,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #ff  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(      
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #bb1 #bjai,mr4
 ,scott ( ,virg9ia 7= himself & ,mr4    
,nadl]7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2   
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !       
,judici>y1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee 
on ,education & ,labor1 = a p]iod to be 
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,,resolution  ,express+ ! s5se 
( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives reg>d+ !    
obligation ( ! ,(fice = ,civil ,rights (
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education & ! ,civil    
,rights ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,ju/ice to en=ce title ,,vi ( ! ,civil  
,rights ,act ( #aifd & its implem5t+    
regulations1 & express+ ! s5se ( ! ,h\se
 ( ,repres5tatives reg>d+ ! obligation (
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban           
,developm5t to build inclusive &        
su/a9able communities free f            
discrim9ation1 & = o!r purposes4        
,:]eas1 #fd ye>s ago1 9 ! case ( ,br[n  

v4 ,bo>d ( ,education ( ,topeka1        
,kansas1 a unanim\s ,supreme ,c\rt held 
t segregat$ s*ool sy/ems bas$ on race   
are inh]5tly unequal & violate ! #ad?   
,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution2 ,:]eas      
,congress pass$ ! ,civil ,rights ,act ( 
#aifd1 9 "p1 to address ,massive        
,resi/ance1 a collection ( ,/ate laws   
pass$ 9 response to ! ,br[n decision t  
aggressively tri$ to =e/all & prev5t    
s*ool integration1 & ! ,decl>ation (    
,con/itutional ,pr9ciples 7kn[n         
colloquially z ! ,s\!rn ,manife/o7 sign$
 on ,m>* #ab1 #aief1 by ,memb]s ( !     
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,s5ate1 t   
attack$ ! decision & oppos$ integrat$   
s*ools2 ,:]eas title ,,vi ( t law       
prohibits programs & activities t       
receive ,f$]al funds f discrim9at+ bas$ 
on race1 color1 or national orig92      
,:]eas =m] ,presid5t ,john ,f4 ,k5n$y   
eloqu5tly expla9$ ! ne$ = title ,,vi by 
/at+ t simple ju/ice requires t public  
funds1 to :i* all taxpay]s ( all races  
contribute1 n be sp5t 9 any fa%ion :i*  

enc\rages1 entr5*es1 subsidizes1 or     
results 9 racial discrim9ation4 ,direct 
discrim9ation by ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local
 gov]nm5ts is prohibit$ by !            
,con/itution4 ,b1 indirect              
discrim9ation1 ?r\gh ! use ( ,f$]al     
funds1 is j z invidi\s2 & x %\ld n be   
necess>y to resort to ! c\rts to prev5t 
ea* individual violation42 ,:]eas title 
,,vi requires policies & practices to be
 develop$ & adm9i/]$ 9 a mann] t does n 
int5tionally discrim9ate aga9/ /ud5ts on
 ! basis ( race1 color1 or national     
orig91 & t does n h ! effect ( subject+ 
individuals to discrim9ation because (  
_! race1 color1 or national orig91 or   
''' ( defeat+ or sub/antially impair+   
accompli%m5t ( ! objectives ( ! program 
z respects individuals ( a p>ticul>     
race1 color1 or national orig942 ,:]eas 
racial discrim9ation 9 ! public s*ool   
sy/ems nationwide cont9ues to p]si/1 z  
exemplifi$ by--  7#a7 a rec5t appellate 
c\rt decision hold+ t a ,:ite           
community's attempt to sec$e f a        

majority ,black ,alabama s*ool di/rict 0
 racially discrim9atory 9 violation ( ! 
,con/itution2 &  7#b7 a rec5t ,dep>tm5t 
( ,education ,(fice = ,civil ,rights    
resolution ( a compla9t fil$ aga9/      
,durham ,public ,s*ools 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a 
reg>d+ discrim9ation aga9/ ,black /ud5ts
 & /ud5ts ) disabilities 9 ! application
 ( s*ool discipl9e requir+ ,durham      
,public ,s*ools to take actions to end  
discrim9atory discipl9e practices2      
,:]eas rec5t reports by ! ,gov]nm5t     
,acc\ntability ,(fice & o!r national    
education advocacy organizations detail 
racial disp>ities 9 ! ,nation's         
education sy/ems1 includ+ t--  7#a7 !   
p]c5tage ( s*ools t are isolat$ by      
pov]ty & race increas$ f #i p]c5t dur+ !
 #bjjj-bjja s*ool ye> to #af p]c5t dur+ 
! #bjac-bjad s*ool ye>2  7#b7           
high-pov]ty s*ools t are majority ,black
 & ,lat9o are less likely to (f] a range
 ( ma? c\rses1 & su* lack ( access is   
l9k$ to l[] completion rates = high]    
level ma? & sci5ce c\rses 9 high s*ool1 

:i* are critical compon5ts ( prep>+     
/ud5ts = college & c>e]s2  7#c7 only #ab
 p]c5t ( /ud5ts took ,advanc$ ,placem5t 
c\rses at high-pov]ty s*ools t are      
majority ,black & ,lat9o & (f] su*      
c\rses1 comp>$ to #bd p]c5t ( all /ud5ts
 9 l[-pov]ty s*ools ) l[] ,black &      
,lat9o enrollm5t2  7#d7 /ud5ts ( color  
on av]age h l[] enrollm5t 9 prek9d]g>t5 
programs1 & att5d l[] quality           
prek9d]g>t5 programs1 ?an _! ,:ite pe]s2
  7#e7 ,black /ud5ts are                
disproportionately exclud$ f s*ool1     
beg9n+ z e>ly z pres*ool1 & /ud5ts :o   
are susp5d$ are m likely to fail a      
grade1 drop out ( s*ool1 & become       
involv$ 9 ! juv5ile ju/ice sy/em2  7#f7 
) few exceptions1 ,black /ud5ts1 boys1 &
 /ud5ts ) disabilities exp]i5ce         
disp>ities 9 ! adm9i/ration ( s*ool     
discipl9e1 reg>dless ( ! type (         
discipl9>y action1 pov]ty level ( !     
s*ool1 or type ( public s*ool att5d$2 & 
7#g7 rese>* sugge/s t implicit          
biases--/]eotypes or unconsci\s         

associations t p1 includ+ tea*]s & o!r  
s*ool /aff1 hold ab\t o!r p--are a      
contribut+ factor to ^! discipl9e       
disp>ities because !y cause s*ool /aff  
to judge /ud5ts diff]5tly bas$ on _!    
race2  ,:]eas disp>ate impact analysis  
is an ess5tial tool to combat           
discrim9ation across o!r areas ( !      
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd2 ,:]eas !   
,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy 7,,epa7
 has ackn[l$g$ t ! disproportionate     
placem5t ( indu/rial pollut]s 9         
l[-income & m9ority neighborhoods 9     
,fl9t1 ,mi*igan1 is discrim9atory1 &    
:]eas ! entirety ( ! environm5tal ju/ice
 movem5t is premis$ on a disp>ate impact
 analysis2 ,:]eas ,f$]al appellate c\rts
 h det]m9$ t violations ( title ,,viii (
 ! ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifh1 also    
kn[n z ! ,fair ,h\s+ ,act 7,,fha71 may  
be e/abli%$ ?r\gh ! disp>ate impact !ory
 ( liability2 ,:]eas1 9 ,texas ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,h\s+ & ,community ,affairs v4       
,inclusive ,communities ,project1 !     
,supreme ,c\rt held t disp>ate impact   

claims are cognizable "u ! ,,fha1 )     
,ju/ice ,k5n$y writ+1 ,recognition (    
disp>ate-impact claims is also consi/5t 
) ! c5tral purpose ( ! ,,fha1 :i*1 l    
,title ,,vii & ! ,,adea1 0 enact$ to    
eradicate discrim9atory practices )9 a  
sector ( ! ,nation's economy4 ,suits    
t>get+ unlawful zon+ laws & o!r h\s+    
re/rictions t unfairly exclude m9orities
 f c]ta9 neighborhoods )\t suffici5t    
ju/ification are at ! he>tl& (          
disp>ate-impact liability4 '''          
,recognition ( disp>ate-impact liability
 "u ! ,,fha plays an important role 9   
uncov]+ discrim9atory int5t3 x p]mits   
pla9tiffs to c\nt]act unconsci\s        
prejudices & disguis$ animus t escape   
easy classification z disp>ate          
treatm5t42 ,:]eas ! ,(fice = ,civil     
,rights ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education & !  
,civil ,rights ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t (
 ,ju/ice are *>g$ ) en=c+ title ,,vi &  
its regulations1 :i* prohibit bo?       
int5tional discrim9ation & un9t5tional  
discrim9ation result+ f policies &      

practices t h a discrim9atory effect1 or
 disp>ate impact1 on /ud5ts bas$ on     
race1 color1 or national orig92 ,:]eas  
racial discrim9ation cases decid$ "u    
title ,,viii ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act (  
#aifh & title ,,vii ( ! ,civil ,rights  
,act ( #aifd provide guidance on h[ to  
analyze int5tional discrim9ation &      
un9t5tional discrim9ation bas$ ^u       
disp>ate impact claims br\ght "u title  
,,vi2 ,:]eas ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ &      
,urban ,developm5t's ,(fice ( ,fair     
,h\s+ & ,equal ,opportunity is *>g$ )   
adm9i/ration ( ! ,,fha1 & has promulgat$
 rules to cl>ify ! application (        
disp>ate impact to ,,fha cases2 ,:]eas !
 ,,epa's ,ext]nal ,civil ,rights        
,compliance ,(fice 7,,ecrco7 7=m]ly     
,(fice ( ,civil ,rights 7,,ocr771 )9 !  
,(fice ( ,g5]al ,c\nsel1 is *>g$ ) en=c+
 civil rights "u title ,,vi & s9ce #aigc
 has prohibit$ recipi5ts ( ,,epa        
f9ancial assi/ance f tak+ actions 9 _!  
programs or activities t are            
int5tionally discrim9atory &_/or h a    

discrim9atory effect2 ,:]eas ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,transportation's ,(fice ( ,civil    
,rights is responsible = ensur+ t       
recipi5ts ( ,f$]al funds f t ag5cy      
conduct _! f$]ally assi/$ programs &    
activities 9 a nondiscrim9atory mann] 9 
compliance ) title ,,vi2 ,:]eas ! ,(fice
 = ,civil ,rights = ! ,(fice ( ,ju/ice  
,programs 7,,ojp7 ( ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,ju/ice 7,,doj7 ensures t recipi5ts (   
f9ancial assi/ance f ,,ojp comply )     
,f$]al antidiscrim9ation laws1 includ+  
title ,,vi2 ,:]eas a ,,doj memo 0       
rec5tly leak$ to ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ 9 :i*  
s5ior ,civil ,rights ,division (ficials 
7 direct$ to exam9e h[ decades-old      
disp>ate impact regulations might be    
*ang$ or remov$ ''' & :at ! impact might
 be2 ,:]eas ! ,wa%+ton ,po/ reports t   
simil> directives to elim9ate           
regulations us+ disp>ate impact analysis
 are be+ consid]$ at ! ,dep>tm5t (      
,education & are already und]way at !   
,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,developm5t2 
,:]eas ,f$]al ag5cies "u bo? ,democratic

 & ,republican adm9i/rations h a hi/ory 
( br++ title ,,vi disp>ate impact       
claims2 & ,:]eas ! ,supreme ,c\rt's     
decision 9 ,alex&] v4 ,s&oval ov]turn$  
f\r decades ( /atutory protections aga9/
 discrim9ation by elim9at+ an impli$    
private "r ( action "u title ,,vi to    
*all5ge disp>ate impact1 leav+ ,f$]al   
ag5cies z ! only entities t c br+       
disp>ate impact claims3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x
  ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives-- 7#a7   
reaffirms t ! orig9al int5t ( ! ,civil  
,rights ,act ( #aifd 0 to broadly       
prohibit all =ms ( discrim9ation by     
provid+ = bo? ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t &      
private attorneys g5]al to br+ cases "u 
causes ( action to en=ce aga9/ bo?      
disp>ate treatm5t & disp>ate impact2    
7#b7 reaffirms its commitm5t to ensur+ t
 ! elem5t>y1 second>y1 & college        
educational sy/ems ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
prep>e all /ud5ts = successful c>e]s1   
reg>dless ( _! race1 color1 or national 
orig92  7#c7 reaffirms its commitm5t to 
ensur+ t all communities are inclusive1 

su/a9able1 & free f discrim9ation2  7#d7
 recognizes t ! ,(fice = ,civil ,rights 
( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 ! ,civil    
,rights ,division & ,(fice ( ,ju/ice    
,programs ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,developm5t1 
! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy1 &   
o!r ,f$]al ag5cies h an obligation to   
en=ce title ,,vi ( ! ,civil ,rights ,act
 ( #aifd & its implem5t+ regulations2   
7#e7 expects ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 !
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 & o!r ,f$]al      
ag5cies to en=ce title ,,vi ( ! ,civil  
,rights ,act ( #aifd & its implem5t+    
regulations1 z !y h done 9 ! pa/ "u     
,democratic & ,republican adm9i/rations1
 us+ all legal !ories includ+ disp>ate  
treatm5t & disp>ate impact1 giv5 ! gr[+ 
evid5ce t racial discrim9ation 9        
education1 h\s+1 & o!r aspects ( public 
life cont9ue to adv]sely impact         
individuals & communities2  7#f7 w hold 
ov]sight he>+s to ensure t ! ,dep>tm5t (
 ,education1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 !   
,dep>tm5t ( ,h\s+ & ,urban ,developm5t1 

! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy1 &   
o!r ,f$]al ag5cies en=ce title ,,vi ( ! 
,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd & its       
implem5t+ regulations1 includ+ en=cem5t 
) respect to un9t5tional discrim9ation  
result+ f policies & practices t h a    
discrim9atory effect1 or disp>ate       
impact1 on individuals & communities    
bas$ on race1 color1 or national orig92 
&  7#g7 w consid] legislation t         
ackn[l$ges & reaffirms ! orig9al int5t (
 ! ,civil ,rights ,act ( #aifd & !      
orig9al int5t to prohibit all =ms (     
discrim9ation & discrim9atory effects1  
includ+ ,h4,r4 #bdhf 7#aae? ,congress71 
! ,equity & ,inclusion ,en=cem5t ,act1 a
 bill t re/ores ! title ,,vi private "r 
( action 9 cases involv+ disp>ate       
impact1 creates title ,,vi monitors to  
ensure t e s*ool has at lea/ "o employee
 responsible = inve/igat+ any compla9ts 
( discrim9ation bas$ on race1 color1 or 
national orig91 & creates a position (  
,assi/ant ,secret>y 9 ! ,dep>tm5t (     
,education to coord9ate & promote title 

,,vi en=cem5t ( equity & inclusion 9    
education4