,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,res4 #hfi  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #bg1         
#bjbj,mr4 ,gre5 ( ,texas 7= himself1    
,mr4 ,c>son ( ,indiana1 ,ms4 ,wild1 ,mr4
 ,espaillat1 ,mrs4 ,beatty1 ,mr4        
,ri*mond1 ,mr4 ,bi%op ( ,georgia1 ,mr4  
,danny ,k4 ,davis ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4      
,co/a1 ,ms4 ,moore1 ,mr4 ,david ,scott (
 ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,scott ( ,virg9ia1 ,mr4 
,br5dan ,f4 ,boyle ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 
,payne1 ,mr4 ,jeffries1 ,mr4 ,br[n (    
,m>yl&1 ,mr4 ,trone1 ,mrs4 ,hayes1 ,mr4 
,veasey1 ,mr4 ,ha/+s1 ,ms4 ,bass1 ,ms4  
,wat]s1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,l[5?al1 ,mr4
 ,?ompson ( ,mississippi1 ,mr4 ,smi? (  
,wa%+ton1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,mr4 ,s>banes1   
,ms4 ,wilson ( ,florida1 & ,ms4 ,ca/or (
 ,florida7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2
 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on        
,ov]sight & ,re=m  ,,resolution         
,recogniz+ & celebrat+ ! significance ( 
,black ,hi/ory ,mon?4  ,:]eas ! !me =   
,black ,hi/ory ,mon? #bjbj is ,african  
,am]icans & ! ,vote1 :i* emphasizes !   

lessons we h le>n$ f ! /ruggle = vot+   
rights = ,african-,am]ican m5 & wom51 & 
! cont9u$ *all5ges !y face 9 ex]cis+ t  
"r2 ,:]eas ,african-,am]ican m5 fir/    
obta9$ ! "r to vote foll[+ ! ,civil ,w> 
) ! ratification ( ! #ae? ,am5dm5t to ! 
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahgj2 
,:]eas ?is ye> m>ks ! #aej? anniv]s>y ( 
! ratification ( ! #ae? ,am5dm5t2 ,:]eas
 ! #ae? ,am5dm5t /ates t ! "r ( citiz5s 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote %all n be d5i$
 or abridg$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates or by any
 ,/ate on acc\nt ( race1 color1 or      
previ\s condition ( s]vitude2 ,:]eas    
foll[+ ! ratification ( ! #ae? ,am5dm5t1
 _m ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\?1 enact$ 
poll taxes1 lit]acy te/s1 & o!r means ( 
dis5fran*is+ ,african ,am]icans2 ,:]eas 
wom5 ( all e?nicities ga9$ ! "r to vote 
9 #aibj :5 ! #ai? ,am5dm5t to !         
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0        
ratifi$2 ,:]eas ?is ye> m>ks ! c5t5nial 
( ! ratification ( ! #ai? ,am5dm5t2     
,:]eas ! #ai? ,am5dm5t /ates t ! "r (   
citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to vote %all n

 be d5i$ or abridg$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
or by any ,/ate on acc\nt ( sex2 ,:]eas1
 9 #aife1 ne>ly a c5tury aft] !         
ratification ( ! #ae? ,am5dm5t1 ! ,vot+ 
,rights ,act ( #aife 0 sign$ into law2  
,:]eas ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife     
prohibit$ ! use ( lit]acy te/s & provid$
 = ,f$]al ov]sight ( vot] regi/ration 9 
areas :]e less ?an #ej p]c5t ( !        
non-,:ite population _h n regi/]$ to    
vote1 among o!r provisions2 ,:]eas !    
,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife also requir$ 
jurisdictions ) a hi/ory ( vot]         
suppression to obta9 precle>ance f !    
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t = any new vot+ practice
 or proc$ure2 ,:]eas1 9 #aifi1 #d ye>s  
aft] ! enactm5t ( ! ,vot+ ,rights ,act (
 #aife1 #fa p]c5t ( nationwide vot]-age 
,african ,am]icans 7 regi/]$ to vote1 up
 sub/antially f ! pre-#aife level ( #bc 
p]c5t nationally2 ,:]eas1 9 #bjac1 !    
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 !   
case ,%elby ,c\nty1 ,alabama v4 ,hold]1 
invalidat$ ! precle>ance provision ( !  
,vot+ ,rights ,act ( #aife2 ,:]eas1 s9ce

 #bjac1 ,/ates t 7 previ\sly subject to 
precle>ance h enact$ /rict vot]         
id5tification requirem5ts1 re/rict$     
opportunities = p to regi/] to vote1    
r$uc$ e>ly or abs5tee vot+1 & made x    
h>d] to re/ore vot+ rights to p )       
crim9al convictions2 ,:]eas1 9 #ahgj1   
,s5ator ,hiram ,revels ( ,mississippi & 
,congressman ,joseph ,ra9ey ( ,s\?      
,c>ol9a became ! fir/ ,african ,am]icans
 to s]ve 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,congress2   
,:]eas ,s5ator ,edw>d ,brooke ,,iii     
became ! fir/ ,african ,am]ican popul>ly
 elect$ to ! ,s5ate & ! fir/ ,black     
politician f ,massa*usetts to s]ve 9    
,congress1 & prior to be+ elect$ to !   
,s5ate1 he 0 ! fir/ ,african-,am]ican   
attorney g5]al ( any ,/ate 9 #aifb2     
,:]eas ,s5ator ,brooke's election end$  
an #he-ye> abs5ce ( ,african-,am]ican   
,s5ators & he repres5t$ ,massa*usetts 9 
! ,s5ate f #aifg to #aigi1 & dur+ 8     
s5atorial c>e]1 he co-wrote ! ,civil    
,rights ,act ( #aifh1 :i* prohibit$     
discrim9ation 9 h\s+2 ,:]eas ,judge     

,frank ,m9is ,johnson1 ,jr41 s]v$ on !  
,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,fif?
 ,circuit1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (        
,appeals = ! ,elev5? ,circuit1 & !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,middle
 ,di/rict ( ,alabama1 & 9 ea* capacity1 
,judge ,johnson c\rage\sly work$ to     
advance ! con/itutional pr9ciples (     
fre$om & equality2 ,:]eas ! insight &   
con/itutional judgm5t ( ,judge ,johnson 
7 invaluable & aid$ ! ,supreme ,c\rt z x
 recogniz$ ! violations & inju/ices 9   
our ,nation dur+ ! civil rights movem5t1
 & )\t ,judge ,johnson's judici\s       
temp]am5t1 con/itutional m9dset1 &      
d$ication to rule ( law1 ! civil rights 
movem5t w\ld h be5 at a great           
disadvantage2 ,:]eas ,african ,am]icans 
9 all walks ( life h made significant   
contributions ?r\gh\t ! hi/ory ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ?r\gh !-- 7#a7   
music ( ,l\is ,arm/rong1 ,*uck ,b]ry1   
,james ,br[n1 ,ray ,*>les1 ,john        
,coltrane1 ,miles ,davis1 ,duke         
,ell+ton1 ,ella ,fitzg]ald1 ,billie     

,holiday1 ,mahalia ,jackson1 ,francis   
,johnson1 ,pr9ce1 & ,bessie ,smi?2  7#b7
 writ+s ( ,maya ,angel\1 ,james ,baldw91
 ,w4,e4,b4 ,du ,bois1 ,ralph ,ellison1  
,alex ,haley1 ,lang/on ,hughes1 ,zora   
,neale ,hur/on1 ,toni ,morrison1 ,alice 
,walk]1 ,book] ,t4 ,wa%+ton1 & ,ri*>d   
,wright2  7#c7 publications ( ! ,nor?   
,/>1 ! ,crisis ,magaz9e1 ,ebony         
,magaz9e1 ,jet ,magaz9e1 ,ess5ce        
,magaz9e1 ,black ,ent]prise ,magaz9e1 ! 
,national ,association ( ,black         
,j\rnali/s 7,,nabj71 ,si/] #b ,si/]     
,magaz9e1 & ,upt[n ,magaz9e2  7#d7      
resolve ( a?letes su* z ,muhammad ,ali1 
,ar?ur ,a%e1 ,al!a ,gibson1 ,lebron     
,james1 ,mi*ael ,jordan1 ,col9          
,kaep]nick1 ,joe ,l\is1 ,jesse ,ow5s1   
,fr$]ick ,fritz ,poll>d1 ,jackie        
,rob9son1 ,wilma ,rudolph1 ,bill        
,russell1 ,v5us ,williams1 & ,s]5a      
,williams2  7#e7 sci5tific advancem5ts (
 ,b5jam9 ,bannek]1 ,george ,wa%+ton     
,c>v]1 ,george ,crum1 ,*>les ,drew1     
,s>ah ,goode1 ,euphemia ,l(ton ,haynes1 

,mae ,jemison1 ,?omas ,j5n+s1 ,ka!r9e   
,johnson1 ,norb]t ,rillieux1 ,neil      
de,grasse ,tyson1 & ,granville ,t4      
,woods2  7#f7 vision ( lead]s su* z ,m>y
 ,mc,leod ,be?une1 ,%irley ,*i%olm1     
,fr$]ick ,d\glass1 ,fr$ ,hampton1 ,m>%a 
,p4 ,johnson1 ,m>t9 ,lu!r ,k+1 ,jr41    
,?urgood ,m>%all1 ,huey ,newton1 &      
,malcolm ,x2 &  7#g7 brav]y ( ^? :o /ood
 on ! front l9es 9 ! battle aga9/       
oppression1 su* z ,soj\rn] ,tru?1       
,fannie ,l\ ,hamm]1 & ,rosa ,p>ks2      
,:]eas ,negro ,hi/ory ,week repres5t$ ! 
culm9ation ( ,dr4 ,c>t] ,g4 ,woodson's  
ef=ts to enhance k ( ,black hi/ory />t$ 
?r\gh ! ,j\rnal ( ,negro ,hi/ory1       
publi%$ by ,woodson's ,association = !  
,/udy ( ,african ,am]ican ,life &       
,hi/ory2 ,:]eas ! mon? ( ,febru>y is    
(ficially celebrat$ z ,black ,hi/ory    
,mon?1 :i* dates to #aibf :5 ,dr4 ,c>t] 
,g4 ,woodson set aside a special p]iod (
 "t 9 ,febru>y to recognize ! h]itage & 
a*ievem5t ( ,black ,am]icans2 & ,:]eas !
 bir?days ( ,abraham ,l9coln & ,fr$]ick 

,d\glass inspir$ ! creation ( ,negro    
,hi/ory ,week1 ! precursor to ,black    
,hi/ory ,mon?3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x #a4     
,%ort title ,?is resolution may be cit$ 
z ! ,orig9al ,black ,hi/ory ,mon?       
,resolution ( #bjbj4  #b4 ,recogniz+ &  
celebrat+ ! significance ( ,black       
,hi/ory ,mon? ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives
 recognizes ! importance ( commemorat+  
,black ,hi/ory ,mon? z x ackn[l$ges !   
a*ievem5ts ( ,african ,am]icans ?r\gh\t 
our ,nation's hi/ory & enc\rages !      
cont9uation ( its celebration to raise !
 aw>5ess ( ?is community's accompli%m5ts
 = all ,am]icans4