,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #fbd  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #h1 #bjai ,ms4
 ,norton submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2  
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !       
,judici>y  ,,resolution  ,express+ !    
s5se ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t !    
ju/ices ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt
 %\ld make !mselves subject to ! exi/+ &
 op]ative e?ics guidel9es set out 9 !   
,code ( ,conduct = ,unit$ ,/ates        
,judges1 or %\ld promulgate _! own code 
( conduct4  ,:]eas section #dee ( title 
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 e/abli%es !   
circum/ances "u :i* any ju/ice1 judge1  
or magi/rate judge ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
%all disqualify himself or h]self f a   
case2 ,:]eas "u *apt] #af ( title #bh1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code 7relat+ to compla9ts
 aga9/ judges & judicial discipl9e71 !  
judicial circuits may prescribe rules & 
proc$ures = ! conduct ( proce$+s "u t   
*apt]1 includ+ reg>d+ compla9t1         
inve/igative1 & review proc$ures = c]ta9
 decisions ( judges & magi/rate judges (

 ! ,unit$ ,/ates n to recuse !mselves f 
cases2 ,:]eas litigants c seek legal    
rec\rse ?r\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts to  
en=ce section #dee ( title #bh1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 & *all5ge ! disposition ( 
! und]ly+ case1 & compla9ants h         
adm9i/rative proc$ures "u *apt] #af (   
title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 aga9/ a 
judge or magi/rate judge ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates1 b !re are no comp>able en=cem5t 
me*anisms aga9/ ! ju/ices ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,judicial ,conf]5ce ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates adopt$ a ,code ( ,conduct
 = ,unit$ ,/ates ,judges1 :i* uses      
language id5tical to ! relevant portion 
( section #dee ( title #bh1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 t a judge or magi/rate    
judge ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ abide by :5 
decid+ :e!r to recuse himself or h]self 
f a case1 b ! ,code does n apply to a   
ju/ice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt2
 ,:]eas ju/ices ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates       
,supreme ,c\rt are n b\nd by any writt5 
code ( conduct2 ,:]eas ju/ices ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ea* h      

unreviewable au?ority to det]m9e :e!r   
!re is an appe>ance ( bias1 conflict (  
int]e/1 or o!r e?ical ju/ification      
suffici5t = )drawal f he>+1 p>tak+ 9    
delib]ations 91 or jo9+ 9 ! resolution  
(1 a case or controv]sy2 ,:]eas ! ,f$]al
 ,judicial ,c5t] has conclud$ t balanc+ 
! duty to decide ) ! duty to disqualify 
precludes judges f us+ recusal z an     
excuse to %irk _! duties by avoid+      
difficult or unpleasant cases2 ,:]eas ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution ve/s judicial
 p[] 9 "o ,supreme ,c\rt1 & 9 su*       
inf]ior c\rts z ! ,congress may f "t to 
"t orda9 & e/abli%2 ,:]eas ! sep>ation (
 p[]s ( ! coord9ate bran*es ( gov]nm5t1 
z well z ! indep5d5ce ( ! judici>y1 or !
 appe>ance ( indep5d5ce1 may be         
compromis$ by ext5sive legislative or   
executive int]f]5ce into t bran*'s      
functions2 ,:]eas ,james ,madison argu$ 
9 ,f$]ali/ ,pap] ,numb] #aj t no man is 
all[$ to be a judge 9 8 own cause1      
because 8 int]e/ w\ld c]ta9ly bias 8    
judgm5t1 &1 n improbably1 corrupt 8     

integrity2 & ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,supreme ,c\rt has ackn[l$g$ 9          
,republican ,p>ty ( ,m9nesota v4 ,:ite1 
& reit]at$ 9 ,cap]ton v4 ,a4,t4 ,massey 
,coal ,co41 t the citiz5's respect =    
judgm5ts dep5ds ''' ^u ! issu+ c\rt's   
absolute probity & t judicial integrity 
is1 9 consequ5ce1 a /ate int]e/ ( !     
highe/ ord]3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t x is !
 s5se ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t !   
ju/ices ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt
 %\ld make !mselves subject to ! exi/+ &
 op]ative e?ics guidel9es set out 9 !   
,code ( ,conduct = ,unit$ ,/ates        
,judges1 or %\ld promulgate _! own code 
( conduct4