium is a radioactive elem5t commonly
 associat$ ) ! lan?anide elem5ts 9 mo/  
r>e e>? deposits locat$ 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates & else:]e4  7#g7 ,regulations    
reg>d+ ?orium repres5t a b>ri] to !     
developm5t ( a r>e e>? indu/ry t is bas$
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#h7 ,meet+ !      
/rategic national int]e/ objectives ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates & economic & environm5tal 
goals are be/ a*iev$ ?r\gh ! creation ( 
a r>e e>? coop]ative4  7#i7 ,a r>e e>?  
coop]ative c\ld-- 7,a7 greatly increase 

! production ( r>e e>? elem5ts2  7,b7   
ensure environm5tal safety2 &  7,c7 l[] 
! co/ ( ! production & f9ancial risks   
fac$ by r>e e>? produc]s 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates4  7#aj7 ,hi/orically1            
agricultural & electric coop]atives h   
/ood z "o ( ! greate/ success /ories ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates4  7b7 ,/atem5t ( policy  
,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to     
advance dome/ic ref9+ ( r>e e>? elem5ts 
& ! safe /orage ( ?orium 9 anticipation 
( ! pot5tial future indu/rial uses (    
?orium1 includ+ en]gy1 because--  7#a7  
?orium has a m9]alogical association )  
valuable r>e e>? elem5ts2  7#b7 !re is a
 great ne$ to develop dome/ic ref9+     
capacity to process dome/ic r>e e>?     
elem5t deposits2 &  7#c7 ! economy ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates w\ld b5efit f ! rapid     
developm5t & control ( intellectual     
prop]ty relat+ to ! comm]cial developm5t
 ( te*nology utiliz+ ?orium4  #c4       
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,act9ide  
,! t]m act9ide means a natural elem5t   
associat$ ) any ( ! s]ies ( #ae metallic

 elem5ts betwe5 act9ium1 ) atomic numb] 
#hi1 & lawr5cium1 ) atomic numb] #ajc1  
on ! p]iodic table4  7#b7 ,coop]ative ,!
 t]m ,coop]ative means ! ,?orium-,be>+  
,r>e ,e>? ,ref9]y ,coop]ative e/abli%$  
"u section #d7;a74  7#c7 ,corporation ,!
 t]m ,corporation means ! ,?orium       
,/orage1 ,en]gy1 & ,indu/rial ,products 
,corporation e/abli%$ "u section #e7;a74
  7#d7 ,national ,laboratory ,! t]m     
,national ,laboratory has ! mean+ giv5 !
 t]m 9 section #b ( ! ,en]gy ,policy    
,act ( #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74    
7#e7 ,r>e e>? elem5t ,! t]m r>e e>?     
elem5t means a natural elem5t associat$ 
)--  7,a7 ! metallic elem5t sc&ium1 )   
atomic numb] #ba1 or yttrium1 ) atomic  
numb] #ci2  7,b7 any ( ! s]ies ( #ae    
metallic elem5ts betwe5 lan?anum1 )     
atomic numb] #eg1 & lutetium1 ) atomic  
numb] #ga1 on ! p]iodic table2 or  7,c7 
any ( ! s]ies ( #ae metallic elem5ts    
betwe5 act9ium1 ) atomic numb] #hi1 &   
lawr5cium1 ) atomic numb] #ajc1 on !    
p]iodic table4  #d4 ,r>e e>? ref9]y     

coop]ative  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,n lat] ?an 
#fj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is   
,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce %all       
coord9ate ) any relevant ,f$]al ag5cies 
to procure ! issuance ( a ,f$]al *>t] = 
a privately fund$1 privately op]at$1 &  
privately manag$ coop]ative ) respect to
 r>e e>? elem5ts1 :i*--  7#a7 %all--    
7,a7 be kn[n z ! ,?orium-,be>+ ,r>e ,e>?
 ,ref9]y ,coop]ative2  7,b7 coord9ate ! 
e/abli%m5t ( a fully integrat$ ,unit$   
,/ates value *a9 ) respect to r>e e>?   
elem5ts to s]ve ! national security ne$s
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ne$s ( indu/ry 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7,c7 produce        
products t use r>e e>? elem5ts1 includ+ 
metal p[d]s 7su* z r>e e>? oxides & r>e 
e>? salts1 includ+ *lorides & nitrates71
 metals conta9+ r>e e>? elem5ts1 alloys1
 magnets1 & o!r value-add$ products us+ 
r>e e>? elem5ts1 z requir$ by--  7i7 !  
own]s (1 & inve/ors 91 ! ,coop]ative2 & 
7ii7 ! def5se indu/ry ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2
 &  7#b7 may-- 7,a7 accept dome/ic &    
int]national inve/m5t f--  7i7 comm]cial

 or indu/rial us]s ( products conta9+   
r>e e>? elem5ts1 includ+ trade gr\ps or 
associations =m$ to act on behalf ( !   
def5se indu/ry or o!r end-us]s ( ^?     
products2 or  7ii7 any ( ! res\rce      
suppli]s ( ! ,coop]ative2  7,b7 accept  
inve/m5t or fund+ f =eign gov]nm5ts1    
,/ate ag5cies1 or ,/ate-sponsor$        
entities1 includ+ univ]sities or rese>* 
in/itutions1 subject to ! approval ( !  
,committee on ,=eign ,inve/m5t 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates e/abli%$ "u section       
#gba7k7 ( ! ,def5se ,production ,act (  
#aiej 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #defe7k772  7,c7   
di/ribute f9i%$ goods & pr(its 9        
proportion to inve/m5t2  7,d7 on behalf 
( ! own]s ( ! ,coop]ative1 sell surplus 
f9i%$ goods on ! op5 m>ket2 &  7,e7     
accept & process r>e e>? res\rces1 or   
o!r critical m9]als1 ) elevat$ levels ( 
?orium or uranium t are--  7i7 m9$ 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates2  7ii7 f any dome/ic wa/e 
product1 co-product1 or byproduct ( "s  
o!r m9$ commodity2 or  7iii7 produc$ by 
any =eign suppli] t has inve/$ 9 !      

,coop]ative4  7b7 ,secur+ r>e e>?s ,!   
foll[+ mat]ials %all be consid]$ to be  
an unref9$ & unprocess$ ore1 z def9$ 9  
section #dj4d ( title #aj1 ,code (      
,f$]al ,regulations1 or any successor   
regulation3  7#a7 ,any mat]ial accept$  
by ! ,coop]ative "u subsection          
7a77#b77;,e74  7#b7 ,a ?orium be>+ r>e  
e>? ore t is--  7,a7 a byproduct or     
coproduct ( ano!r m9$ commodity2 &  7,b7
 sold & %ipp$ "u a supply agreem5t ) !  
,coop]ative4  7c7 ,produc]s ( r>e e>?s  
,a produc] t acts "u a supply contract )
 ! ,coop]ative may1 "u ! rules = unref9$
 & unprocess$ ore "u "p #dj ( title #aj1
 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 process1  
manage1 & transport any mat]ial )       
respect to :i* ! contract applies4  7d7 
,liability ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( 
law or regulation-- 7#a7 ! ,f$]al       
,gov]nm5t %all n be liable = any        
activities ( ! ,coop]ative "u ?is       
section2 &  7#b7 ! ,coop]ative %all     
e/abli% & secure suffici5t f9ancial     
surety bond+ & o!r insurance1 consi/5t )

 private indu/ry /&>ds4  #e4 ,?orium    
,/orage1 ,en]gy1 & ,indu/rial ,products 
,corporation  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,n lat]   
?an #fj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t (   
?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy %all     
coord9ate ) relevant ,f$]al ag5cies to  
procure ! issuance ( a ,f$]al *>t] = a  
privately fund$ & privately op]at$      
corporation1 :i*--  7#a7 %all be kn[n z 
! ,?orium ,/orage1 ,en]gy1 & ,indu/rial 
,products ,corporation2 &  7#b7 9       
accordance ) all applicable laws1       
regulations1 & rules1 %all--  7,a7 on a 
preprocess+ basis1 assume liability = & 
own]%ip ( all ?orium & m9]alogically    
associat$ or relat$ act9ides & decay    
products conta9$ )9 ! r>e e>? elem5t    
ores utiliz$ by ! ,coop]ative2  7,b7    
take physical possession & safely /ore  
all ?orium-conta9+ act9ide byproducts1 )
 ! co/s ( ! /orage to be paid by !      
,coop]ative2 &  7,c7 manage ! sale ( all
 valuable act9ide & decay products1     
utiliz+ ! proce$s = ! developm5t (      
comm]cial uses & m>ket = ?orium1 includ+

 en]gy4  7b7 ,?orium /orage ,!          
,corporation %all e/abli% n less ?an #a 
facility1 ea* ( :i* %all-- 7#a7 be kn[n 
z a ,?orium ,bank2  7#b7 provide safe & 
long-t]m /orage = all ?orium produc$ z a
 byproduct 9 ! production ( r>e e>?     
elem5ts = ! ,coop]ative2 &  7#c7 hold & 
ma9ta9 f9ancial surety bond+ & insurance
 consi/5t ) private indu/ry /&>ds4  7c7 
,indu/rial products ,! ,corporation may 
e/abli% n less ?an #a division1 ea* (   
:i* %all be kn[n z an ,indu/rial        
,products ,corporation1 = !             
c]tification1 lic5s+1 insur+1 &         
comm]cial developm5t ( all non5]gy uses 
= ?orium 7includ+ ?orium isotopes &     
?orium daught] elem5ts71 includ+ alloys1
 cataly/s1 m$ical isotopes1 & o!r       
products4  7d7 ,en]gy applications ,!   
,corporation may e/abli% n less ?an #a  
en]gy products1 en]gy sy/ems1 or en]gy  
applications division = ! c]tification1 
lic5s+1 insur+1 comm]cial developm5t1   
deploym5t1 lease1 & lic5s+ ( su*        
products & s]vices1 includ+--  7#a7     

develop+ intellectual prop]ty2  7#b7    
acquir+ te*nology2  7#c7 develop+1      
manufactur+1 op]at+1 or leas+ comm]cial 
?orium en]gy sy/ems2 &  7#d7 develop+1  
manufactur+1 op]at+1 or leas+ relat$    
!rmal process+ sy/ems4  7e7             
,int]national p>tn]%ips  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! ,corporation may sell or di/ribute   
equity & e/abli% p>tn]%ips ) ! ,unit$   
,/ates4  7#b7 ,=eign inve/ors ,any =eign
 inve/or 9 ! ,corporation %all make a   
volunt>y fil+ ) ! ,committee on ,=eign  
,inve/m5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates e/abli%$ "u 
section #gba7k7 ( ! ,def5se ,production 
,act ( #aiej 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #defe7k774  
7f7 ,liability ,not)/&+ any o!r         
provision ( law or regulation-- 7#a7 !  
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t %all n be liable = any 
activities ( ! ,corporation "u ?is      
section2 &  7#b7 ! ,corporation %all    
e/abli% & secure suffici5t f9ancial     
surety bond+ & o!r insurance1 consi/5t )
 private indu/ry /&>ds1 = ! managem5t & 
/orage ( radioactive mat]ials & o!r wa/e
 & haz>ds4  #f4 ,f$]al support  7a7     

,meet+s ) relevant p>ties ,! ,secret>y (
 ,comm]ce & ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all  
provide initial assi/ance to !          
,coop]ative1 & ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy & ! 
,secret>y ( ,def5se %all provide initial
 assi/ance to ! ,corporation1 by        
e/abli%+ pe]-to-pe] meet+s ) allies ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic       
,treaty ,organization1 o!r alli$ =eign  
gov]nm5ts1 ,f$]al & ,/ate ag5cies1      
sci5ce & te*nology rese>* in/itutions1 &
 comm]cial us]s & consum]s ( r>e e>?    
elem5ts & en]gy4  7b7 ,eligibility =    
c]ta9 support  7#a7 ,grant & loan       
programs ,! ,coop]ative & ! ,corporation
 may apply = fund+ assi/ance provid$ by 
any relevant grant or loan program c>ri$
 out by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy1 !         
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se1 or ! ,dep>tm5t (   
,comm]ce1 includ+1 ) respect to !       
,corporation--  7,a7 ! ,small ,modul>   
,reactor ,lic5s+ ,te*nical ,support     
,program ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy2 &  7,b7
 any program ( ! ,(fice ( ,advanc$      
,reactor ,te*nologies ( ! ,dep>tm5t (   

,en]gy4  7#b7 ,te*nical & data support  
to ! ,corporation ,! ,national          
,laboratories %all provide te*nical &   
data support to ! ,corporation on p>ity 
) transf]s made be=e ! date ( enactm5t (
 ?is ,act by ! ,national ,laboratories  
to ! ,*9ese ,academy ( ,sci5ces & any   
o!r =eign ag5t or entity4  7c7 ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,en]gy policy ,! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy  
%all adopt & execute a policy t promotes
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 act+ 9 conjunction ) !
 ,corporation1 z a global lead] 9 ?orium
 en]gy sy/ems4  #g4 ,appo9tm5t ( initial
 (fic]s  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y (    
,comm]ce & ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy %all    
jo9tly appo9t #b citiz5s ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates--  7#a7 nei!r ( :om may be an    
employee (1 consultant to1 advisor to1  
or affiliate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates          
,gov]nm5t2 &  7#b7 :o %all act z !      
initial (fic]s & ,bo>d ( ,directors (   
bo? ! ,coop]ative & ! ,corporation4  7b7
 ,qualifications ,! #b individuals      
appo9t$ "u subsection 7a7 %all ea* h    
exp]tise 91 & a hi/ory ( promot+--  7#a7

 ! developm5t ( a plat=m-- 7,a7 t is    
bas$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  7,b7 t is fund$
 us+ mult9ational s\rces2 &  7,c7 !     
purpose ( :i* is ! developm5t ( a fully 
integrat$ r>e e>? value *a92 &  7#b7 !  
comm]cial developm5t ( uses & m>kets =  
?orium1 includ+ en]gy4  7c7             
,responsibilities ,! individuals appo9t$
 "u subsection 7a7 %all "w ) ! ,secret>y
 ( ,comm]ce to develop corporate bylaws 
& t]ms ( gov]nance = ! ,coop]ative1 & ) 
! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy to develop ^?      
bylaws & t]ms = ! ,corporation1 :i* %all
 be set =? 9 a ,memor&um ( ,und]/&+ =   
ea* su* entity t outl9es specific       
obligations1 commitm5ts1 limitations on 
s\rces ( int]national inve/m5t1 & goals 
t are specific to ! national int]e/s ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates4  7d7 ,duration ( s]vice 
,! individuals appo9t$ "u subsection 7a7
 %all cont9ue to s]ve 9 ^? roles = z    
long z provid$ "u ! t]ms ( gov]nance    
develop$ "u subsection 7c74  #h4 ,o!r   
provisions  7a7 ,annual audits ,!       
,coop]ative & ! ,corporation %all1 on ! 

date t is #ahj days aft] ! date on :i*  
ea* su* entity is e/abli%$1 & annually  
!reaft]1 submit to ! ,secret>y (        
,comm]ce1 ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy1 & !     
,secret>y ( ,def5se an audit$ report1   
:i* %all--  7#a7 be conduct$ by an      
outside audit+ firm2 &  7#b7 = ! p]iod  
cov]$ by ! report1 evaluate ! progress &
 success ( ! ,coop]ative & !            
,corporation 9 meet+ all t>gets &       
objectives e/abli%$ by ! ,secret>y1 9   
consultation ) ! heads ( o!r relevant   
,f$]al ag5cies4  7b7 ,au?ority ( !      
,secret>y ( ,def5se ,! ,secret>y (      
,def5se may monitor ! output ( !        
,coop]ative & ! ,corporation ) respect  
to ! national security objectives set =?
 9 ! ,memor&um ( ,und]/&+ requir$ = ea* 
entity "u section #g7;c74