,,iv #aafth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,,res4 #hfi ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,february #bg1 #bjbj,mr4 ,green of ,texas 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,carson of ,indiana1 ,ms4 ,wild1 ,mr4 ,espaillat1 ,mrs4 ,beatty1 ,mr4 ,richmond1 ,mr4 ,bishop of ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,danny ,k4 ,davis of ,illinois1 ,mr4 ,costa1 ,ms4 ,moore1 ,mr4 ,david ,scott of ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,scott of ,virginia1 ,mr4 ,brendan ,f4 ,boyle of ,pennsylvania1 ,mr4 ,payne1 ,mr4 ,jeffries1 ,mr4 ,brown of ,maryland1 ,mr4 ,trone1 ,mrs4 ,hayes1 ,mr4 ,veasey1 ,mr4 ,hastings1 ,ms4 ,bass1 ,ms4 ,waters1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,lowenthal1 ,mr4 ,thompson of ,mississippi1 ,mr4 ,smith of ,washington1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,mr4 ,sarbanes1 ,ms4 ,wilson of ,florida1 and ,ms4 ,castor of ,florida7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,oversight and ,reform ,,resolution ,recognizing and celebrating the significance of ,black ,history ,month4 ,whereas the theme for ,black ,history ,month #bjbj is ,african ,americans and the ,vote1 which emphasizes the lessons we have learned from the struggle for voting rights for ,african-,american men and women1 and the continued challenges they face in exercising that right2 ,whereas ,african-,american men first obtained the right to vote following the ,civil ,war with the ratification of the #aeth ,amendment to the ,constitution of the ,united ,states in #ahgj2 ,whereas this year marks the #aejth anniversary of the ratification of the #aeth ,amendment2 ,whereas the #aeth ,amendment states that the right of citizens of the ,united ,states to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the ,united ,states or by any ,state on account of race1 color1 or previous condition of servitude2 ,whereas following the ratification of the #aeth ,amendment1 many ,states1 particularly in the ,south1 enacted poll taxes1 literacy tests1 and other means of disenfranchising ,african ,americans2 ,whereas women of all ethnicities gained the right to vote in #aibj when the #aith ,amendment to the ,constitution of the ,united ,states was ratified2 ,whereas this year marks the centennial of the ratification of the #aith ,amendment2 ,whereas the #aith ,amendment states that the right of citizens of the ,united ,states to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the ,united ,states or by any ,state on account of sex2 ,whereas1 in #aife1 nearly a century after the ratification of the #aeth ,amendment1 the ,voting ,rights ,act of #aife was signed into law2 ,whereas the ,voting ,rights ,act of #aife prohibited the use of literacy tests and provided for ,federal oversight of voter registration in areas where less than #ej percent of the non-,white population had not registered to vote1 among other provisions2 ,whereas the ,voting ,rights ,act of #aife also required jurisdictions with a history of voter suppression to obtain preclearance from the ,federal ,government for any new voting practice or procedure2 ,whereas1 in #aifi1 #d years after the enactment of the ,voting ,rights ,act of #aife1 #fa percent of nationwide voter-age ,african ,americans were registered to vote1 up substantially from the pre-#aife level of #bc percent nationally2 ,whereas1 in #bjac1 the ,supreme ,court of the ,united ,states1 in the case ,shelby ,county1 ,alabama v4 ,holder1 invalidated the preclearance provision of the ,voting ,rights ,act of #aife2 ,whereas1 since #bjac1 ,states that were previously subject to preclearance have enacted strict voter identification requirements1 restricted opportunities for people to register to vote1 reduced early or absentee voting1 and made it harder to restore voting rights to people with criminal convictions2 ,whereas1 in #ahgj1 ,senator ,hiram ,revels of ,mississippi and ,congressman ,joseph ,rainey of ,south ,carolina became the first ,african ,americans to serve in the ,united ,states ,congress2 ,whereas ,senator ,edward ,brooke ,,iii became the first ,african ,american popularly elected to the ,senate and the first ,black politician from ,massachusetts to serve in ,congress1 and prior to being elected to the ,senate1 he was the first ,african-,american attorney general of any ,state in #aifb2 ,whereas ,senator ,brooke's election ended an #he-year absence of ,african-,american ,senators and he represented ,massachusetts in the ,senate from #aifg to #aigi1 and during his senatorial career1 he co-wrote the ,civil ,rights ,act of #aifh1 which prohibited discrimination in housing2 ,whereas ,judge ,frank ,minis ,johnson1 ,jr41 served on the ,united ,states ,court of ,appeals for the ,fifth ,circuit1 ,united ,states ,court of ,appeals for the ,eleventh ,circuit1 and the ,united ,states ,district ,court for the ,middle ,district of ,alabama1 and in each capacity1 ,judge ,johnson courageously worked to advance the constitutional principles of freedom and equality2 ,whereas the insight and constitutional judgment of ,judge ,johnson were invaluable and aided the ,supreme ,court as it recognized the violations and injustices in our ,nation during the civil rights movement1 and without ,judge ,johnson's judicious temperament1 constitutional mindset1 and dedication to rule of law1 the civil rights movement would have been at a great disadvantage2 ,whereas ,african ,americans in all walks of life have made significant contributions throughout the history of the ,united ,states1 including through the-- 7#a7 music of ,louis ,armstrong1 ,chuck ,berry1 ,james ,brown1 ,ray ,charles1 ,john ,coltrane1 ,miles ,davis1 ,duke ,ellington1 ,ella ,fitzgerald1 ,billie ,holiday1 ,mahalia ,jackson1 ,francis ,johnson1 ,prince1 and ,bessie ,smith2 7#b7 writings of ,maya ,angelou1 ,james ,baldwin1 ,w4,e4,b4 ,du ,bois1 ,ralph ,ellison1 ,alex ,haley1 ,langston ,hughes1 ,zora ,neale ,hurston1 ,toni ,morrison1 ,alice ,walker1 ,booker ,t4 ,washington1 and ,richard ,wright2 7#c7 publications of the ,north ,star1 the ,crisis ,magazine1 ,ebony ,magazine1 ,jet ,magazine1 ,essence ,magazine1 ,black ,enterprise ,magazine1 the ,national ,association of ,black ,journalists 7,,nabj71 ,sister #b ,sister ,magazine1 and ,uptown ,magazine2 7#d7 resolve of athletes such as ,muhammad ,ali1 ,arthur ,ashe1 ,althea ,gibson1 ,lebron ,james1 ,michael ,jordan1 ,colin ,kaepernick1 ,joe ,louis1 ,jesse ,owens1 ,frederick ,fritz ,pollard1 ,jackie ,robinson1 ,wilma ,rudolph1 ,bill ,russell1 ,venus ,williams1 and ,serena ,williams2 7#e7 scientific advancements of ,benjamin ,banneker1 ,george ,washington ,carver1 ,george ,crum1 ,charles ,drew1 ,sarah ,goode1 ,euphemia ,lofton ,haynes1 ,mae ,jemison1 ,thomas ,jennings1 ,katherine ,johnson1 ,norbert ,rillieux1 ,neil de,grasse ,tyson1 and ,granville ,t4 ,woods2 7#f7 vision of leaders such as ,mary ,mc,leod ,bethune1 ,shirley ,chisholm1 ,frederick ,douglass1 ,fred ,hampton1 ,marsha ,p4 ,johnson1 ,martin ,luther ,king1 ,jr41 ,thurgood ,marshall1 ,huey ,newton1 and ,malcolm ,x2 and 7#g7 bravery of those who stood on the front lines in the battle against oppression1 such as ,sojourner ,truth1 ,fannie ,lou ,hammer1 and ,rosa ,parks2 ,whereas ,negro ,history ,week represented the culmination of ,dr4 ,carter ,g4 ,woodson's efforts to enhance knowledge of ,black history started through the ,journal of ,negro ,history1 published by ,woodson's ,association for the ,study of ,african ,american ,life and ,history2 ,whereas the month of ,february is officially celebrated as ,black ,history ,month1 which dates to #aibf when ,dr4 ,carter ,g4 ,woodson set aside a special period of time in ,february to recognize the heritage and achievement of ,black ,americans2 and ,whereas the birthdays of ,abraham ,lincoln and ,frederick ,douglass inspired the creation of ,negro ,history ,week1 the precursor to ,black ,history ,month3 ,now1 therefore1 be it #a4 ,short title ,this resolution may be cited as the ,original ,black ,history ,month ,resolution of #bjbj4 #b4 ,recognizing and celebrating the significance of ,black ,history ,month ,the ,house of ,representatives recognizes the importance of commemorating ,black ,history ,month as it acknowledges the achievements of ,african ,americans throughout our ,nation's history and encourages the continuation of its celebration to raise the awareness of this community's accomplishments for all ,americans4