,,ii  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #ajci  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,april #d1 #bjai ,mr4  
,udall 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,paul1 ,mr4     
,durb91 ,mr4 ,leahy1 ,mrs4 ,fe9/e91 ,mr4
 ,s&]s1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,mr4 ,he9ri*1 ,mr4
 ,murphy1 ,mr4 ,m>key1 ,mr4 ,s*atz1 &   
,ms4 ,hirono7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2  
:i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,=eign ,relations  ,a     
,,bill  ,to limit ! use ( funds = k9etic
 milit>y op]ations 9 or aga9/ ,iran4    
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,prev5tion ( ,uncon/itutional ,w> )   
,iran ,act ( #bjai4  #b4 ,f9d+s         
,congress makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3  7#a7   
,article ,i1 ,section #h1 ( !           
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates grants   
,congress ! sole p[] to decl>e w>4  7#b7
 ,presid5t ,george ,wa%+ton1 9 a lett]  
to ,william ,m\ltrie dat$ ,augu/ #bh1   
#agic1 wrote t the con/itution ve/s !   
p[] ( decl>+ w> 9 ,congress2 !re=e no   
(f5sive exp$ition ( importance c be     
und]tak5 until aft] !y %all h delib]at$ 

^u ! subject & au?oriz$ su* a measure4  
7#c7 ,alex&] ,hamilton wrote 9          
,exam9ation ,numb] #a ( ! ,hamilton     
,pap]s1 dat$ ,decemb] #ag1 #ahja1 t the 
,congress %all h ! p[] to decl>e w>2 !  
pla9 mean+ ( :i* is1 t x is ! peculi> & 
exclusive duty ( ,congress1 :5 ! nation 
is at peace1 to *ange t /ate into a /ate
 ( w>4  7#d7 ,iran's support = t]rorism 
pres5ts a s]i\s ?reat to ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 & our allies 9 ! ,middle ,ea/1 ,europe1
 & ,asia4  7#e7 ,missile te/s by ,iran h
 l$ to escalat+ t5sions ) ,israel1      
,saudi ,arabia1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !    
,unit$ ,nations4  7#f7 ,iran has ?reat5$
 to %utd[n crucial m>itime l9es (       
communication1 putt+ ,unit$ ,/ates &    
int]national naval assets1 z well z     
global en]gy assets1 at risk4  7#g7     
,accord+ to ! intellig5ce assessm5ts ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,jo9t ,compreh5sive   
,plan ( ,action curtail$ enri*m5t &     
prev5t$ process+ ( fissile mat]ials by  
,iran to levels :i* w\ld preclude ,iran 
f develop+ a nucle> weapon4  7#h7 ,!    

,int]national ,atomic ,en]gy ,ag5cy has 
repeat$ly v]ifi$ t ,iran has cont9u$ to 
comply ) its nucle>-relat$ obligations z
 requir$ by ! ,jo9t ,compreh5sive ,plan 
( ,action4  7#i7 ,noncompliance by !    
,unit$ ,/ates ) ! ,jo9t ,compreh5sive   
,plan ( ,action risks an unnecess>y     
conflagration ) ,iran ?r\gh ! use (     
sanctions aga9/ bo? allies & adv]s>ies 9
 ! region & ?r\gh\t ! _w1 abs5t a cle>  
diplomatic pa? = resolv+ ! crisis4      
7#aj7 ,a w> ) ,iran w\ld also endang]   
,unit$ ,/ates assets1 p]sonnel1 & =eign 
policy objectives ?r\gh\t ! region1     
includ+ 9 ,iraq1 ,afghani/an1 & ,israel4
  7#aa7 ,presid5t ,trump tweet$ t ,iran 
will suff] consequ5ces ! likes ( :i* few
 ?r\gh\t hi/ory h ev] suff]$ be=e4      
7#ab7 ,loose talk ( w> & bellig]5t      
rhetoric increases ! risk (             
miscalculation by ei!r side & unsettles 
,unit$ ,/ates allies4  7#ac7 ,section   
#b7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s ,resolution 7#ej   
,u4,s4,c4 #aeda7;c77 /ates t the        
con/itutional p[]s ( ! ,presid5t z      

,comm&]-9-,*ief to introduce ,unit$     
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces into ho/ilities1 or  
into situations :]e imm95t involvem5t 9 
ho/ilities is cle>ly indicat$ by !      
circum/ances1 are ex]cis$ only pursuant 
to 7#a7 a decl>ation ( w>1 7#b7 specific
 /atutory au?orization1 or 7#c7 a       
national em]g5cy creat$ by attack ^u !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 its t]ritories or        
possessions1 or its arm$ =ces4  #c4     
,limitation on use ( funds = k9etic     
milit>y op]ations 9 or aga9/ ,iran  7a7 
,9 g5]al ,no funds may be us$ = k9etic  
milit>y op]ations 9 or aga9/ ,iran      
except pursuant to an ,act or jo9t      
resolution ( ,congress specifically     
au?oriz+ su* use t is enact$ aft] ! date
 ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7b7          
,exceptions ,! limitation 9 subsection  
7a7 %all n apply to ! foll[+3 7#a7      
,k9etic milit>y op]ations 9 response to 
an imm95t ?reat to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z   
o!rwise au?oriz$ by applicable /atutes &
 jo9t resolutions4  7#b7 ,! introduction
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces into     

ho/ilities 9 ord] to repel a sudd5      
attack on ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its          
t]ritories or possessions1 or its ,arm$ 
,=ces4  7#c7 ,! deploym5t ( ,unit$      
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces to rescue or remove  
,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s or p]sonnel4  7c7 
,rule ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section 
may be con/ru$ to relieve ! ,executive  
,bran* ( re/rictions on ! use ( =ce or  
report+ requirem5ts set =? 9 ! ,w> ,p[]s
 ,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aeda et    
seq474