,h4 ,,res4 #ieh  ,9 ! ,h\se (           
,repres5tatives1 ,u4 ,s41  ,decemb] #c1 
#bjbj  ,,resolution  ,:]eas ! "r to     
lib]ty & security ( a p]son & !         
protection f arbitr>y imprisonm5t are   
among ! pr9cipal human rights gu>ante$  
by ,article #i ( ! ,int]national        
,cov5ant on ,civil & ,political ,rights1
 ,article #bc ( ! ,conclud+ ,docum5t ( !
 ,vi5na ,meet+ ( ! ,conf]5ce on         
,security & ,coop]ation 9 ,europe1 &    
,article #e ( ! ,european ,conv5tion on 
,human ,rights2 ,:]eas ! ,russian       
,f$]ation1 z memb] ( ! ,unit$ ,nations1 
! ,organization = ,security &           
,coop]ation 9 ,europe 7,,osce71 & !     
,c\ncil ( ,europe1 is b\nd by           
int]national commitm5ts ) reg>d to human
 rights & ! rule ( law2 ,:]eas1 on      
,octob] #c1 #bjab1 ! ,p>liam5t>y        
,assembly ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,europe adopt$  
,resolution #aijj 7#bjab7 :i* def9$     
anyone ^: det5tion has be5 impos$ 9     
violation ( "o ( ! fundam5tal gu>antees 
set out 9 ! ,european ,conv5tion on     

,human ,rights & its ,protocols & is !  
result ( proce$+s :i* 7 cle>ly unfair & 
''' appe>s to be connect$ ) political   
motives ( ! au?orities z a political    
prison]2 ,:]eas bas$ on ! crit]ia ( !   
,p>liam5t>y ,assembly ( ! ,c\ncil (     
,europe ,resolution #aijj 7#bjab71 !    
,memorial ,human ,rights ,c5t]1 a       
,russian nongov]nm5tal organization1    
e/imates t !re are curr5tly m ?an #cjj  
political prison]s 9 ! ,russian         
,f$]ation1 a six-fold increase s9ce     
#bjae2 ,:]eas ! ,memorial ,human ,rights
 ,c5t] li/ ( ,russian political prison]s
 includes j\rnali/s1 civil society      
activi/s1 human rights advocates1       
p>ticipants ( peaceful organizations1 & 
,ukra9ian citiz5s f illegally annex$    
,crimea2 ,:]eas ! ,russian ,f$]ation's  
longe/-deta9$ political prison]1 ,alexey
 ,pi*ug91 has be5 inc>c]at$ s9ce ,june  
#ai1 #bjjc1 9 violation ( two rul+s by !
 ,european ,c\rt ( ,human ,rights & !   
op9ion by ! ,unit$ ,nations ,work+ ,gr\p
 on ,arbitr>y ,det5tion2 ,:]eas         

inve/igative j\rnali/ & =m] editor ( !  
indep5d5t newspap] ,noviye ,kolyosa1    
,igor ,rudnikov 0 held 9 pretrial       
det5tion f ,novemb] #a1 #bjag1 until    
,june #ag1 #bjai1 on alleg$ extortion   
*>ges1 :i* 7 lat] dropp$ by ! c\rt2     
,:]eas ,igor ,rudnikov's det5tion &     
*>ges 7 criticiz$ by ! ,,osce           
,repres5tative on ,fre$om ( ! ,m$ia &   
,report]s )\t ,bord]s1 call+ !m cle>ly  
trump$-up & an act ( political rev5ge1  
respectively2 ,:]eas opposition activi/ 
,kon/ant9 ,kotov 0 s5t5c$ to #a4e ye>s  
imprisonm5t on ,april #bj1 #bjbj1 =     
p>ticipat+ 9 peaceful demon/rations1 9 a
 rul+ ,amne/y ,int]national has describ$
 z a pr(\nd inju/ice2 ,:]eas ,ana/asia  
,%ev*5ko1 an activi/ 9 ! ,op5 ,russia   
movem5t1 has be5 held "u h\se arre/ s9ce
 ,janu>y #bc1 #bjai1 on ! *>ge ( belong+
 to an undesirable organization & has   
be5 designat$ by ,amne/y ,int]national z
 a prison] ( consci5ce2 ,:]eas ,yuri    
,dmitriev1 a lead] ( ,memorial          
,society's bran* 9 ! ,republic ( ,k>elia

 region ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation :o has   
work$ to docum5t mass burial sites f    
,/al9-era executions1 has be5 held 9    
det5tion s9ce ,june #bh1 #bjah1 on *>ges
 ( *ild pornography t ,human ,rights    
,wat* has describ$ z bogus & "p ( an    
ongo+ sme> campaign1 & 0 s5t5c$ to #ac  
ye>s 9 prison on ,septemb] #bi1 #bjbj2  
,:]eas ,d5nis ,*ri/5s51 a ,jehovah's    
,witness & a ,dani% citiz51 0 s5t5c$ to 
#f ye>s' imprisonm5t on ,febru>y #f1    
#bjai1 9 a decision condemn$ by ! ,unit$
 ,/ates ,commission on ,int]national    
,religi\s ,fre$om z "p ( ! broad] patt]n
 ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t engag+ 9 or     
tol]at+ sev]e violations ( religi\s     
fre$om2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #aj1 #bjbj1 
#g activi/s f ,russia's ,p5za ,obla/ 7  
s5t5c$ to t]ms ( #f to #ah ye>s = alleg$
 memb]%ip 9 a t]rori/ gr\p foll[+ a     
det5tion m>k$ by torture1 ill-treatm5t  
to extract confessions1 & p]iods held   
incommunicado2 ,:]eas ,human ,rights    
,wat* describ$ ! case z an example ( !  
,russian au?orities abus+ c\nt]t]rorism 

laws to sil5ce critics & d5y fundam5tal 
human rights2 ,:]eas1 on ,augu/ #f1     
#bjbj1 a c\rt 9 ,mosc[ s5t5c$ sev5      
activi/s to betwe5 f\r ye>s susp5d$ &   
sevem ye>s 9 prison = p>ticipat+ 9 an   
alleg$ extremi/ organization1 ,! ,new   
,greatness1 aft] an inve/igation m>k$ by
 ! use ( provocateurs1 torture1         
ill-treatm5t1 & =c$ confessions1 9 :at !
 ,memorial ,human ,rights ,c5t] & !     
,mosc[ ,hels9ki ,gr\p h describ$ z a    
politically motivat$ case aim$ at       
suppress+ ! fre$om ( expression2 ,:]eas1
 on ,june #ah1 #bjai1 ! ,dep>tm5t (     
,/ate affirm$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is      
deeply conc]n$ by ! gr[+ numb] (        
individuals ''' id5tifi$ by cr$ible     
human rights organizations z political &
 religi\s prison]s held by ! ,gov]nm5t (
 ! ,russian ,f$]ation & call$ on !      
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation to     
release all ^? id5tifi$ z political or  
religi\s prison]s imm$iately & cease its
 use ( ! legal sy/em to suppress diss5t 
& peaceful religi\s practice2 ,:]eas1 on

 ,janu>y #bh1 #bjbj1 #dc p>liam5t>ians f
 #af ,european c\ntries introduc$ a     
,resolution 9 ! ,p>liam5t>y ,assembly ( 
! ,c\ncil ( ,europe to appo9t a         
rapporteur to exam9e ! gr[+ crisis )    
politically motivat$ imprisonm5ts 9 !   
,russian ,f$]ation2 & ,:]eas1 on ,june  
#bi1 #bjbj1 ! ,p>liam5t>y ,assembly ( ! 
,c\ncil ( ,europe's ,legal ,affairs     
,committee appo9t$ ,icel&ic lawmak]     
,?orhildur ,sunna ,aev>sdottir to s]ve z
 ! rapporteur on political prison]s 9   
,russia3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t ! ,h\se ( 
,repres5tatives-- 7#a7 condemns !       
practice ( politically motivat$         
imprisonm5t 9 ! ,russian ,f$]ation t    
violates ! c\ntry's int]national        
obligations on human rights & ! rule (  
law & expresses its solid>ity ) all ^?  
unju/ly imprison$ 9 ! ,russian          
,f$]ation2  7#b7 calls on ! ,gov]nm5t ( 
! ,russian ,f$]ation to imm$iately      
release individuals designat$ by !      
,memorial ,human ,rights ,c5t] z        
political prison]s "u ! crit]ia ( !     

,p>liam5t>y ,assembly ( ! ,c\ncil (     
,europe ,resolution #aijj 7#bjab71      
includ+ ,alexey ,pi*ug91 ,kon/ant9      
,kotov1 ,ana/asia ,%ev*5ko1 ,yuri       
,dmitriev1 & ,d5nis ,*ri/5s52  7#c7     
urges ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 9 all  
its int]actions ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( !       
,russian ,f$]ation1 to raise individual 
cases ( ,russian political prison]s &   
advocate = _! release2 &  7#d7 calls on 
! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & ! ,secret>y ( !   
,treasury to use _! au?ority "u ! ,s]gei
 ,magnitsky ,rule ( ,law ,acc\ntability 
,act ( #bjab 7title ,,iv ( ,public ,law 
#aab-bjh71 ! ,global ,magnitsky ,human  
,rights ,acc\ntability ,act 7subtitle ,f
 ( title ,,xii ( ,public ,law #aad-cbh71
 & o!r applicable ,unit$ ,/ates /atutory
 au?orities to designate (ficials ( !   
,gov]nm5t ( ! ,russian ,f$]ation :o are 
responsible = human rights abuses 9 ! =m
 ( politically motivat$ imprisonm5t4    
,cl]k4