,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #agec  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #e1 #bjai,mr4    
,lee 7= himself & ,mr4 ,hawley7         
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on       
,homel& ,security & ,gov]nm5tal ,affairs
  ,a ,,bill  ,to promote acc\ntability &
 effective adm9i/ration 9 ! execution ( 
laws by re/or+ ! orig9al und]/&+ ( !    
,presid5t's con/itutional p[] to remove 
subord9ates f (fice4  #a4 ,%ort title   
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,take ,c>e    
,act4  #b4 ,def9itions ,z us$ 9 ?is     
,act3 7#a7 ,at-w removal ,! t]m at-w    
removal means ! p[] to remove a         
,pr9cipal (fic] ) or )\t cause4  7#b7   
,=-cause removal protection ,! t]m      
=-cause removal protection means any    
limitation on ! ,presid5t's p[] to      
remove a ,pr9cipal (fic]1 )\t reg>d to  
:e!r ! limitation is d]iv$ or inf]r$ f  
express /atutory text1 ! /ructure ( an  
ag5cy1 ! functions & responsibilities   
assign$ to an ag5cy1 hi/orical practice1

 judicial prec$5t1 or regulation4  7#c7 
,pr9cipal (fic] ,! t]m ,pr9cipal (fic]  
means an (fic] :o is requir$ by article 
,,ii1 section #b1 clause #b ( !         
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to be    
appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t by & ) ! advice &
 cons5t ( ! ,s5ate4  #c4 ,elim9at+ exi/+
 =-cause removal protections ,not)/&+   
any o!r provision ( law1 ) respect to   
any ,pr9cipal (fic] = :om =-cause       
removal protection is 9 effect          
imm$iately be=e ?is ,act takes effect-- 
7#a7 su* =-cause removal protection %all
 cease to h =ce or effect2 &  7#b7 su*  
(fic] %all be subject to at-w removal by
 ! ,presid5t1  effective 9 accordance ) 
section #g4  #d4 ,prospectively limit+  
=-cause removal protections  7a7 ,9     
g5]al ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 
all ,pr9cipal (fic]s1 :e!r ! (fice 0    
e/abli%$ be=e ?is ,act takes effect or  
is creat$ or o!rwise au?oriz$ on or aft]
 ?is ,act takes effect1 %all be subject 
to at-w removal by ! ,presid5t1 unless  
an ,act ( ,congress enact$ aft] ?is ,act

 takes effect e/abli%es =-cause removal 
protection 9 accordance ) subsection    
7b74  7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction ,no       
,pr9cipal (fic] %all h =-cause removal  
protection unless an ,act ( ,congress   
enact$ aft] ?is ,act takes effect-- 7#a7
 expressly e/abli%es =-cause removal    
protection = su* (fic]2 &  7#b7 decl>es 
explicitly & ) specificity t its        
provisions sup]s$e ?is ,act4  #e4       
,directive au?ority ,not)/&+ any o!r    
provision ( law1 an ,act ( ,congress t  
ve/s discretion>y decision-mak+ au?ority
 9 an executive bran* (fic] o!r ?an !   
,presid5t1 or t designates an ag5cy to  
be an indep5d5t ag5cy or an indep5d5t   
e/abli%m5t1 %all n be con/ru$ z a       
limitation on ! ,presid5t's p[] to      
sup]vise & direct ! ex]cise ( su*       
discretion>y decision-mak+ au?ority4    
#f4 ,repeal & am5dm5t ( c]ta9 o!r       
provisions ( law  7a7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7    
,*apt] #ab ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates    
,code1 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 ! table (      
sections1 by /rik+ ! item relat+ to     

section #abje2  7,b7 9 section #abjb1 by
 /rik+ subsection 7d72  7,c7 by /rik+   
section #abje2 &  7,d7 9 section        
#abaa7;b71 by /rik+ ! fif? s5t5ce4  7#b7
 ,section #gajd7;b7 ( title #e1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce  
by /rik+ 1 & may be & all t foll[s ?r\gh
 9 (fice4  7#c7 ,section                
#b7;a77#aj77;,b7 ( ! ,commodity ,ex*ange
 ,act 7#g ,u4,s4,c4 #b7;a77#aj77;,b77 is
 am5d$ by /rik+ ! second & ?ird s5t5ces4
  7#d7 ,! second undesignat$ p>agraph ( 
section #aj ( ! ,f$]al ,res]ve ,act 7#ab
 ,u4,s4,c4 #bdb7 is am5d$ 9 ! second    
s5t5ce by /rik+ 1 unless soon] remov$ = 
cause by ! ,presid5t4  7#e7 ,section    
#aaa ( ,public ,law #ic-die 7#ab        
,u4,s4,c4 #bej7 is repeal$4  7#f7       
,section #acab7;b77#b7 ( ! ,f$]al ,h\s+ 
,ent]prises ,f9ancial ,safety &         
,s\ndness ,act ( #aiib 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4   
#deab7;b77#b77 is am5d$ by /rik+ =      
cause4  7#g7 ,! ,consum] ,f9ancial      
,protection ,act ( #bjaj 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 
#edha et seq47 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 section

 #ajaa7;c7 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #edia7;c771 by
 /rik+ p>agraph 7#c72  7,b7 9 section   
#ajab7;c7 7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #edib7;c77--   
7i7 by /rik+ p>agraph 7#d72 &  7ii7 by  
r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#e7 z p>agraph     
7#d72 &  7,c7 9 section #ajag7;a77#d7   
7#ab ,u4,s4,c4 #edig7;a77#d77-- 7i7 by  
/rik+ subp>agraph 7,e72 &  7ii7 by      
r$esignat+ subp>agraph 7,f7 z           
subp>agraph 7,e74  7#h7 ,! fir/ section 
( ! ,f$]al ,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae 
,u4,s4,c4 #da7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! six? 
s5t5ce4  7#i7 ,! ,consum] ,product      
,safety ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bjea et    
seq47 is am5d$-- 7,a7 9 section #d7;a7  
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bjec7;a771 by /rik+ !   
la/ s5t5ce2 &  7,b7 9 section #bg7k77#b7
 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bjgf7k77#b771 by /rik+ 
! second s5t5ce4  7#aj7 ,! ,t5nessee    
,valley ,au?ority ,act ( #aicc 7#af     
,u4,s4,c4 #hca et seq47 is am5d$-- 7,a7 
9 section #d 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hca;c7 9 ! 
undesignat$ matt] foll[+ subsection 7f71
 by /rik+ 3 ,provid$1 & all t foll[s    
?r\gh ,repres5tatives2 &  7,b7 9 section

 #f 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hca;e71 by /rik+ !  
second s5t5ce4  7#aa7 ,section #agjf ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,in/itute ( ,peace ,act  
7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #dfje7 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by
 /rik+ subsection 7f72 &  7,b7 by       
r$esignat+ subsections 7g7 ?r\gh 7j7 z  
subsections 7f7 ?r\gh 7i71 respectively4
  7#ab7 ,section #c7;a7 ( ! ,national   
,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4   
#aec7;a77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! la/       
s5t5ce4  7#ac7 ,section #ab7;b7 ( !     
,occupational ,safety & ,heal? ,act (   
#aigj 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #ffa7;b77 is am5d$ 
by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce4  7#ad7        
,section #aac7;b77#a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,m9e   
,safety & ,heal? ,act ( #aigg 7#cj      
,u4,s4,c4 #hbc7;b77#a77 is am5d$ by     
/rik+ ! matt] foll[+ subp>agraph 7,b74  
7#ae7 ,section #bjb7;a77#a7 ( title #ci1
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ 9 ! fif? 
s5t5ce by /rik+ 1 & may be remov$ only =
 cause4  7#af7 ,section #ejb7;a7 ( title
 #ci1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ 9 ! 
second s5t5ce by /rik+ 1 & may be remov$
 by ! ,presid5t only = cause4  7#ag7    

,section #gjb7;a77#c7 ( ! ,social       
,security ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4           
#ijb7;a77#c77 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! f\r?  
s5t5ce4  7#ah7 ,section #ajjd ( ! ,legal
 ,s]vices ,corporation ,act 7#db        
,u4,s4,c4 #biif;c7 is am5d$-- 7,a7 by   
/rik+ subsection 7e72 &  7,b7 by        
r$esignat+ subsections 7f71 7g71 & 7h7 z
 subsections 7e71 7f71 & 7g71           
respectively4  7#ai7 ,section #bja7;e7 (
 ! ,en]gy ,reorganization ,act ( #aigd  
7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ehda7;e77 is am5d$ by   
/rik+ ! fir/ s5t5ce4  7#bj7 ,section    
#aab7r77#f7 ( ! ,clean ,air ,act 7#db   
,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77#f77 is am5d$-- 7,a7 
9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ ! f\r?     
s5t5ce2 &  7,b7 9 subp>agraph 7,r71 by  
/rik+ ,no report & all t foll[s ?r\gh   
malfeasance 9 (fice44  7#ba7 ,section   
#bjd ( ! ,/ate ,ju/ice ,in/itute ,act ( 
#aihd 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajgjc7 is am5d$-- 
7,a7 by /rik+ subsection 7h72 &  7,b7 by
 r$esignat+ subsections 7i71 7j71 & 7k7 
z subsections 7h71 7i71 & 7j71          
respectively4  7#bb7 ,! fir/ p>agraph ( 

section #d ( ! ,railway ,labor ,act 7#de
 ,u4,s4,c4 #aed7 is am5d$ by /rik+ !    
?ird undesignat$ subp>agraph4  7#bc7    
,section #cja7;b7 ( title #df1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by /rik+ p>agraph
 7#e74  7#bd7 ,section #aaaa7;c7 ( title
 #di1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--   
7,a7 9 ! subsection head+1 by /rik+ &   
removal2 &  7,b7 by /rik+ ! f\r? s5t5ce4
  7#be7 ,section #aaac7;c7 ( title #di1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by /rik+ !
 second s5t5ce4  7b7 ,rule ( con/ruction
 ,! fact t a provision ( law 9 effect   
imm$iately be=e ?is ,act takes effect t 
provides =-cause removal protection = a 
,pr9cipal (fic] is n repeal$ "u !       
am5dm5ts made by subsection 7a7 %all n  
be con/ru$ to-- 7#a7 sup]s$e section #c 
( ?is ,act2 or  7#b7 cont9ue ! =ce or   
effect ( su* provision ( law4  #g4      
,effective date ,?is ,act & ! am5dm5ts  
made by ?is ,act %all take effect at    
noon on ,janu>y #bj1 #bjba4