,,iv  #aaf? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #eee  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,septemb] #ab1        
#bjai,ms4 ,spei] 7= h]self1 ,mrs4       
,d+ell1 ,ms4 ,moore1 ,ms4 ,pressley1    
,ms4 ,escob>1 ,mr4 ,quigley1 ,ms4 ,m5g1 
,ms4 ,haal&1 ,mrs4 ,torres ( ,cali=nia1 
,mr4 ,fo/]1 ,mrs4 ,lawr5ce1 ,mr4        
,khanna1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,espaillat1 
,ms4 ,dean1 ,ms4 ,roybal-,all>d1 ,mr4   
,grijalva1 ,mr4 ,tonko1 ,mr4 ,blum5au]1 
,mr4 ,bey]1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51 ,ms4 ,ca/or (  
,florida1 ,ms4 ,hill ( ,cali=nia1 ,mrs4 
,watson ,coleman1 ,ms4 ,/ev5s1 ,mr4     
,k5n$y1 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1 ,mr4 ,g>ca (   
,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,gre5 ( ,texas1 ,ms4     
,br[nley ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,smi? (      
,wa%+ton1 ,ms4 ,port]1 ,ms4 ,g>cia (    
,texas1 ,ms4 ,s*ak[sky1 ,mr4 ,br[n (    
,m>yl&1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,mr4 ,lewis1 ,ms4  
,judy ,*u ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4 ,cicill9e1 &
 ,ms4 ,wexton7 submitt$ ! foll[+        
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ! ,judici>y1 & 9 addition to !      
,committees on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce1       

,f9ancial ,s]vices1 ,ways & ,means1     
,education & ,labor1 ,natural ,res\rces1
 & ,vet]ans' ,affairs1 = a p]iod to be  
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,,resolution  ,express+ ! s5se 
( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives reg>d+ !    
relation%ips betwe5 fire>m viol5ce1     
misogyny1 & viol5ce aga9/ wom5 &        
reaffirm+ ! importance ( prev5t+        
individuals ) a hi/ory ( viol5ce aga9/  
wom5 f access+ a fire>m4  ,:]eas ne>ly  
"o 9 f\r wom5 h exp]i5c$ "s =m (        
intimate p>tn] viol5ce1 includ+ sexual  
viol5ce1 physical viol5ce1 or /alk+1 &  
"o 9 ?ree wom5 h exp]i5c$ sexual viol5ce
 dur+ _! lifetime1 accord+ to !         
,national ,intimate ,p>tn] & ,sexual    
,viol5ce ,survey 7,,nisvs7 = #bjae2     
,:]eas ! majority ( intimate p>tn]      
homicides foll[ previ\s incid5ts (      
physical viol5ce aga9/ ! victim2 ,:]eas 
an e/imat$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( all intimate   
p>tn] homicide victims _h be5 /alk$ by  

_! p>tn]s prior to ! homicide1 accord+  
to a #aiii /udy publi%$ 9 ,homicide     
,/udies2 ,:]eas approximately #d1ejj1jjj
 wom5 alive today 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h   
be5 ?reat5$ by an intimate p>tn] ) a    
fire>m & almo/ #a1jjj1jjj wom5 report   
be+ %ot or %ot at by an intimate p>tn]1 
accord+ to a #bjaf /udy publi%$ 9       
,trauma1 ,viol5ce1 & ,abuse2 ,:]eas     
ne>ly half ( all female homicide victims
 betwe5 #bjjc & #bjad 7 kill$ by        
intimate p>tn]s1 accord+ to a #bjag /udy
 publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican       
,m$ical ,association2 ,:]eas a /udy (   
family & intimate assaults 9 ,atlanta1  
,georgia1 publi%$ 9 ! ,j\rnal ( !       
,am]ican ,m$ical ,association 9 #aiib   
f\nd t an incid5t ( family or intimate  
viol5ce is #ab times m likely to result 
9 a fatality if x involves a fire>m2    
,:]eas an abus]'s access to a fire>m    
increases ! likelihood t a woman w be   
kill$ by #djj p]c5t1 accord+ a #bjjc    
/udy publi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal (     
,public ,heal?2 ,:]eas ! pres5ce ( a    

fire>m 9 ! home increases ! risk (      
female homicide by #cjj p]c5t & ! risk (
 female suicide by #ejj p]c5t1 accord+  
to a #aiig /udy publi%$ 9 ! ,ar*ives (  
,int]nal ,m$ic9e2 ,:]eas data on        
homicide tr5ds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates f #aiij
 to #bjje reveal t fire>ms 7 us$ 9 m ?an
 two-?irds ( homicides ( a curr5t or =m]
 sp\se2 ,:]eas an e/imat$ ?ree-qu>t]s ( 
intimate p>tn] homicides 9 :i* !re 7    
multiple victims involve a fire>m2      
,:]eas a #bjai comp>ison ( viol5t dea?  
rates among high-income c\ntries        
indicates t wom5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are  
#ba times m likely to be kill$ ) a      
fire>m ?an wom5 9 o!r high-income       
c\ntries2 ,:]eas #ia4f p]c5t ( all wom5 
kill$ by fire>ms 9 high-income c\ntries 
9 #bjae 7 kill$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2      
,:]eas an analysis ( active %oot]       
incid5ts betwe5 #bjjj & #bjah by !      
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation f\nd t   
#bda out ( #bej incid5ts involv$ a male 
%oot]2 ,:]eas an analysis ( mass %oot+s 
by ,ev]yt[n = ,gun ,safety indicates t 9

 #ed p]c5t ( mass %oot+s 9 ! ,unit$     
,/ates betwe5 #bjji & #bjag 9 :i* f\r or
 m p 7 kill$1 ! %oot] kill$ a =m] or    
curr5t intimate p>tn] or family memb]2  
,:]eas1 on ,augu/ #d1 #bjai1 n9e p1     
includ+ ! gunman's si/]1 7 kill$ & #bg p
 7 w\nd$ :5 a %oot] ) a hi/ory (        
aggression aga9/ wom51 includ+ an       
incid5t 9 :i* he 0 susp5d$ f high s*ool 
= possess+ a li/ ( female classmates he 
t>get$ = sexual viol5ce1 op5$ fire 9    
,dayton1 ,ohio2 ,:]eas1 on ,novemb] #e1 
#bjag1 #be p 7 kill$1 includ+ a pregnant
 woman1 & #bj p 7 w\nd$ 9 ,su!rl&       
,spr+s1 ,texas1 by a %oot] ) an e/abli%$
 hi/ory ( dome/ic viol5ce1 includ+ a    
prior conviction = dome/ic viol5ce aga9/
 8 wife & /epson & a sep>ate            
inve/igation into a rape compla9t2      
,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #f1 #bjaf1 a "m & h]
 ?ree *ildr5 7 %ot & kill$ by a =m] dat+
 p>tn] :o _h be5 convict$ ( /alk+ a =m] 
girlfri5d & arre/$ = batt]y aga9/ a     
h\sehold memb]1 b cont9u$ to h access to
 fire>ms because ( ! boyfri5d loophole  

:]e9 he 0 n m>ri$ to ! wom5 he abus$2   
,:]eas1 on ,june #ab1 #bjaf1 #di p 7    
kill$ & #ec p 7 w\nd$ :5 a %oot] :o 0   
physically abusive t[>d 8 wife1 includ+ 
by alleg$ly beat+ h] :ile %e 0 pregnant1
 op5$ fire 9 ! ,pulse nightclub 9       
,orl&o1 ,florida2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y   
#be1 #bjaf1 a gunman %ot & kill$ ?ree p 
& injur$ #ad p 9 ,newton & ,hes/on1     
,kansas1 aft] be+ s]v$ ) a tempor>y     
protective ord] relat$ to an abusive    
relation%ip2 ,:]eas1 on ,may #bc1 #bjad1
 six p 7 kill$ & #ad p 7 w\nd$ by be+   
/abb$1 %ot1 or /ruck by ! vehicle ( a   
self-id5tifi$ memb] ( ! involunt>y      
celibate1 or incel1 gr\p ( m5 :o blame  
wom5 = _! sexual fru/rations & advocate 
= viol5ce aga9/ !m1 ) ! %oot] upload+ a 
video & publi%+ a manife/o detail+ 8    
hatr$ t[>d wom5 9 ,isla ,vi/a1          
,cali=nia1 ne> ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1
 ,santa ,b>b>a2 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #ad1
 #bjab1 #bf /ud5ts & tea*]s 7 kill$ 9 a 
mass %oot+ at ,s&y ,hook ,elem5t>y      
,s*ool aft] a %oot] :o previ\sly ?reat5$

 ! life ( 8 "m %ot & kill$ h] at home2  
,:]eas #aa p]c5t ( backgr\nd *eck d5ials
 are attribut$ to a misdemeanor (       
dome/ic viol5ce or a protective or      
re/ra9+ ord] accord+ to ! ,bureau (     
,ju/ice ,/ati/ics' mo/ rec5t report on  
,backgr\nd ,*ecks = ,fire>m ,transf]s2  
,:]eas ! s-call$ ,*>le/on ,loophole1 :i*
 all[s a lic5s$ fire>ms deal] to sell a 
fire>m to a p]son aft] ?ree bus9ess days
 ev5 if ! backgr\nd *eck is n complete1 
has all[$ ne>ly #b1jjj dome/ic abus]s to
 acquire fire>ms ov] ! pa/ two ye>s2    
,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #bg1 #bjai1 ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives pass$ ,h4,r4 #h1 !    
,bip>tisan ,backgr\nd ,*ecks ,act (     
#bjai1 to require a backgr\nd *eck =    
fire>m transf]s betwe5 unlic5s$ p>ties1 
) limit$ exceptions2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y
 #bh1 #bjai1 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives  
pass$ ,h4,r4 #aaab1 ! ,enhanc$          
,backgr\nd ,*ecks ,act ( #bjai1 to l5g!n
 ! p]iod ( "t t mu/ pass be=e a fire>m  
transf] c occur )\t a complet$ backgr\nd
 *eck2 ,:]eas a #bjag analysis ( ,/ate  

fire>m re/rictions = p]petrators (      
dome/ic viol5ce f\nd t fire>m           
prohibition laws t apply to dat+ p>tn]s 
are associat$ ) a #af-p]c5t r$uction 9  
intimate p>tn] homicide2 ,:]eas1 on     
,april #d1 #bjai1 ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives pass$ ,h4,r4 #aehe1 !   
,viol5ce ,aga9/ ,wom5 ,reau?orization   
,act ( #bjai1 to exp& exi/+ prohibitions
 on fire>m access = dome/ic abus]s to ^?
 convict$ ( dat+ viol5ce or misdemeanor 
/alk+1 & ^? subject to ex p>te          
protective ord]s2 & ,:]eas ! ,s5ate has 
n held a vote on ,h4,r4 #h1 ,h4,r4      
#aaab1 or ,h4,r4 #aehe3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x
 ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives--  7#a7   
affirms t r$uc+ access to a fire>m =    
individuals ) a hi/ory ( viol5ce aga9/  
wom51 includ+ /alk+ & ?reats ( viol5ce1 
is critical to r$uc+ ! fatality (       
intimate p>tn] viol5ce 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates2  7#b7 ackn[l$ges t curr5t law   
falls %ort 9 protect+ wom5 :o are       
victims ( intimate p>tn] viol5ce f      
unnecess>y risk ( fire>m viol5ce because

 an abus] c exploit legal loopholes to  
access a fire>m2  7#c7 recognizes t     
p]petrators ( fire>m viol5ce (t5 h a    
hi/ory ( viol5ce aga9/ wom5 & t a       
successful fire>m viol5ce prev5tion     
/rategy mu/ mean+fully address ?is      
connection2  7#d7 ackn[l$ges ! ne$ =    
legislation to bett] prev5t individuals 
) a hi/ory ( viol5ce aga9/ wom5 f       
pur*as+ or possess+ a fire>m2  7#e7     
supports fur!r rese>* into !            
relation%ips among misogyny1 viol5ce    
aga9/ wom51 & fire>m viol5ce2 &  7#f7   
calls on ! ,s5ate to imm$iately consid] 
,h4,r4 #h1 ! ,bip>tisan ,backgr\nd      
,*ecks ,act ( #bjai1 ,h4,r4 #aaab1 !    
,enhanc$ ,backgr\nd ,*ecks ,act ( #bjai1
 & ,h4,r4 #aehe1 ! ,viol5ce ,aga9/ ,wom5
 ,reau?orization ,act ( #bjai4