,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,h4 ,,res4 #heg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #ac1         
#bjbj,mr4 ,calv]t 7= himself1 ,mr4      
,visclosky1 ,mr4 ,p5ce1 ,mr4 ,gallagh]1 
,mr4 ,b]gman1 ,mr4 ,taylor1 ,mr4 ,cook1 
& ,mr4 ,gallego7 submitt$ ! foll[+      
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 & 9 addition to !   
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 = a p]iod
 to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1
 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su*        
provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! 
committee conc]n$  ,,resolution         
,recogniz+ ! #ge? anniv]s>y ( !         
amphibi\s l&+ on ! ,japanese isl& ( ,iwo
 ,jima dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii & ! rais+s ( ! 
flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ,m\nt         
,suriba*i4  ,:]eas1 foll[+ ! surprise   
attack by ,japanese =ces on ,decemb] #g1
 #aida1 at ,pe>l ,h>bor1 ,hawaii1 !     
,unit$ ,/ates =mally decl>$ w> on !     
,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t ( ,japan on ,decemb] 
#h1 #aida2 ,:]eas dur+ ! f\r ye>s t     
foll[$ ! attack1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & alli$

 =ces f\ght a prolong$ c\nt]attack aga9/
 ,japanese advances across ! ,pacific   
region2 ,:]eas ! tactic ( attack+1      
defeat+1 & controll+ ,japanese-held     
outpo/s ?r\gh ! use ( amphibi\s assault 
l&+s aga9/ ,japanese-held isl&s &       
t]ritories 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z  
isl& hopp+7 became crucial to           
successfully c\nt]+ ,japanese advances  
?r\gh\t ! ,pacific region2 ,:]eas ! goal
 ( ?is isl& hopp+ 0 to secure airfields 
& supply bases-- 7#a7 9 ord] to laun*   
a]ial bomb>dm5t attacks aga9/ ! ma9l& ( 
,japan us+ ! new ,boe+ ,b-#bi           
,sup]=tress2 &  7#b7 9 prep>ation =1 & 9
 anticipation (1 a ,unit$ ,/ates        
invasion ( ,japan2 ,:]eas1 by e>ly      
#aide1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & alli$ =ces     
bravely f\ght & advanc$ to ! isl& ( ,iwo
 ,jima1 an #h-squ>e-mile volcanic isl& )
 #c /rategic airfields1 locat$ betwe5 ! 
,m>iana ,isl&s & ,japan2 ,:]eas ,iwo    
,jima 0-- 7#a7 a /rategic isl& )        
airfields to support bomb]s ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates ) fight] escorts2 &  7#b7 an     

ess5tial base = em]g5cy1 refuel+1 &     
div]sion>y l&+s = ,b-#bi bomb]s2 ,:]eas1
 "u ! comm& ( ,japanese ,lieut5ant      
,g5]al ,tadami*i ,kuribaya%i1 ,iwo ,jima
 0 a heavily =tifi$ isl& ) ne>ly #aa    
miles ( und]gr\nd & network$ tunnels1   
rooms1 bunk]s1 artill]y emplacem5ts1    
ammunition dumps1 & pillboxes support+ m
 ?an #ba1jjj ,japanese soldi]s2 ,:]eas1 
on ,febru>y #ai1 #aide1 "u ! lead]%ip ( 
,unit$ ,/ates ,navy #e? ,fleet ,admiral 
,raymond ,a4 ,spruance & ,unit$ ,/ates  
,m>9e ,corps ,v ,amphibi\s ,corps ,major
 ,g5]al ,h>ry ,s*midt1 ) #c;d ,division 
,major ,g5]al ,graves ,b4 ,ersk9e1 #d?  
,division ,major ,g5]al ,clifton ,cates1
 & #e? ,division ,major ,g5]al ,kell]   
,e4 ,rockey1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates laun*$ an  
amphibi\s l&+ & assault on ,iwo ,jima t 
culm9at$ ) ! engagem5t ( m ?an #gj1jjj  
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps1  
buttress$ by ?\s&s ( memb]s ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,navy & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army    
s]v+ z assault1 g>rison1 & support =ces 
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z ! ,battle ( 

,iwo ,jima72 ,:]eas ! ,m>9es :o f\ght 9 
! ,battle ( ,iwo ,jima ov]came num]\s   
disadvantages 9 ! #cf-;day battle t     
includ$ trea*]\s t]ra91 unfavorable     
wea!r conditions1 & heavy enemy fire f  
an emb$d$1 det]m9$1 & fi]ce ,japanese   
fight+ =ce 9 places immortaliz$ by      
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps1  
includ+ ! ,meat ,gr9d] & ,bloody ,gorge2
 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #bc1 #aide1 only #e
 days into ! ,battle ( ,iwo ,jima1      
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps   
asc5d$ ! highe/ po9t on ! isl&1 ,m\nt   
,suriba*i1 & rais$ ! flag ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates two sep>ate times1 & ! second    
flag rais+ result$ 9 ! iconic1 ,pulitz] 
,prize-w9n+ image t-- 7#a7 0 captur$ on 
film by photograph] ,joe ,ros5?al2  7#b7
 has become a recogniz$ symbol (        
det]m9ation1 p]sev]ance1 & /ruggle2 &   
7#c7 has be5 memorializ$ z ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,m>9e ,corps ,w> ,memorial 9     
,arl+ton1 ,virg9ia2 ,:]eas ! ,battle (  
,iwo ,jima1 "o ( ! bloodie/ battles 9 ! 
hi/ory ( ! ,m>9e ,corps1 result$ 9 m ?an

 #bf1jjj ,am]ican casualties1 includ+ m 
?an #f1hjj kill$2 ,:]eas mo/ ( ! m ?an  
#bj1jjj e/imat$ ,japanese soldi]s t     
f\ght 9 ! ,battle ( ,iwo ,jima 7 kill$1 
) only approximately #a1jhc ,japanese   
soldi]s surviv+ at ! conclusion ( !     
campaign2 ,:]eas ! ,battle ( ,iwo ,jima 
l$ to #bb memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e
 ,corps & #e memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,navy receiv+ ! ,m$al ( ,honor1         
repres5t+-- 7#a7 ! mo/ ,m>9es ev] to    
receive ! highe/ milit>y decoration 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates = a s+le battle2 &  7#b7 m
 ?an a qu>t] ( all memb]s ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates ,m>9e ,corps to receive !        
decoration dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii2 ,:]eas !  
secur$ airfields on ,iwo ,jima became   
em]g5cy l&+ locations = #b1djj ,b-#bi   
,bomb]s1 sav+ ! lives ( an e/imat$      
#bd1jjj flight crewm52 ,:]eas1 #afj days
 aft] ! end & victory ( ! pivotal       
,battle ( ,iwo ,jima1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
receiv$ ! unconditional surr5d] ( ,japan
 on ,septemb] #b1 #aide2 ,:]eas ! _w    
owes a debt ( gratitude to ! ,m>9es :o  

selflessly l$ ! fight = ! /rategic isl& 
( ,iwo ,jima 9 ! middle ( ! ,pacific    
!at]2 & ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #bh1 #bjbj1 !   
#ge? anniv]s>y ( ! ,battle ( ,iwo ,jima 
w be m>k$ by commemorative ev5ts on !   
isl& ( ,iwo ,jima1 organiz$ by ! p ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x
 ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives-- 7#a7    
recognizes ! #ge? anniv]s>y ( !         
amphibi\s l&+ on ! ,japanese isl& ( ,iwo
 ,jima t began on ,febru>y #ai1 #aide1 &
 end$ on ,m>* #bf1 #aide2  7#b7         
commemorates ! iconic & hi/oric rais+s (
 ! flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates on ,m\nt      
,suriba*i t occurr$ on ,febru>y #bc1    
#aide2  7#c7 honors ! ,m>9es1 sailors1  
soldi]s1 army air crew1 & coa/ gu>dsm5  
:o f\ght bravely on ,iwo ,jima1 includ+ 
! ?\s&s ( ,japanese soldi]s :o def5d$ ! 
isl&2  7#d7 rememb]s & v5]ates !        
s]vicememb]s :o gave _! la/ full measure
 ( devotion on ! battlefield2  7#e7     
recognizes t ! ,alli$ victory 9 !       
,battle ( ,iwo ,jima-- 7,a7 0 l$ by !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps2 &  7,b7 made

 possible ! defeat ( ! ,empire ( ,japan 
9 ,_w ,w> ,,ii2  7#f7 affirms ! immortal
 words ( ,admiral ,*e/] ,nimitz1 :o /at$
 t uncommon valor 0 a common virtue ( ^?
 s]vicememb]s :o f\ght on ,iwo ,jima2   
7#g7 reaffirms ! bonds ( fri5d%ip betwe5
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,japan2  7#h7        
enc\rages ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to honor
 ! vet]ans ( ! ,battle ( ,iwo ,jima )   
appropriate programs1 c]emonies1 &      
activities2 &  7#i7 honors ! s]vice &   
sacrifice ( ! m5 & wom5 :o s]ve ! ,unit$
 ,/ates today1 c>ry+ on ! pr\d tradition
 ( ! individuals :o came be=e !m4