,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #adia  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,may #ae1 #bjai,mrs4   
,murray 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,baldw91 ,mr4   
,blum5?al1 ,mr4 ,book]1 ,mr4 ,br[n1 ,mr4
 ,casey1 ,ms4 ,cortez ,ma/o1 ,mr4       
,durb91 ,mrs4 ,gillibr&1 ,ms4 ,h>ris1   
,mr4 ,k+1 ,ms4 ,klobu*>1 ,mr4 ,m>key1   
,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,mr4 ,re$1 ,mr4 ,s&]s1    
,mrs4 ,%ahe51 & ,ms4 ,w>r57 introduc$ ! 
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,heal?1 ,education1  
,labor1 & ,p5sions  ,a ,,bill  ,to      
prohibit =c$ arbitration 9 "w disputes1 
& = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is 
,act may be cit$ z ! ,re/or+ ,ju/ice =  
,work]s ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds
 ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,millions ( work]s are  
curr5tly =c$ to accept1 z a condition ( 
employm5t or "w1 contractual provisions 
t block _! access to ! c\rts or prohibit
 !m f jo9+ toge!r ) o!r work]s to seek  
jo9t1 class1 or collective relief =     
violations ( _! rights4 ,?is has l$ to  
widespread non5=cem5t ( work]s' rights &

 has p]mitt$ significant violations ( ^?
 rights to cont9ue unabat$4  7#b7 ,mo/  
work]s h little or no mean+ful *oice    
reg>d+ :e!r to accept ^! provisions4    
,(t51 work]s are n ev5 aw>e t !y h giv5 
up ! "r to seek rec\rse 9 c\rt or h     
waiv$ _! "r to jo9 o!r work]s 9 jo9t1   
class1 or collective actions4  7#c7 ,!  
,f$]al ,arbitration ,act 7n[ enact$ z   
*apt] #a ( title #i1 ,unit$ ,/ates      
,code7 0 int5d$ to cl>ify ! ability (   
comm]cial entities ( g5]ally simil>     
sophi/ication & b>ga9+ p[] to volunt>ily
 agree to use arbitration to resolve    
disputes betwe5 !m4 ,despite ?is        
congressional int5t1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates has int]pret$ ! ,f$]al  
,arbitration ,act s t x n[ ext5ds to "w 
disputes4  7#d7 ,! ,national ,labor     
,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aea et  
seq47 protects employees' "r to engage 9
 conc]t$ activities = ! purpose ( mutual
 aid or protection4 ,?is 0 int5d$ & long
 und]/ood to encompass employees' "r to 
collectively seek relief = violations ( 

_! workplace rights4 ,h[ev]1 contr>y to 
! pla9 text ( ! law & congressional     
int5t1 ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates1 9 ,epic ,sy/ems ,corp4 v4       
,lewis1 #ach ,s4 ,ct4 #afab 7#bjah71    
decid$ t employees may be =c$1 z a      
condition ( employm5t1 to waive _! "r to
 act collectively ) reg>d to employm5t  
actions4  7#e7 ,=c$ individual dispute  
resolution und]m9es work]s' rights &    
exac]bates ! inequality ( b>ga9+ p[]    
betwe5 work]s & employ]s because jo9+ a 
jo9t1 class1 or collective action is (t5
 ! only way work]s c af=d to seek relief
 = violations ( _! rights4  7#f7 ,work]s
 :o are =c$ to submit to individual     
dispute resolution (t5 seek no r$ress at
 all due to well-f\nd$ fe> (            
retaliation4  7#g7 ,protect+ ! rights ( 
work]s to individually or conc]t$ly seek
 relief = violations ( _! labor rights  
?r\gh appropriate =ums protects ! public
 int]e/ & safegu>ds comm]ce f injury4   
#c4 ,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is ,act are
 to-- 7#a7 prohibit pr$ispute           

arbitration agreem5ts t require         
arbitration ( "w disputes2  7#b7        
prohibit retaliation aga9/ work]s =     
refus+ to arbitrate "w disputes2  7#c7  
provide protections to ensure t         
po/dispute arbitration agreem5ts are    
truly volunt>y & ) ! in=m$ cons5t (     
work]s2 &  7#d7 am5d ! ,national ,labor 
,relations ,act to prohibit agreem5ts & 
practices t int]f]e ) employees' "r to  
engage 9 conc]t$ activity reg>d+ "w     
disputes4  #d4 ,protection ( conc]t$    
activity  7a7 ,agreem5ts ,section #h7;a7
 ( ! ,national ,labor ,relations ,act   
7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #aeh7;a77 is am5d$-- 7#a7
 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! 
end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#b7 by add+ at !  
end ! foll[+3  7#f7 7,a7 to ent] into or
 attempt to en=ce any agreem5t1 express 
or impli$1 :]eby prior to a dispute to  
:i* ! agreem5t applies1 an employee     
und]takes or promises n to pursue1 br+1 
jo91 litigate1 or support any k9d (     
jo9t1 class1 or collective claim aris+ f
 or relat+ to ! employm5t ( su* employee

 9 any =um t1 b = su* agreem5t1 is (    
compet5t jurisdiction2  7,b7 to co]ce   
su* an employee into und]tak+ or promis+
 n to pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1 or    
support any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or       
collective claim aris+ f or relat+ to ! 
employm5t ( su* employee2 or  7,c7 to   
retaliate or ?reat5 to retaliate aga9/  
an employee = refus+ to und]take or     
promise n to pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1
 or support any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or   
collective claim aris+ f or relat+ to ! 
employm5t ( su* employee3  ,provid$1 ,t 
any agreem5t t violates ?is p>agraph or 
results f a violation ( ?is p>agraph    
%all be to su* ext5t un5=ceable & void3 
,provid$ fur!r1 ,t ?is p>agraph %all n  
apply to any agreem5t embodi$ 9 or      
expressly p]mitt$ by a contract betwe5  
an employ] & a labor organization4  4   
7b7 ,con=m+ am5dm5t ,section #aj7;b7 ( !
 ,national ,labor ,relations ,act 7#bi  
,u4,s4,c4 #afj7;b77 is am5d$ by /rik+   
dis*>ge & ins]t+ dis*>ge1 or unless !   
p]son aggriev$ !reby is an employee     

alleg+ a violation ( section #h7;a77#f7 
^: *>ge involves a po/dispute           
arbitration agreem5t t meets !          
requirem5ts "u section #djb7;a77#b7 (   
title #i1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 or an    
agreem5t describ$ 9 section #djb7;a77#d7
 ( su* title t meets ! requirem5ts "u   
subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,d7 ( section  
#djb7;a77#b7 ( su* title1 9 :i* ev5t !  
six-mon? p]iod %all be comput$ f ! day !
 wait+ p]iod describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c7
 ( su* section ends4  #e4 ,arbitration (
 "w disputes  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,title #i ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #d ,arbitration ( ,"w 
,disputes  ,sec4 #dja4 ,def9itions4#djb4
 ,validity & en=ceability4  #dja4       
,def9itions ,9 ?is *apt]-- 7#a7 ! t]ms  
comm]ce1 employee1 & employ] h ! mean+s 
giv5 ! t]ms 9 section #c ( ! ,fair      
,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich 7#bi         
,u4,s4,c4 #bjc72  7#b7 ! t]m cov]$      
entity means-- 7,a7 an employ]2 or  7,b7
 an individual or entity t is n act+ z  
an employ] & engages ! s]vices ( a      

work]2  7#c7 ! t]m pr$ispute arbitration
 agreem5t means any agreem5t to         
arbitrate a dispute t _h n yet aris5 at 
! "t ( ! mak+ ( ! agreem5t2  7#d7 ! t]m 
po/dispute arbitration agreem5t means   
any agreem5t to arbitrate a dispute t   
arose be=e ! "t ( ! mak+ ( ! agreem5t2  
7#e7 ! t]m work] means-- 7,a7 an        
employee2 or  7,b7 an individual :o is  
engag$ by a cov]$ entity to p]=m s]vices
 or "w z an indep5d5t contractor        
7reg>dless ( ! label or classification  
assign$ or us$ by ! cov]$ entity72 &    
7#f7 ! t]m "w dispute-- 7,a7 means a    
dispute betwe5 "o or m work]s 7or _!    
au?oriz$ repres5tatives7 & a cov]$      
entity aris+ out ( or relat$ to ! "w    
relation%ip or prospective "w           
relation%ip betwe5 ! work]s & ! cov]$   
entity2 &  7,b7 includes1 b is n limit$ 
to-- 7i7 a dispute reg>d+ ! t]ms (1     
paym5t =1 adv]tis+ (1 recruitm5t (1     
ref]r+ (1 arrang+ =1 or discipl9e or    
dis*>ge 9 connection ) su* "w2  7ii7 a  
dispute aris+ "u any law ref]r$ to or   

describ$ 9 section #fb7;e7 ( ! ,int]nal 
,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf1 includ+ any "p ( 
su* a law n explicitly ref]5c$ 9 su*    
section t relates to protect+           
individuals on a basis t is protect$ "u 
a law ref]r$ to or describ$ 9 su*       
section2 &  7iii7 a dispute 9 :i* an    
individual or individuals seek          
c]tification-- 7,i7 z a class "u rule   
#bc ( ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,civil          
,proc$ure2  7,,ii7 z a collective action
 "u section #af7;b7 ( ! ,fair ,labor    
,/&>ds ,act ( #aich 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4      
#baf7;b772 or  7,,iii7 "u a comp>able   
rule or provision ( ,/ate law4  #djb4   
,validity & en=ceability  7a7 ,9 g5]al  
,not)/&+ any o!r *apt] ( ?is title--    
7#a7 no pr$ispute arbitration agreem5t  
%all be valid or en=ceable if x requires
 arbitration ( a "w dispute2  7#b7 no   
po/dispute arbitration agreem5t t       
requires arbitration ( a "w dispute %all
 be valid or en=ceable unless-- 7,a7 !  
agreem5t 0 n requir$ by ! cov]$ entity1 
obta9$ by co]cion or ?reat ( adv]se     

action1 or made a condition ( employm5t1
 "w1 or any employm5t-relat$ or         
"w-relat$ privilege or b5efit2  7,b7 ea*
 work] ent]+ into ! agreem5t 0 in=m$ 9  
writ+ us+ suffici5tly pla9 language     
likely to be und]/ood by ! av]age work] 
(-- 7i7 ! "r ( ! work] "u p>agraph 7#c7 
to refuse to ent] ! agreem5t )\t        
retaliation2 &  7ii7 ! protections "u   
section #h7;a77#f7 ( ! ,national ,labor 
,relations ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4          
#aeh7;a77#f772  7,c7 ea* work] ent]+    
into ! agreem5t ent]$ ! agreem5t aft] a 
wait+ p]iod ( n few] ?an #de days1      
beg9n+ on ! date on :i* ! work] 0       
provid$ bo? ! f9al text ( ! agreem5t & !
 disclosures requir$ "u subp>agraph     
7,b72 &  7,d7 ea* work] ent]+ into !    
agreem5t affirmatively cons5t$ to !     
agreem5t 9 writ+2  7#c7 no agreem5t %all
 be valid or en=ceable1 :]eby prior to a
 "w dispute to :i* ! agreem5t applies1 a
 work] und]takes or promises n to       
pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1 or support  
any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or collective    

claim aris+ f or relat+ to a "w dispute 
9 any =um t1 b = su* agreem5t1 is (     
compet5t jurisdiction2  7#d7 no agreem5t
 %all be valid or en=ceable1 :]eby aft] 
a "w dispute to :i* ! agreem5t applies  
arises1 a work] und]takes or promises n 
to pursue1 br+1 jo91 litigate1 or       
support any k9d ( jo9t1 class1 or       
collective claim aris+ f or relat+ to a 
"w dispute 9 any =um t1 b = su*         
agreem5t1 is ( compet5t jurisdiction1   
unless ! agreem5t meets ! requirem5ts ( 
p>agraph 7#b7 ( ?is subsection2 &  7#e7 
no cov]$ entity may retaliate or ?reat5 
to retaliate aga9/ a work] = refus+ to  
ent] into an agreem5t t provides =      
arbitration ( a "w dispute4  7b7 ,/atute
 ( limitations ,dur+ ! wait+ p]iod      
describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#b77;,c71 !   
/atute ( limitations = any claims t     
arise f or =m ! basis = ! applicable "w 
dispute %all be toll$4  7c7 ,civil      
action ,any p]son :o is injur$ by reason
 ( a violation ( subsection 7a77#e7 may 
br+ a civil action 9 ! appropriate      

di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ !  
cov]$ entity )9 #b ye>s ( ! violation1  
or )9 #c ye>s if su* violation is       
willful4 ,relief grant$ 9 su* an action 
%all include a reasonable attorney's    
fee1 o!r reasonable co/s associat$ )    
ma9ta9+ ! action1 & any appropriate     
relief au?oriz$ by section #gjf7;g7 ( ! 
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd 7#db        
,u4,s4,c4 #bjjj;e-#e7;g77 or by section 
#aigg;,a7b7 ( ! ,revis$ ,/atutes 7#db   
,u4,s4,c4 #aiha;a7b774  7d7             
,applicability  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,?is *apt]
 applies to cov]$ entities & work]s     
engag$ 9 activity affect+ comm]ce to !  
fulle/ ext5t p]mitt$ by ! ,con/itution (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! "w ( p]sons 
engag$ 9 dome/ic s]vice 9 h\seholds1 z  
describ$ 9 section #b7;a7 ( ! ,fair     
,labor ,/&>ds ,act ( #aich 7#bi         
,u4,s4,c4 #bjb7;a774 ,an issue z to :e!r
 ?is *apt] applies to an arbitration    
agreem5t %all be det]m9$ "u ,f$]al law4 
,! applicability ( ?is *apt] to an      
agreem5t to arbitrate & ! validity &    

en=ceability ( an agreem5t to :i* ?is   
*apt] applies %all be det]m9$ by a c\rt1
 r ?an an arbitrator1 reg>dless ( :e!r  
any contractual provision purports to   
delegate su* det]m9ations to !          
arbitrator & irrespective ( :e!r ! p>ty 
resi/+ arbitration *all5ges !           
arbitration agreem5t specifically or 9  
conjunction ) o!r t]ms ( ! contract     
conta9+ su* agreem5t4  7#b7 ,collective 
b>ga9+ agreem5ts ,no?+ 9 ?is *apt] %all 
apply to any arbitration provision 9 a  
contract betwe5 a cov]$ entity & a labor
 organization1 except t no su*          
arbitration provision %all h ! effect ( 
waiv+ ! "r ( a work] to seek judicial   
en=cem5t ( a "r aris+ "u a provision ( !
 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !      
con/itution ( a ,/ate1 or a ,f$]al or   
,/ate /atute1 or public policy aris+    
!refrom4  4  7b7 ,te*nical & con=m+     
am5dm5ts  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,title #i ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code is am5d$-- 7,a7 9   
section #a1 by /rik+ ( seam51 & all t   
foll[s ?r\gh int]/ate comm]ce2  7,b7 9  

section #b1 by ins]t+ or z o!rwise      
provid$ 9 *apt] #d be=e ! p]iod at !    
end2  7,c7 9 section #bjh-- 7i7 9 !     
section head+1 by /rik+ ,*apt] #a2      
residual application & ins]t+           
,application2 &  7ii7 by add+ at ! end !
 foll[+3 ,?is *apt] applies to ! ext5t t
 ?is *apt] is n 9 conflict ) *apt] #d42 
&  7,d7 9 section #cjg-- 7i7 9 ! section
 head+1 by /rik+ ,*apt] #a2 residual    
application & ins]t+ ,application2 &    
7ii7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 ,?is    
*apt] applies to ! ext5t t ?is *apt] is 
n 9 conflict ) *apt] #d44  7#b7 ,table (
 sections  7,a7 ,*apt] #b ,! table (    
sections = *apt] #b ( title #i1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! item  
relat+ to section #bjh & ins]t+ !       
foll[+3  #bjh4 ,application4  4  7,b7   
,*apt] #c ,! table ( sections = *apt] #c
 ( title #i1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is    
am5d$ by /rik+ ! item relat+ to section 
#cjg & ins]t+ ! foll[+3  #cjg4          
,application4  4  7#c7 ,table ( *apt]s  
,! table ( *apt]s = title #i1 ,unit$    

,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end 
! foll[+3  #d4;,arbitration ( "w        
disputes#dja4  4  #f4 ,effective date   
,?is ,act1 & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is     
,act1 %all take effect on ! date (      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act & %all apply )      
respect to any dispute or claim t arises
 or accrues on or aft] su* date1 includ+
 any dispute or claim to :i* an agreem5t
 pr$at+ su* date applies4