,,ii #aafth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #abja ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,april #aa1 #bjai,mr4 ,manchin 7for himself1 ,ms4 ,murkowski1 ,mrs4 ,capito1 ,mr4 ,cramer1 and ,mr4 ,daines7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources ,a ,,bill ,to amend the fossil energy research and development provisions of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje to enhance fossil fuel technology1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai4 #b4 ,establishment of coal and natural gas technology program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje is amended by striking section #ifb 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbib7 and inserting the following3 #ifb4 ,coal and natural gas technology program 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,large-scale pilot project ,the term large-scale pilot project means a pilot project that-- 7,a7 represents the scale of technology development beyond laboratory development and bench scale testing1 but not yet advanced to the point of being tested under real operational conditions at commercial scale2 7,b7 represents the scale of technology necessary to gain the operational data needed to understand the technical and performance risks of the technology before the application of that technology at commercial scale or in commercial-scale demonstration2 and 7,c7 is large enough-- 7i7 to validate scaling factors2 and 7ii7 to demonstrate the interaction between major components so that control philosophies for a new process can be developed and enable the technology to advance from large-scale pilot plant application to commercial-scale demonstration or application4 7#b7 ,net-negative carbon dioxide emissions technology ,the term net-negative carbon dioxide emissions technology means technology-- 7,a7 for thermochemical co-conversion of coal and biomass fuels that-- 7i7 uses a carbon capture system2 and 7ii7 with carbon dioxide removal1 the ,secretary determines can provide electricity1 fuels1 or chemicals with net-negative carbon dioxide emissions from production and consumption of the end products1 while removing atmospheric carbon dioxide2 and 7,b7 through which each use of coal will be combined with the use of a regionally indigenous form of biomass energy1 provided on a renewable basis1 that is sufficient in quantity to allow for net-negative emissions of carbon dioxide 7in combination with a carbon capture system71 while avoiding impacts on food production activities4 7#c7 ,program ,the term program means the program established under subsection 7b77#a74 7#d7 ,transformational technology 7,a7 ,in general ,the term transformational technology means a power generation technology that represents a significant change in the methods used to convert energy that will enable a step change in performance1 efficiency1 and cost of electricity as compared to the technology in existence on the date of enactment of the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai4 7,b7 ,inclusions ,the term transformational technology includes a broad range of technology improvements1 including-- 7i7 thermodynamic improvements in energy conversion and heat transfer1 including-- 7,i7 advanced combustion systems1 including oxygen combustion systems and chemical looping2 and 7,,ii7 the replacement of steam cycles with supercritical carbon dioxide cycles2 7ii7 improvements in steam or carbon dioxide turbine technology2 7iii7 improvements in carbon capture1 utilization1 and storage systems technology2 7iv7 improvements in small-scale and modular coal-fired technologies with reduced carbon output or carbon capture that can support incremental power generation capacity additions2 7v7 fuel cell technologies for low-cost1 high-efficiency1 fuel-flexible modular power systems2 7vi7 advanced gasification systems2 7vii7 thermal cycling technologies2 and 7viii7 any other technology the ,secretary recognizes as transformational technology4 7b7 ,coal and natural gas technology program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a coal and natural gas technology program to ensure the continued use of the abundant domestic coal and natural gas resources of the ,united ,states through the development of technologies that will significantly improve the efficiency1 effectiveness1 costs1 and environmental performance of coal and natural gas use4 7#b7 ,requirements ,the program shall include-- 7,a7 a research and development program2 7,b7 large-scale pilot projects2 7,c7 demonstration projects2 and 7,d7 a front-end engineering and design program4 7#c7 ,program goals and objectives ,in consultation with the interested entities described in paragraph 7#e77;,c71 the ,secretary shall develop goals and objectives for the program to be applied to the technologies developed within the program1 taking into consideration the following3 7,a7 ,increasing the performance of coal and natural gas plants1 including by-- 7i7 ensuring reliable1 low-cost power from new and existing coal and natural gas plants2 7ii7 achieving high conversion efficiencies2 7iii7 addressing emissions of carbon dioxide through high-efficiency platforms2 7iv7 developing small-scale and modular technologies to support incremental capacity additions and load following generation1 in addition to large-scale generation technologies2 7v7 supporting dispatchable operations for new and existing applications of coal and natural gas generation2 and 7vi7 accelerating the development of technologies that have transformational energy conversion characteristics4 7,b7 ,using carbon capture1 utilization1 and sequestration technologies to decrease the carbon dioxide emissions1 and the environmental impact from carbon dioxide emissions1 from new and existing coal and natural gas plants1 including by-- 7i7 accelerating the development of technologies to capture carbon dioxide emissions from new and existing coal and natural gas plants2 7ii7 accelerating the development of technologies to capture carbon dioxide emissions from industrial facilities1 including-- 7,i7 nontraditional fuel manufacturing facilities1 including ethanol or other biofuel production plants2 and 7,,ii7 energy-intensive manufacturing facilities that produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct of operations2 7iii7 supporting sites for safe geological storage of large volumes of anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide and the development of the infrastructure needed to support a carbon dioxide utilization and storage industry2 7iv7 improving the conversion1 utilization1 and storage of carbon dioxide produced from fossil fuels and other anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide2 7v7 lowering greenhouse gas emissions for all fossil fuel production1 generation1 delivery1 and use1 to the maximum extent practicable2 7vi7 developing carbon utilization technologies1 products1 and methods1 including carbon use and reuse for commercial application2 and 7vii7 developing net-negative carbon dioxide emissions technologies4 7,c7 ,decreasing the non-carbon dioxide relevant environmental impacts of coal and natural gas production1 including by-- 7i7 further reducing non-carbon dioxide air emissions2 and 7ii7 reducing the use1 and managing the discharge1 of water in power plant operations4 7,d7 ,examining methods of converting coal and natural gas to other valuable products and commodities in addition to electricity4 7#d7 ,cross-cutting direction for carbon capture1 utilization1 and sequestration activities ,the carbon capture1 utilization1 and sequestration activities described in paragraph 7#c77;,b7 shall be-- 7,a7 cross-cutting in nature2 and 7,b7 carried out by the ,assistant ,secretary for ,fossil ,energy1 in coordination with the heads of other relevant offices of the ,department1 including the ,director of the ,office of ,science and the ,assistant ,secretary for ,energy ,efficiency and ,renewable ,energy4 7#e7 ,consultations required ,in carrying out the program1 the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 undertake international collaborations1 taking into consideration the recommendations of the ,national ,coal ,council2 7,b7 use existing authorities to encourage international cooperation2 and 7,c7 consult with interested entities1 including-- 7i7 coal and natural gas producers2 7ii7 industries that use coal and natural gas2 7iii7 organizations that promote coal1 advanced coal1 and natural gas technologies2 7iv7 environmental organizations2 7v7 organizations representing workers2 and 7vi7 organizations representing consumers4 7c7 ,report 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai1 the ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a report describing the program goals and objectives adopted under subsection 7b77#c74 7#b7 ,update ,not less frequently than once every #b years after the initial report is submitted under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a report describing the progress made towards achieving the program goals and objectives adopted under subsection 7b77#c74 7d7 ,funding 7#a7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this section1 to remain available until expended-- 7,a7 for activities under the research and development program component described in subsection 7b77#b77;,a7-- 7i7 #bcj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbj and #bjba2 and 7ii7 #aej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbd2 7,b7 subject to paragraph 7#b71 for activities under the large-scale pilot projects program component described in subsection 7b77#b77;,b7-- 7i7 #cdg1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbj and #bjba2 7ii7 #bgb1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb and #bjbc2 and 7iii7 #bej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7,c7 for activities under the demonstration projects program component described in subsection 7b77#b77;,c7-- 7i7 #ajj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbj and #bjba2 and 7ii7 #ejj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbd2 and 7,d7 for activities under the front-end engineering and design program described in subsection 7b77#b77;,d71 #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbj through #bjbc4 7#b7 ,cost sharing for large-scale pilot projects ,activities under subsection 7b77#b77;,b7 shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of section #ihh7;b74 4 7b7 ,technical amendment ,the table of contents for the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #fjj7 is amended by striking the item relating to section #ifb and inserting the following3 ,sec4 #ifb4 ,coal and natural gas technology program4 4 #c4 ,carbon storage validation and testing 7a7 ,in general ,the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje is amended by striking section #ifc 7#db ,u4,s4 ,c4 #afbic7 and inserting the following3 #ifc4 ,carbon storage validation and testing 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,electric generation unit ,the term electric generation unit means an electric generation unit that-- 7,a7 uses coal- or natural gas-based generation technology2 and 7,b7 is capable of capturing carbon dioxide emissions from the unit4 7#b7 ,large-scale carbon sequestration ,the term large-scale carbon sequestration means a scale that demonstrates the ability to inject into geologic formations and sequester several million metric tons of carbon dioxide for not less than a #aj-year period4 7#c7 ,program ,the term program means the program established under subsection 7b77#a74 7b7 ,carbon storage program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a program of research1 development1 and demonstration for carbon storage4 7#b7 ,program activities ,activities under the program shall include-- 7,a7 in coordination with relevant ,federal agencies1 developing and maintaining mapping tools and resources that assess the capacity of geologic storage formation in the ,united ,states2 7,b7 developing monitoring tools1 modeling of geologic formations1 and analyses-- 7i7 to predict and verify carbon dioxide containment2 and 7ii7 to account for sequestered carbon dioxide in geologic storage sites2 7,c7 researching-- 7i7 potential environmental1 safety1 and health impacts in the event of a leak into the atmosphere or to an aquifer2 and 7ii7 any corresponding mitigation actions or responses to limit harmful consequences of such a leak2 7,d7 evaluating the interactions of carbon dioxide with formation solids and fluids1 including the propensity of injections to induce seismic activity2 7,e7 assessing and ensuring the safety of operations relating to geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide2 7,f7 determining the fate of carbon dioxide concurrent with and following injection into geologic formations2 and 7,g7 supporting cost and business model assessments to examine the economic viability of technologies and systems developed under the program4 7#c7 ,geologic settings ,in carrying out research activities under this subsection1 the ,secretary shall consider a variety of candidate geologic settings1 including-- 7,a7 operating oil and gas fields2 7,b7 depleted oil and gas fields2 7,c7 residual oil zones2 7,d7 unconventional reservoirs and rock types2 7,e7 unmineable coal seams2 7,f7 saline formations in both sedimentary and basaltic geologies2 7,g7 geologic systems that may be used as engineered reservoirs to extract economical quantities of brine from geothermal resources of low permeability or porosity2 and 7,h7 geologic systems containing in situ carbon dioxide mineralization formations4 7c7 ,large-,scale carbon sequestration demonstration program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a demonstration program under which the ,secretary shall provide funding for demonstration projects to collect and validate information on the cost and feasibility of commercial deployment of large-scale carbon sequestration technologies4 7#b7 ,existing regional carbon sequestration partnerships ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary may provide additional funding to regional carbon sequestration partnerships that are carrying out or have completed a large-scale carbon sequestration demonstration project under this section 7as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai7 for additional work on that project4 7#c7 ,demonstration components ,each demonstration project carried out under this subsection shall include longitudinal tests involving carbon dioxide injection and monitoring1 mitigation1 and verification operations4 7#d7 ,clearinghouse ,the ,national ,energy ,technology ,laboratory shall act as a clearinghouse of shared information and resources for-- 7,a7 existing or completed demonstration projects receiving additional funding under paragraph 7#b72 and 7,b7 any new demonstration projects funded under this subsection4 7#e7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that-- 7,a7 assesses the progress of all regional carbon sequestration partnerships carrying out a demonstration project under this subsection2 7,b7 identifies the remaining challenges in achieving large-scale carbon sequestration that is reliable and safe for the environment and public health2 and 7,c7 creates a roadmap for carbon storage research and development activities of the ,department through #bjbe1 with the goal of reducing economic and policy barriers to commercial carbon sequestration4 7d7 ,integrated storage program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary may establish a program to transition large-scale carbon sequestration demonstration projects under subsection 7c7 into integrated commercial storage complexes4 7#b7 ,goals and objectives ,the goals and objectives of the program described in paragraph 7#a7 shall be-- 7,a7 to identify geologic storage sites that are able to accept large volumes of carbon dioxide acceptable for commercial contracts2 7,b7 to understand the technical and commercial viability of carbon dioxide geologic storage sites2 and 7,c7 to carry out any other activities necessary to transition the large-scale carbon sequestration demonstration projects under subsection 7c7 into integrated commercial storage complexes4 7e7 ,cost sharing ,activities carried out under this section shall be subject to the cost-sharing requirements of section #ihh4 7f7 ,report on carbon dioxide capture contracting authority 7#a7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that-- 7,a7 describes the costs and benefits of entering into long-term binding contracts on behalf of the ,federal ,government with qualified parties to provide support for capturing carbon dioxide from electricity generated at an electric generation unit or carbon dioxide captured from an electric generation unit and sold to a purchaser for-- 7i7 the recovery of crude oil2 or 7ii7 other purposes for which a commercial market exists2 7,b7 contains an analysis of how the ,department would establish1 implement1 and maintain a contracting program described in subparagraph 7,a72 and 7,c7 outlines options for how contracts may be structured1 and regulations that would be necessary1 to implement a contracting program described in subparagraph 7,a74 7g7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #aje1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbj2 7#b7 #aaj1bej1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#c7 #aae1gfc1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#d7 #aba1eea1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 and 7#e7 #abg1fbh1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd4 4 7b7 ,technical amendment ,the table of contents for the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #fjj2 #aba ,stat4 #agjh7 is amended by striking the item relating to section #ifc and inserting the following3 ,sec4 #ifc4 ,carbon storage validation and testing4 4 #d4 ,carbon utilization program 7a7 ,carbon utilization program 7#a7 ,in general ,subtitle ,f of title ,,ix of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbia et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #ifi4 ,carbon utilization program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a program of research1 development1 and demonstration for carbon utilization-- 7#a7 to assess and monitor-- 7,a7 potential changes in lifecycle carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions2 and 7,b7 other environmental safety indicators of new technologies1 practices1 processes1 or methods used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery as part of the activities authorized under section #ifc2 7#b7 to identify and assess novel uses for carbon1 including the conversion of carbon dioxide for commercial and industrial products1 such as-- 7,a7 chemicals2 7,b7 plastics2 7,c7 building materials2 7,d7 fuels2 7,e7 cement2 7,f7 products of coal use in power systems or other applications2 or 7,g7 other products with demonstrated market value2 7#c7 to identify and assess carbon capture technologies for industrial systems2 and 7#d7 to identify and assess alternative uses for coal1 including products derived from carbon engineering1 carbon fiber1 and coal conversion methods4 7b7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #be1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbj2 7#b7 #bf1bej1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#c7 #bg1efb1ejj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#d7 #bh1idj1fbe for fiscal year #bjbc2 and 7#e7 #cj1chg1fef for fiscal year #bjbd4 4 7#b7 ,technical amendment ,the table of contents for the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #fjj7 is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to subtitle ,f of title ,,ix the following3 ,sec4 #ifi4 ,carbon utilization program4 4 7b7 ,study 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy shall enter into an agreement with the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine under which the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine shall conduct a study to assess any barriers and opportunities relating to commercializing carbon dioxide in the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,requirements ,the study under paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7,a7 analyze challenges to commercializing carbon dioxide1 including-- 7i7 expanding carbon dioxide pipeline capacity2 7ii7 mitigating environmental impacts2 7iii7 access to capital2 7iv7 geographic barriers2 and 7v7 regional economic challenges and opportunities2 7,b7 identify potential markets1 industries1 or sectors that may benefit from greater access to commercial carbon dioxide2 7,c7 assess-- 7i7 the state of infrastructure as of the date of the study2 and 7ii7 any necessary updates to infrastructure to allow for the integration of safe and reliable carbon dioxide transportation1 use1 and storage2 7,d7 describe the economic1 climate1 and environmental impacts of any well-integrated national carbon dioxide pipeline system1 including suggestions for policies that could-- 7i7 improve the economic impact of the system2 and 7ii7 mitigate impacts of the system2 7,e7 assess the global status and progress of chemical and biological carbon utilization technologies in practice as of the date of the study that utilize anthropogenic carbon1 including carbon dioxide1 carbon monoxide1 methane1 and biogas1 from power generation1 biofuels production1 and other industrial processes2 7,f7 identify emerging technologies and approaches for carbon utilization that show promise for scale-up1 demonstration1 deployment1 and commercialization2 7,g7 analyze the factors associated with making carbon utilization technologies viable at a commercial scale1 including carbon waste stream availability1 economics1 market capacity1 energy1 and lifecycle requirements2 7,h7 7i7 assess the major technical challenges associated with increasing the commercial viability of carbon reuse technologies2 and 7ii7 identify the research and development questions that will address the challenges described in clause 7i72 7,i7 7i7 assess research efforts being carried out as of the date of the study1 including basic1 applied1 engineering1 and computational research efforts1 that are addressing the challenges described in subparagraph 7,h77i72 and 7ii7 identify gaps in the research efforts under clause 7i72 and 7,j7 develop a comprehensive research agenda that addresses long- and short-term research needs and opportunities4 7#c7 ,deadline ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine shall submit to the ,secretary of ,energy a report describing the results of the study under paragraph 7#a74 #e4 ,carbon removal 7a7 ,in general ,subtitle ,f of title ,,ix of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbia et seq47 7as amended by section #d7;a77#a77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #ifi;,a4 ,carbon removal 7a7 ,establishment ,the ,secretary1 in coordination with the heads of appropriate ,federal agencies1 including the ,secretary of ,agriculture1 shall establish a research1 development1 and demonstration program 7referred to in this section as the program7 to test1 validate1 or improve technologies and strategies to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere on a large scale4 7b7 ,cross-,cutting direction ,the ,secretary shall ensure that the program-- 7#a7 is cross-cutting in nature2 and 7#b7 includes the coordinated participation of the ,office of ,fossil ,energy1 the ,office of ,science1 and the ,office of ,energy ,efficiency and ,renewable ,energy4 7c7 ,program activities ,the program may include research1 development1 and demonstration activities relating to-- 7#a7 direct air capture and storage technologies2 7#b7 bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration2 7#c7 enhanced geological weathering2 7#d7 agricultural and grazing practices2 7#e7 forest management and afforestation2 and 7#f7 planned or managed carbon sinks1 including natural and artificial4 7d7 ,requirements ,in developing and identifying carbon removal technologies and strategies under the program1 the ,secretary shall consider-- 7#a7 land use changes1 including impacts on natural and managed ecosystems2 7#b7 ocean acidification2 7#c7 net greenhouse gas emissions2 7#d7 commercial viability2 7#e7 potential for near-term impact2 7#f7 potential for carbon reductions on a gigaton scale2 and 7#g7 economic cobenefits4 7e7 ,air capture technology prize competition 7#a7 ,definitions ,in this subsection3 7,a7 ,dilute media ,the term dilute media means media in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is less than #a percent by volume4 7,b7 ,prize competition ,the term prize competition means the competitive technology prize competition established under paragraph 7#b74 7#b7 ,establishment ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,enhancing ,fossil ,fuel ,energy ,carbon ,technology ,act of #bjai1 the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency1 shall establish as part of the program a competitive technology prize competition to award prizes for carbon dioxide capture from dilute media4 7#c7 ,requirements ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,secretary1 in accordance with section #bd of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai71 shall develop requirements for-- 7,a7 the prize competition process2 and 7,b7 monitoring and verification procedures for projects selected to receive a prize under the prize competition4 7#d7 ,eligible projects ,to be eligible to be awarded a prize under the prize competition1 a project shall-- 7,a7 meet minimum performance standards set by the ,secretary2 7,b7 meet minimum levels set by the ,secretary for the capture of carbon dioxide from dilute media2 and 7,c7 demonstrate in the application of the project for a prize-- 7i7 a design for a promising carbon capture technology that will-- 7,i7 be operated on a demonstration scale2 and 7,,ii7 have the potential to achieve significant reduction in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere2 7ii7 a successful bench-scale demonstration of a carbon capture technology2 or 7iii7 an operational carbon capture technology on a commercial scale4 7f7 ,intraagency coordination ,the direct air capture activities carried out under subsections 7c77#a7 and 7e7 shall be carried out in coordination with1 and leveraging lessons learned from1 the coal and natural gas technology program established under section #ifb7;b77#a74 7g7 ,accounting ,the ,secretary shall collaborate with the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency and the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies to develop and improve accounting frameworks and tools to accurately measure carbon removal and sequestration methods and technologies across the ,federal ,government4 7h7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #de1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbj1 of which #ae1jjj1jjj shall be used to carry out subsection 7e72 7#b7 #ca1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjba2 7#c7 #cc1jge1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#d7 #cd1gbi1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 and 7#e7 #cf1dfe1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd4 4 7b7 ,technical amendment ,the table of contents for the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,stat4 #fjj7 7as amended by section #d7;a77#b77 is amended by adding at the end of the items relating to subtitle ,f of title ,,ix the following3 ,sec4 #ifi;,a4 ,carbon removal4 4 #f4 ,fossil energy ,section #ifa7;a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbia7;a77 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#f71 by inserting 1 including technology development to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and associated emissions of heavy metals within coal combustion residues and gas streams resulting from fossil fuel use and production before the period at the end2 and 7#b7 by striking paragraph 7#g7 and inserting the following3 7#g7 ,increasing the export of emissions control technologies from the ,united ,states for fossil energy-related equipment1 technology1 and services4 7#h7 ,developing carbon removal and utilization technologies1 products1 and methods that result in net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions1 including direct air capture and storage1 and carbon use and reuse for commercial application4 7#i7 ,improving the conversion1 use1 and storage of carbon dioxide produced from fossil fuels4 4