,,ii #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #agda ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,june #e1 #bjai,mr4 ,wyden 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,whitehouse1 ,mr4 ,reed1 and ,mr4 ,coons7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources ,a ,,bill ,to direct the ,secretary of ,energy to establish a program to advance energy storage deployment by reducing the cost of energy storage through research1 development1 and demonstration1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,reducing the ,cost of ,energy ,storage ,act of #bjai4 #b4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,,der 7,a7 ,in general ,the term ,,der means an electric device that can produce or consume energy that is located-- 7i7 on the distribution system or any subsystem of the distribution system2 or 7ii7 behind a customer meter4 7,b7 ,inclusions ,the term ,,der includes-- 7i7 an energy storage resource2 7ii7 an energy generation technology2 7iii7 a demand response resource2 7iv7 an energy efficiency resource2 7v7 an electric vehicle and associated supply equipment and systems2 and 7vi7 aggregations and integrated control systems1 including virtual power plants1 microgrids1 and networks of microgrid cells4 7#b7 ,electric consumer2 ,state regulatory authority ,the terms electric consumer and ,state regulatory authority have the meanings given the terms in section #c of the ,public ,utility ,regulatory ,policies ,act of #aigh 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #bfjb74 7#c7 ,energy storage ,the term energy storage means equipment or facilities capable of absorbing energy1 storing energy for a period of time1 and dispatching the stored energy1 that-- 7,a7 uses mechanical1 electrochemical1 hydroelectric1 or thermal processes1 as a single facility or as an aggregation of units1 throughout the electric grid1 including behind the meter to store energy generated at #a time for use at a later time2 7,b7 uses mechanical1 electrochemical1 hydroelectric1 or thermal processes1 as a single facility or as an aggregation of units1 throughout the electric grid1 including behind the meter to store energy generated from mechanical processes that would otherwise be wasted for delivery at a later time2 or 7,c7 stores thermal energy for direct use for heating or cooling at a later time in a manner that avoids the need to use electricity at that later time4 7#d7 ,light-duty consumer vehicle ,the term light-duty consumer vehicle has the meaning given the term light-duty vehicle in section #ajcg4hja of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act74 7#e7 ,microgrid ,the term microgrid means a localized grid that can disconnect from the traditional grid to operate autonomously and help mitigate grid disturbances to strengthen grid resilience4 7#f7 ,program ,the term program means the energy storage program established under section #c7;a74 7#g7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,energy4 7#h7 ,state energy office ,the term ,state energy office has the meaning given the term in section #abd7;a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehba7;a774 7#i7 ,transit vehicle ,the term transit vehicle has the meaning given the term bus in section #aaib4c of title #cf1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act74 #c4 ,reducing the cost of energy storage 7a7 ,energy storage program 7#a7 ,establishment ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall establish a cross-cutting national program within the ,department of ,energy to advance energy storage deployment by reducing the cost of energy storage through research1 development1 and demonstration4 7b7 ,goals ,in developing the program1 the ,secretary shall consider the goals of-- 7#a7 7,a7 reducing the full lifecycle cost and environmental impact of energy storage technologies1 services1 and applications1 with an emphasis on reducing costs associated with combining energy storage with intermittent renewable energy generation2 and 7,b7 increasing the cost-competitiveness of energy storage technologies1 services1 and applications1 including-- 7i7 the costs of subsystem components1 installation1 and integration2 and 7ii7 the costs associated with the application of energy storage technologies within integrated control systems2 7#b7 facilitating innovation in the manner in which energy storage systems are conceived1 designed1 manufactured1 installed1 and used for various energy services2 7#c7 improving the understanding of the economics and technical characteristics of new electric grid operating principles enabled by energy storage1 including by considering regional characteristics2 7#d7 7,a7 identifying the various use cases that are possible with energy storage 7including individual technology applications1 combination technology applications1 and integrated control system applications72 and 7,b7 quantifying1 demonstrating1 and maximizing-- 7i7 the value of energy storage in the various use cases identified under subparagraph 7,a72 and 7ii7 the energy storage services that could be provided in those various use cases-- 7,i7 individually2 and 7,,ii7 in multiple or stacked services1 including the generation of multiple value streams from integrated control systems1 such as microgrids2 7#e7 identifying1 addressing1 and reducing market barriers that limit energy storage adoption1 including by-- 7,a7 identifying wholesale and retail market barriers2 7,b7 helping to streamline processes-- 7i7 to reduce the time required for project completion2 and 7ii7 to lower interconnection costs2 and 7,c7 facilitating increased deployment of energy storage across sectors1 including facilitating-- 7i7 the deployment of residential1 commercial1 and industrial applications2 and 7ii7 the deployment to low-income individuals and communities2 7#f7 advancing and validating the safety1 reliability1 and performance of energy storage1 including by-- 7,a7 establishing procedures for evaluating1 verifying1 and reporting the performance of energy storage technologies1 including the operational safety and usable life of energy storage technologies2 and 7,b7 refining existing or developing new industry-accepted codes1 standards1 and testing procedures to specify desired performance parameters for energy storage services2 7#g7 mapping pathways for energy storage deployment that increase the reliability1 efficiency1 security1 and resilience of the electricity system1 including by-- 7,a7 increasing the understanding of trends in electricity system inertia2 and 7,b7 assessing the ability of energy storage to provide the technical services needed for management of electricity system inertia2 7#h7 optimizing energy storage deployment-- 7,a7 to increase the deployment of variable renewable energy-generation technology and electric transportation2 and 7,b7 to support the optimal use of distributed and grid scale energy resources1 including assessing the use of energy storage technologies to manage and optimize ,d,e,rs-- 7i7 at different levels of market penetration2 or 7ii7 within integrated control systems or energy management systems1 at different scales2 7#i7 advancing analytical resources to employ storage technology effectively and profitably1 including by-- 7,a7 using existing integrated resource planning1 transmission1 and distribution design tools and other resources to build staff capacity for ,state regulatory authorities1 ,state energy offices1 electric utilities1 balancing authorities1 and ,federal power marketing administrations to assist in reducing the uncertainty and risks relating to energy storage deployment2 7,b7 developing techniques for conducting energy storage business case analyses2 and 7,c7 developing end-state modeling of least-cost solutions in scenarios in which-- 7i7 energy storage is deployed2 and 7ii7 #ij to #ajj percent of electricity is produced by renewable generation resources2 7#aj7 spurring an increase in the number of energy storage technologies that are manufactured cost-competitively in the ,united ,states-- 7,a7 through public-private partnerships2 and 7,b7 by reducing investment risk2 7#aa7 identifying-- 7,a7 critical and conflict materials issues relating to energy storage technologies2 and 7,b7 innovative1 low-impact1 and cost-competitive methods for procuring energy storage materials that address the conflict issues identified under subparagraph 7,a71 including-- 7i7 materials recycling programs1 which may also have the effect of increasing the life of batteries2 and 7ii7 novel methods for obtaining lithium and other minerals domestically2 and 7#ab7 enabling responsible lifecycle management of energy storage technologies through-- 7,a7 conducting research on responsible recycling of advanced battery materials and chemistries2 7,b7 encouraging the sustainable design of new energy storage technologies2 and 7,c7 investigating end-of-life and second-life applications for advanced batteries4 7c7 ,priority ,in developing the program1 the ,secretary shall pay special attention to energy storage needs and opportunities that are relatively underdeveloped and potentially transformative for the electric grid4 7d7 ,subprograms ,the program shall be comprised of not fewer than #d subprograms1 including-- 7#a7 a large-scale energy storage subprogram with emphasis on large-scale energy storage systems1 including-- 7,a7 electrochemical storage2 7,b7 pumped hydroelectric storage2 7,c7 mechanical storage2 7,d7 thermal storage2 7,e7 compression storage2 and 7,f7 other technologies1 as determined by the ,secretary2 7#b7 a distributed storage subprogram that focuses on distributed energy storage technologies and applications1 including existing assets and infrastructure1 such as electric hot water heaters and thermal storage for space heating and cooling2 7#c7 a transportation electrification subprogram that focuses on storage for and within electric vehicles1 including-- 7,a7 light-1 medium-1 and heavy-duty passenger1 utility1 transit1 and fleet vehicles2 7,b7 vehicle-grid integration1 including vehicle-to-grid applications and time-varying pricing signals2 and 7,c7 charging infrastructure and related networks and systems2 and 7#d7 a responsible battery lifecycle management subprogram that focuses on-- 7,a7 recycling spent batteries1 including all chemistries of batteries2 and 7,b7 designing new batteries for end-of-life recycling4 7e7 ,cost target 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall develop cost targets 7including technology costs1 installation costs1 balance of services costs1 and soft costs7 for energy storage across all types of energy storage technology4 7#b7 ,target update2 subtargets ,not later than #e years after the date of enactment of this ,act and every #e years thereafter1 the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 increase the rigor of cost targets based on-- 7i7 a technology-neutral approach that considers all types of-- 7,i7 energy storage2 7,,ii7 application and sector-specific use profiles2 and 7,,iii7 energy storage deployment scenarios1 including individual technologies1 technology combination use profiles1 and integrated control system applications2 7ii7 input from a variety of stakeholders1 including the stakeholders described in subsection 7i72 7iii7 the inclusion and use of existing infrastructure2 and 7iv7 the ability to optimize the integration of intermittent renewable energy generation technology and ,d,e,rs2 and 7,b7 establish cost subtargets specific to technologies and applications selected by the ,secretary1 taking into consideration electricity market prices and what is required to be cost-competitive in specific markets for electric grid products and services4 7#c7 ,default target ,during the period beginning on the date of enactment of this ,act and ending on the date on which the ,secretary first increases the rigor of cost targets under paragraph 7#b71 the default cost targets to be achieved by the date that is #aj years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 shall be an #hj-percent reduction in the per kilowatt hour all-in installed cost of each energy storage technology class1 as determined under paragraph 7#d74 7#d7 ,energy storage technology classifications 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall1 based on input from the stakeholders described in subsection 7i71 establish categories of energy storage technologies for the purposes of-- 7i7 updating the cost targets under paragraph 7#b72 and 7ii7 assigning the default cost target under paragraph 7#c74 7,b7 ,requirements ,at a minimum1 the ,secretary shall establish the following energy storage technology classes under subparagraph 7,a73 7i7 ,electrochemical storage4 7ii7 ,pumped hydroelectric storage4 7iii7 ,mechanical storage4 7iv7 ,thermal storage4 7v7 ,compression storage4 7f7 ,scoping report 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a report that includes a scoping plan for the organization of the program4 7#b7 ,preparation of report ,in preparing the report under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall confer with1 and seek advice from1 public and private stakeholders1 such as the stakeholders described in subsection 7i74 7g7 ,annual report ,the ,secretary shall submit to ,congress an annual report that describes the progress of the program1 including-- 7#a7 a detailed summary of-- 7,a7 actions taken to address each goal listed in subsection 7b72 and 7,b7 the outcomes of those actions2 7#b7 the quantity of energy storage deployed2 7#c7 the administrative costs of the program2 7#d7 the total amount of program funds awarded1 including a description1 by ,state1 of the amount of funds awarded2 and 7#e7 a discussion of the efficacy of the program1 including discussion of the metrics described in subsection 7h74 7h7 ,metrics of success ,the ,secretary shall develop metrics for evaluating the performance of the program and the efficacy of the program in achieving the goals described in subsection 7b74 7i7 ,consultation ,in carrying out the activities under this section1 the ,secretary shall consult with stakeholders1 including-- 7#a7 other ,federal agencies1 including the ,federal ,energy ,regulatory ,commission2 7#b7 the ,national ,laboratories2 7#c7 ,states2 7#d7 tribal governments2 7#e7 units of local government2 7#f7 electric utilities1 such as investor-owned electric utilities1 publicly owned electric utilities1 and electric cooperatives2 7#g7 private companies1 including energy technology manufacturers2 7#h7 third-party energy service providers2 7#i7 institutions of higher education2 and 7#aj7 nonprofit organizations4 7j7 ,personal protections for sensitive personal data 7#a7 ,protecting ,privacy and ,security ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary1 the ,administrator of the ,energy ,information ,administration1 and the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security shall identify1 incorporate1 and follow best practices for protecting the privacy of individuals and businesses and the respective sensitive data of the individuals and businesses1 including by managing privacy risk and implementing the ,fair ,information ,practice ,principles of the ,federal ,trade ,commission for the collection1 use1 disclosure1 and retention of individual electric consumer information in accordance with the ,office of ,management and ,budget ,circular ,a-#acj 7or successor circulars74 7#b7 ,personal protections for sensitive personal data 7,a7 ,in general ,no ,federal entity shall request the creation1 recording1 or collection of data identified to an individual person as a result of the program4 7,b7 ,law enforcement requirements ,all law enforcement agencies intending to request access to data regarding electricity consumption or generation shall be required-- 7i7 to produce a probable cause warrant as a requirement for gaining access to the data2 and 7ii7 to publicly report on the annual number of requests by that law enforcement agency for the data4 7k7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #bbe1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbj2 7#b7 #bge1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#c7 #cbe1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#d7 #djj1jjj1jjj for fiscal years #bjbc through #bjbf2 7#e7 #cbe1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbg2 7#f7 #bge1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbh2 and 7#g7 #bbe1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbi4